Wear and corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy coated by pulsed current electrodeposited Ni–Al2O3 nanocomposite

In this work, Ni and Ni–Al₂O₃ nanocomposite coatings were applied on AZ91 magnesium alloy using a pulse plating process and the corrosion resistance of coated samples was evaluated by means of the potentiodynamic polarisation method in 3.5?wt-% NaCl solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was employed to identify microstructure and morphology of the coatings. Vickers microhardness and pin-on-disc wear tests were also used to investigate mechanical properties of the coatings. The polarisation test revealed that the pure Ni coating on AZ91 along with the presence of nanoparticles were key factors leading to a reduction in the corrosion current density and the improvement of corrosion resistance so that the corrosion current density of 210.45?µA?cm^?2 for the substrate (AZ91) decreases to 31.92 and 1.54?µA?cm^?2 by applying pure Ni and Ni–Al₂O₃ nanocomposite coatings, respectively. Furthermore, Ni–Al₂O₃ nanocomposite coating increased the microhardness and wear resistance compared to the substrate up to 435 and 340%, respectively.     

Effect of Nb addition on microstructure and properties of laser cladding NiCrBSi coatings

NiCrBSi coatings with different Nb additions have been prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure, phase composition, hardness, and wear resistance of the coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalyser (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tester and M-200 wear tester. The results show that the phases in the NiCrBSi coating without Nb addition include γ-Ni, Cr₂₃C₆, Cr₇C₃, Ni₃B, Ni₃Si₂ and CrB. The NbC phase appears in coatings after the addition of Nb element. When the addition of Nb is 2?wt-%, the NbC particles with a size of about 1.2?μm were found in the coating, and the amount of NbC is about 1.8?vol.-%. With the increase of Nb addition, the size and amount of NbC in the coatings also increased. When the addition of Nb is 6?wt-%, the size of NbC is about 2.3–6.1?μm and the morphology of NbC changed from particle to quadrangular and petaloid shaped. In addition, when the addition of Nb is 2?wt-%, the hardness and wear resistance of the coating are the best, and the wear resistance of the coating is 104% higher than that without Nb addition.     

Evaluation of corrosion resistance of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni–Fe alloy coatings

Nickel–iron alloys with a compositional range of 24–80?wt-% iron were electrodeposited on a copper substrate from a sulphate-based bath and using a stirring rate of 100?rev?min^?1. The effect of applied current density and Ni²⁺/Fe²⁺ metal ion ratio of plating bath on the properties of alloy coatings was examined. Crystal structure and grain size of Ni–Fe alloy coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction technique. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyse the surface morphology and chemical composition of coatings. Microhardness test was applied to evaluate the hardness of the coatings. Finally, the electrochemical behaviour of the Ni–Fe alloy coatings was studied by a polarisation test in 10?wt-% H₂SO₄ solution. Results revealed that current density and plating bath composition had a strong effect on the characteristics of coatings. As the iron content of alloys produced increased, their corrosion resistance improved with the best corrosion resistivity being achieved at a metal ion ratio of 0.5 and applied current density of 2.5?A?dm^?2.     

Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Ni(Al)-Reinforced Nanocomposite Plasma Spray Coatings

The mechanical and tribological behavior and microstructural evolutions of the Ni(Al)-reinforced nanocomposite plasma spray coatings were studied. At first, the feedstock Ni(Al)-15 wt.% (Al₂O₃-13% TiO₂) nanocomposite powders were prepared using low-energy mechanical milling of the pure Ni and Al powders as well as Al₂O₃-13% TiO₂ nanoparticle mixtures. The characteristics of the powder particles and the prepared coatings depending on their microstructures were examined in detail. The results showed that the feedstock powders after milling contained only α-Ni solid solution with no trace of the intermetallic phase. However, under the air plasma spraying conditions, the NiAl intermetallic phase in the α-Ni solid solution matrix appeared. The lack of nickel aluminide formation during low-energy ball milling is beneficial hence, the exothermic reaction can occur between Ni and Al during plasma spraying, improving the adhesive strength of the nanocomposite coatings. The results also indicated that the microhardness of the α-Ni phase was 3.91 ± 0.23 GPa and the NiAl intermetallic phase had a mean microhardness of 5.69 ± 0.12 GPa. The high microhardness of the nanocomposite coatings must be due to the presence of the reinforcing nanoparticles. Due to the improvement in mechanical properties, the Ni(Al) nanocomposite coatings showed significant modifications in wear resistance with low frictional coefficient.     

