Performance analysis of κ-μ/gamma shadowed fading model over indoor off body communication channel

The κ-µ/gamma distribution has an importance role to model the small scale fading and shadowing over human off body indoor communication channel. This composite fading model has various special cases like κ-µ, Rician, Nakagami-m, Rayleigh, Rayleigh/gamma, Nakagami/gamma and Rice/logormal. In this paper, the expression for bit error rate (BER) using various modulation schemes, average channel capacity (ACC) and outage probability (OP) over κ-µ/gamma shadowed fading channel are derived. All the derived expressions are novel and presented in analytical form. The expression for BER and channel capacity are in form of well-known Meijer G function, whereas the outage probability expression is obtained from cumulative distribution function (CDF) proposed in previous literature. The derived expressions of BER (BPSK), average channel capacity and outage probability reduces to special cases for validation purpose. The study shows that binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation technique has better BER performance as compare to other modulation techniques. Moreover, on increasing α and β while κ and µ kept constant and vice versa, the ACC get increases but below the Additive white Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel capacity as expected. Also, better outage probability performance is obtained at lowest threshold signal to noise ratio (5 dB).     

Performance of joint source–channel decoding with iterative bit combining and detection

A joint source–channel decoding scheme (JSCD) with iterative bit combining (IBC) is proposed, which exploits two types of a priori information. The first one is the a priori bit probabilities obtained from source statistics, and the second is the channel a priori probabilities obtained from saved extrinsic information of previous transmissions. The JSCD-IBC scheme also incorporates iterative detection as both a stopping criteria and mechanism for triggering retransmissions. This adds an implicit adaptivity to the system and prevents excess iterations/retransmissions from being effected. The performance of the JSCD-IBC scheme is evaluated with four different iterative detection schemes and also two different types of variable length codes, Huffman and reversible variable length codes. Simulation results show that a significant performance gain in terms of bit error rate, throughput, and number of iterations can be achieved with the JSCD-IBC scheme as compared to a separate decoding scheme.     

Performance of partially coherent selection combining receiver in α-μ fading channel

In this paper the impact of the imperfect reference signal extraction is investigated, the bit error rate (BER) performance of multibranch selection combining (SC) receiver for binary and quaternary phase-shift keying (BPSK and QPSK) signals in a generalized α-μ fading channel are shown. The combined effects of imperfect phase estimation of the received signal, diversity order, fading severity and average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per bit on BER values are examined. The analytical results are verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

Performance of Multiband Complex-Wavelet-Based MC-CDMA System with Space-Time Coding over Nakagami-m Fading Channels

Space-time coding technique and Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) technique have received much interest due to their high frequency spectrum efficiency and high data rate transmission. On the basis of analyzing the two technique principle, utilizing the optimized multiband complex wavelet as multi-carrier basis function, we propose an MC-CDMA system based on multiband complex wavelet and space-time coding for downlink and investigate the system bit error rate (BER) performance over Nakagami-m fading channel. The system has much higher spectrum efficiency and data rate due to no need any cyclic prefix (CP) when compared to the conventional MC-CDMA system. Moreover, the application of space-time coding technique improves the ability against fading channel effectively and perfects the downlink performance further. Simulation results show that the proposed multiband complex-wavelet-based MC-CDMA (MBCW-MC-CDMA) system performs better than conventional MC-CDMA system and real wavelet-packet-based MC-CDMA system due to its superior ability against interferences. Especially, the space-time coded MBCW-MC-CDMA system has superior performance, and it outperforms single antenna MBCW-MC-CDMA and conventional MC-CDMA with space-time coding.     

Performance of 12-μm- to 15-μm-Pitch MWIR and LWIR HgCdTe FPAs at Elevated Temperatures

Infrared (IR) focal-plane arrays (FPAs) with higher operating temperatures and smaller pitches enable reduced size, weight, and power in infrared systems. We have characterized a large number of medium- and long-wavelength IR (MWIR and LWIR) FPAs as a function of temperature and cutoff wavelength to determine the impact of these parameters on their performance. The 77-K cutoff wavelength range for the MWIR arrays was 5.0 μm to 5.6 μm, and 8.6 μm to 11.3 μm for the LWIR. The dark currents in DRS’s high-density vertically integrated photodiode (HDVIP)^® FPAs (based on a front-side- illuminated, via-interconnected, cylindrical-geometry N+/N/P architecture) are dominated by Auger-7 recombination from 120 K to 200 K for the MWIR and 70 K to 100 K for the LWIR. In these temperature ranges the FPA operability is generally limited not by dark current defects but by noise defects. Pixels with high 1/f noise should produce a tail in the root-mean-square (rms) noise distribution. We have found that the skewness of the rms noise distribution is the simplest measure of an array’s 1/f noise, and that the rms noise skewness typically shows little variation over these temperature ranges. The temperature dependence of the defect counts in normal arrays (wet etched prior to CdTe interdiffusion) increases as n _i, while nonstandard arrays (ion milled or plasma etched prior to CdTe interdiffusion) can have high 1/f noise and defect counts that vary as n _i ² . Our models indicate that, if the dominant dark current is due to diffusion, then the 1/f noise varies as n _i ² , whereas if depletion current dominates, then the 1/f noise varies as n _i. Systemic 1/f noise is not an issue for DRS’s standard MWIR FPAs at 110 K to 160 K, or for standard LWIR FPAs at 77 K to 100 K.     