Surface Characterization and Mechanical Properties’ Evaluation of Boride-Dispersed Nickel-Based Coatings Deposited on Copper Through Thermal Spray Routes

The present study concerns understanding the microstructures and wear resistance of nickel-based alloy (Ni 68.4, Cr 17, B 3.9, Si 4.9, and Fe 5.8) coatings on copper developed by flame spraying and high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coating techniques. The microstructure of flame spray deposition consists of predominantly equiaxed ??-Ni grains, refined Ni₃B precipitates, and Ni2.9Cr0.7Fe0.36 phase. On the other hand, HVOF spray deposition reduces the porosity content significantly in the presence of very fine (with average precipitate size varying from ??m to nm range) borides (chromium boride, Cr₂B; and nickel boride, Ni₃B) in ??-Ni matrix. The microhardness of the HVOF-sprayed and flame-sprayed surfaces were improved to 935?VHN and 251?VHN, respectively as compared with 82?VHN of the as-received substrate. Wear resistance property against WC indenter was also improved in deposited layers with a maximum improvement in HVOF spray deposition. The mechanism of wear was investigated.     

A wear resistant ductile metal-toughened Cr13Ni5Si2 ternary metal silicide alloy

A ductile metal-toughened Cr–Ni–Si ternary metal silicide wear resistant alloy with a dual-phase microstructure consisting of Cr₁₃Ni₅Si₂ ternary metal silicide primary dendrites and the interdendritic nickel-base solid solution (γ) was designed and fabricated by the laser melting/continuous deposition process. Wear resistance of the γ-toughened Cr₁₃Ni₅Si₂ intermetallic alloy was evaluated on an MM-200 block-on-wheel dry sliding wear tester at room temperature. The γ-toughened Cr₁₃Ni₅Si₂ intermetallic alloy has excellent wear resistance and extremely low load-sensitivity of wear under dry sliding wear test conditions due to the inherent high hardness, abnormal hardness–temperature relation and strong covalent-dominant atomic bonds. The isolated toughening γ phase played a positive role in reducing volume wear rate by retarding crack propagation and preventing pull-out of the broken Cr₁₃Ni₅Si₂ fragments from the wear surface.     

电火花沉积非晶涂层的组织结构与摩擦磨损性能

以Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀非晶态合金棒为电极,利用电火花沉积技术在ZL101铝合金表面制备了锆基合金涂层.利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损实验机等对涂层的微观结构、表面形貌、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行了分析测试.结果表明,沉积层表面较致密、均匀,为典型的“溅射状”花样形貌;沉积层主要由非晶、ZrO₂和Cu₈Zr₃等相组成;沉积层的平均显微硬度为1 555 HV 0.01,约为基材的15倍,摩擦系数仅为0.096,呈现出良好的减摩耐磨特性,沉积层的磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损.     

Fabrication of Co−Ni−P film with excellent wear and corrosion resistance by electroplating with supercritical CO2 emulsion

To avoid the defects caused by the hydrogen evolution and improve the corrosion and wear properties of the electroplated films in the traditional aqueous bath electrodeposition, a supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO₂) emulsion was proposed to electrodeposite ternary nanocrystalline Co?Ni?P alloy films. Microstructure, corrosive and tribological properties of the Co?Ni?P films were investigated and compared with the ones electroplated by conventional method. The results show that the Co?Ni?P films produced with Sc-CO₂ assisted electrodeposition exhibit a more compact microstructure. The preferred orientation plane of hcp (110) for the Co?Ni?P films produced in conventional aqueous bath is changed to be hcp (100) for the one prepared in emulsified Sc-CO₂ bath. The microhardness, corrosion resistance and tribological properties of the Co?Ni?P films are substantially improved with the assistance of Sc-CO₂ in the electrodeposition bath.     

Effect of power on microstructure and properties of laser cladding NiCrBSi composite coating

A laser clad NiCrBSi composite coating was fabricated on the surface of 42CrMo steel using 6?kW fibre laser. The morphology and composition of the composite coating formed under different powers were studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The microhardness and wear resistance were measured with a MICROMET-5103 digital microhardness tester and a MM-200 ring-block wear testing machine, respectively. The results showed that the cladding layer and the substrate have good metallurgical bonding. The microstructure nearing the fusion line is a columnar grain and that of the cladding layer is mainly a cellular grain. The main phases of the laser cladding layer are γ-Ni, (Fe,Ni), M₇C₃, M₂₃C₆ and CrB. The dilution rate of the laser cladding layer increased with the increase of laser power. The microhardness of the cladding layers decreased with the increase of laser power, and wear resistance of the cladding layer first increased and then decreased with the increase of laser power. When the laser power was 2000?W, the wear resistance of the composite coating was at its highest.     

WC-Co reinforced NiCoCrAlYTa composite coating: Effect of the proportion on microstructure and tribological properties

The properties of the working surfaces are linked to the safety and lifespan of the modern machines so that variety of coatings are used to protect the parts from breakdown. The NiCoCrAlYTa coating, which has an excellent oxidation resistance, usually undergoes more serious friction and wear due to its lower micro-hardness in contrast to the ceramic coatings. Therefore, the composite coatings reinforced by WC-Co are prepared by HVOF sprayed technology and are also characterized by scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrometer and X-ray diffraction. At the same time, the friction and wear behaviors as well as the mechanisms of different friction pairs are also discussed, in detail. The composite coatings, which mainly consist of γ-(Ni, Co), β-NiAl, γ′-Ni₃Al, WC and W₂C, are dense and uniform. With the increase of WC-17Co, the microhardness of NiCoCrAlYTa/WC-Co composite coating has enhanced from 641.4 HV_300g to 859.7 HV_300g. The wear rates of the composite coatings (10⁻⁵–10⁻⁶ mm³·N⁻¹ m⁻¹) are far lower than those of the as-sprayed NiCoCrAlYTa coating (10⁻⁴ mm³·N⁻¹ m⁻¹). Overall, the mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of the coatings are greatly improved with the addition of WC-Co.     

6061铝合金表面激光熔覆稀土CeO_2+Ni60组织及摩擦磨损性能

为提高铝合金的表面性能,利用激光熔覆技术在6061铝合金表面制备了添加稀土Ce O2的Ni60熔覆层,并通过金相显微镜、SEM、显微维氏硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机等设备研究了CeO2对Ni60熔覆层组织结构、硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明,加入2%的Ce O2可有效地减少熔覆层中的裂纹、孔洞和夹杂物,促进晶粒细化,提高熔覆层的组织均匀性、表面硬度及耐磨损性能;在相同磨粒磨损条件下,CeO2+Ni60熔覆层的耐磨性是铝合金的7.1倍,是Ni60熔覆层的1.6倍;Ni60熔覆层可以显著降低铝合金表面摩擦系数,而添加稀土CeO2能提高Ni60熔覆层的摩擦系数稳定性,从而改善Ce O2+Ni60熔覆层的耐磨性能.     

Structural and Tribological Properties of Nanostructured Supersonic Cold Sprayed Ni-20 wt.% Sn Coatings

80-μm-thick nanostructured coatings consisting of a Ni solid solution, Ni₃Sn, Ni₃Sn₂, and metastable NiSn intermetallic phases were deposited via supersonic cold spraying onto inconel 718 alloy substrates. These coatings have complex nanostructured metallurgical phases as revealed by transition electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction techniques. Their mechanical properties were determined by nanoindentation measurements. Furthermore, the wear behavior of these nanostructured sprayed coatings was compared to the one of the industrial bulk or sprayed coated benchmark materials. It was found that the nanostructured coatings exhibit higher wear resistance than the industrial benchmarks, thanks to an appropriate balance of hard intermetallic phases and soft Ni matrix, as well as to their nanostructuring. Their frictional characteristics under reciprocating sliding are mainly determined by the formation of an oxide-based tribo-layer, which was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The role of intermetallic phases in these coatings on the friction and wear is also discussed.     