Performance analysis of Push-To-Talk over IEEE 802.16e with? sleep mode and idle mode

We investigate how much power saving can be achieved for a Push-To-Talk (PTT) service by employing sleep mode and idle mode in the IEEE 802.16e. In this paper, a mobile station by employing sleep mode during an on-session and idle mode during an off-session of the PTT service is modeled as a semi-Markov chain. We obtain power consumption of the mobile station, call setup delay and talker arbitration delay. Using our mathematical model, we can find the optimal sleep window satisfying the required quality of service (QoS) on call setup delay and talker arbitration delay. The numerical examples show that the sleep mode and idle mode provide a considerable reduction on energy of the mobile stations.     

Performance improvement of spatial modulation-assisted FSO systems over Gamma–Gamma fading channels with geometric spreading

A number of studies recently have proposed optical spatial modulation (SM) as a simple, power- and bandwidth efficient modulation scheme for free-space optical communication (FSO) systems. In these studies, it was assumed that an active laser source only sends the signal to one targeted photodetector (PD). However, undesirable PDs still can receive the signal from the active source due to geometric spreading (i.e., laser beam broadening). In addition, if the fading channels between the active source and multiple PDs are correlated, the probability of wrong detection of the active source’s index during spatial demodulation process may increase. In this paper, we first analyze the impact of geometric spreading on the performance of FSO systems using SM over uncorrelated Gamma–Gamma fading channel. We find that the advantage in reducing the transmission bandwidth of SM cannot compensate its limitation in suffering from geometric spreading. We then propose to combine N-SM with pulse-position modulation (L-PPM) and transmit diversity (\(M\,\times \,1\) MISO) to improve the performance of SM-based FSO systems. The numerical results, which are validated by Monte–Carlo simulations, confirm the superiority of the proposed system in comparison with the conventional ones.     

A 1.55-μm laser array monolithically integrated with an MMI combiner

The monolithic integration of four 1.55-μm range InGaAsP/InP distributed feedback lasers with a 4×1 multimode-interference(MMI) optical combiner using the varied width ridge method is proposed and demonstrated. The average output power is 1.5 mW when the current of LD is 100 mA and the threshold current is 30-35 mA at 25℃.The lasing wavelength is 1.55-μm range and 40 dB sidemode suppression ratio is obtained.The four channels can operate separately or simultaneously.     

Performance of a Self-Aligned InP/GaInAs SHBT with a Novel T-Shaped Emitter

研究了一种采用新的T型发射极技术的自对准InP/GaInAs单异质结双极晶体管.采用了U型发射极图形结构、选择性湿法腐蚀、LEU以及空气桥等技术,成功制作了U型发射极尺寸为2μm×12μm的器件.该器件的共射直流增益达到170,残余电压约为0.2V,膝点电压仅为0.5V,而击穿电压超过了2V.器件的截止频率达到85GHz,最大振荡频率为72GHz,这些特性使此类器件更适合于低压、低功耗及高频方面的应用.     

Performance of a joint CDMA/PRMA protocol with heavy‐tailed ON/OFF source

The performance of a joint CDMA/PRMA protocol with heavy-tailed ON/OFF source has been studied. Compared with the random access scheme, the PRMA protocol improves the system performance (such as packet loss, throughput) whether the traffic is SRD or LRD. The less bursty traffic is, the greater the improvement. The buffer design should take into account knowledge about the network traffic such as the presence or absence of the Noah effect in a typical source, especially of _on, the intensity of the Noah effect of ONperiod. The smaller _on is, the smaller the buffering gain, and the more packets will be lost. LRD has impacts on the overall system performance. The Noah effect, especially _off, the intensity of the Noah effect of OFFperiod, has significant impact on the overall system performance such as capacity, time delay, etc. As _off gets closer to 1, the traffic becomes more bursty, the system capacity is decreased and time delay is increased.     

Performance Evaluation of Wireless Communication Systems over Weibull/q-Lognormal Shadowed Fading Using Tsallis’ Entropy Framework

Wireless Personal Communications - In wireless communication channels, the signals arriving at the receiver may be of stochastic nature or be superpositioned due to non-uniform scattering and...     

Outage probability and ergodic channel capacity of underlay device-to-device communications over $$kappa -mu$$κ-μ shadowed fading channels

Wireless Networks - Device-to-device (D2D) communication is observed as an emerging technique to offload the traffic from base station for improving the network performance. Outage probability (OP)...     

Microwave performance of field-plate 0.13-μm MOS transistors with varying field-plate extension

Si-based field-plate 0.13 μm gate length metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (Si MOSFET) with field-plate (FP) lengths of 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm, and 0.3 μm have been fabricated and investigated. The field-plate metals were connected to gate electrode in this study to improve device gate resistance (R_g) resulting in the better microwave performance. By increasing the length of field-plate metal extension (L_FPE), the off-state drain-to-source surface leakage current can be suppressed. Besides, low surface traps in FP NMOS also leads to a higher drain-to-source current (I_ds) especially at high current regime compared to standard device. The power added efficiency (PAE) was 56.3% for L_FPE of 0.3 μm device, and these values where 54.7% and 53.8% for L_FPE of 0.2 μm and 0.1 μm devices, respectively. Wider field-plate metal extension exhibits highly potential for low noise amplifier and high efficiency power amplifier applications.     

On the high characteristic temperature of an InAs/GaAs/InGaAsP QD laser with an emission wavelength of ~1.5 μm on an InP substrate

We report on a study of lasers with an emission wavelength of about 1.5 μm and high temperature stability, synthesized on an InP (001) substrate. Self-organized InAs quantum dots capped with a thin GaAs layer are used as the active region of the laser. A quaternary InGaAsP solid solution with a band-gap width of 1.15 eV serves as the waveguide/matrix layer. A high characteristic temperature of the threshold current, T ₀ = 205 K, is reached in the temperature range 20–50°C in ridge-waveguide laser diodes. A correlation between the values of T ₀ and the band-gap width of the waveguide layers is found.