钛合金表面激光熔覆AlBxCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的组织与性能

目的研究AlB_xCoCrNiTi(x=0、0.5、1)高熵合金涂层的组织及性能,提高钛合金表面硬度及耐磨性。方法采用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面制备出AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)等材料分析手段,研究了B含量对高熵合金涂层形貌、组织结构、成分的影响,并采用维氏硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验检测了熔覆涂层的硬度和耐磨性能。结果高熵合金涂层与基体的整体结合形貌良好。未添加B的高熵合金涂层主要由BCC相和晶体结构类似(Co,Ni)Ti_2相组成。随着B的加入,高熵合金涂层的晶粒得到细化,BCC相含量增加,(Co,Ni)Ti_2相含量有所减少,且熔覆层原位生成了TiB_2硬质相,TiB_2硬质相含量随B含量的增加而增加。熔覆涂层的硬度和耐磨性与B含量呈正相关关系,AlB_1CoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的平均显微硬度最大,为814HV,且AlB_1CoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的磨损量最小,其耐磨性约为未添加B的高熵合金涂层的7倍。结论 B含量的增加,有助于改善AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的摩擦学性能,AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层有效提高了钛合金表面的硬度及耐磨性能。     

A Study of Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Arc-Sprayed Ni-Ti Composite Coatings

In this study, the corrosion and wear performance of Ni-Ti composite coatings with distinct parameters were investigated. The coatings were prepared by arc spraying with Ti and Ni wires fed synchronously. Structural, surface morphological, and compositional analyses of the Ni-Ti composite coatings were performed using microhardness, SEM/EDS, XRD, and DTA analysis. Electrochemical AC impedance and potentiodynamic polarization tests were carried out to examine the anticorrosion performance of the coating. Ball-on-disc dry wear tests based on the ASTM G99 standard were performed at room temperature to evaluate the antiwear properties. The DTA and XRD analysis results indicated that some intermetallic compounds such as TiNi₃ and Ni-Ti alloy were present within the Ni-Ti coating. The wear resistance of the Ni-Ti composite coating is superior to that of the Ni-sprayed coating but slightly inferior to that of the Ti-sprayed coating. The corrosion resistance of the arc-sprayed Ni-Ti coating is superior to that of Ti but inferior to that of Ni. The corrosion and wear performance of the composite coating are greatly influenced by the coating microstructure and thickness.     

爆炸喷涂WC-12Co/MoS_2复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能

为进一步提高爆炸喷涂WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性,在WC-12Co合金粉末中添加不同比例的MoS2粉末,利用爆炸喷涂技术在Q235钢表面制备了系列WC-12Co/MoS2复合涂层.采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机对WC-12Co/MoS2复合涂层的微观组织形貌、结构、显微硬度、摩擦磨损性能进行了研究.结果表明,MoS2均匀的分布于复合涂层中,当MoS2含量为2%时,复合涂层的硬度、致密度变化不大,但摩擦系数和磨损率大幅度下降,分别为WC-12Co涂层的50%和36%.随着MoS2含量的增加,复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均呈上升趋势.     

Influence of SiC particle size on the structure and tribological properties of Ni-Co composites

Ni-Co composites incorporated with SiC particles of nano and micron size were produced by electrodeposition. The effect of cobalt content on the particle incorporation, microhardness, surface morphology and tribological behaviour has been studied. The Ni rich Ni-Co composite exhibited enhanced microhardness values. However, no appreciable increase in the microhardness was observed for Co rich Ni-Co-SiC composites. Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction studies were used to characterize the coatings. A change in surface morphology, phase structure and SiC incorporation was observed with increase in cobalt content. Pin-on-disc tribo tester was employed to study the wear and friction behaviour of the Ni-Co-SiC coatings. The tribo studies indicated that the wear volume loss was less for micron SiC reinforced Ni-Co composites compared to nano SiC reinforced composites. However, no appreciable variation in the coefficient of friction was observed for both Ni rich and Co rich Ni-Co-SiC composites.     

稀土Y2O3对6063Al激光熔覆镍基熔覆层耐磨性的影响

利用激光熔覆技术,在6063铝合金表面制备了添加有不同含量Y₂O₃的Ni60合金熔覆层,并对熔覆层进行了耐磨性试验. 通过分析熔覆层组织、熔覆层表面磨痕形貌、磨损量及摩擦系数,研究Y₂O₃含量对铝合金表面激光熔覆Ni基涂层耐磨性能的影响. 结果表明,添加5%Y₂O₃的Ni60熔覆层组织呈现明显的网状分布的枝晶和细小的等轴晶,稀土Y₂O₃可以改善铝合金表面Ni60熔覆层的组织,促进晶粒细化和成分分布均匀;添加稀土Y₂O₃的Ni60基熔覆层较Ni60熔覆层的磨损面崩损程度减小了,摩擦稳定性得到提高;随着稀土含量提高,熔覆层的磨损量减小,但Y₂O₃含量高于5%时磨损量基本不会大幅变化;5%Y₂O₃+Ni60熔覆层具有良好的磨损形貌、较低的磨损量以及较稳定的摩擦系数,其熔覆层的耐磨性是Ni60熔覆层的6.1倍,是6063Al合金基体耐磨性的20.1倍.     

Preparation of nanostructured Ni/Al2O3 composite coatings in high magnetic field

Ni/Al₂O₃ composite coatings were prepared by a novel method from a modified Watt's type electrolyte containing nano-Al₂O₃ particles, where a high magnetic field was imposed in the direction parallel to an electrolytic current instead of mechanical agitation. Effects of magnetic field on the content of particles, surface morphology, microhardness and wear resistance of plating layer were investigated. It was found that the high magnetic field played an important role in the formation of composite coatings. The amounts of nano-Al₂O₃ particles in the composite coating increased with increasing of magnetic flux density and reached a maximum value at 8 T, then reduced slightly. The microhardness and wear resistance of the nanocomposite coatings also enhanced with increasing of magnetic flux density as compared to that of pure Ni coating fabricated in the absence of magnetic field. That was because the co-deposited nano-Al₂O₃ particles were uniformly distributed in the Ni matrix and contributed to greatly increase the microhardness and wear resistance of the composite coatings. Moreover, the mechanism of action of high magnetic field was discussed preliminarily.     

The effect of TiO2 nanoparticle codeposition on microstructure and corrosion resistance of electroless Ni?P coating

Ni? P? TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings with various contents of TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by adding TiO₂ nanoparticles to Ni? P electroless plating solution. The effects of pH and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the chemical composition of Ni, P, and TiO₂ in the coatings were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX), and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology, composition, and crystal structure of deposited coatings, respectively. The hardness of nanocomposite coatings was improved greatly compared to Ni? P coating especially after heat treatment. After heat treatment at 400 °C for 1 h, an increase in microhardness was observed for heat‐treated Ni? P coatings. The hardness was increased from 805 to 1050 Hv for Ni? P? TiO₂ coating deposited at 9 g/LTiO₂ concentration in the bath. The corrosion resistance of Ni? P? TiO₂ coating was significantly increased compared to Ni? P coatings by incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticle.     

Microstructure and wear behaviour of pulse electrodeposited alumina nanoparticle reinforced Co–W nanocomposite coatings

Abstract

The microstructure and wear behaviour of alumina nanoparticle reinforced Co–W alloy coatings have been investigated for potential replacement of hard chrome coatings. The composite coatings were pulse electrodeposited on steel substrates using a citrate bath. The effects of current density, in the range of 1–9 A dm^?2, on the particle reinforcement, phase/microstructure, microhardness, and wear properties of the coating have been studied. The coatings codeposited with current density of 5 A dm^?2 at 333 Hz pulse frequency and 33% duty cycle exhibited microhardness comparable to hard chromium coatings.