西北院水电站厂房设计技术总结与展望

厂房是水电站的重要组成部分之一。建院70年来,西北院在水电站厂房设计方面取得了辉煌的成就,积累了丰富的设计经验。文章回顾和总结了西北院设计的厂房布置型式、厂房设计技术理论的创新和应用特点,展望未来,三维协同设计将成为厂房设计的重要工具,大规模地下洞室围岩稳定评价和支护、厂房抗振设计将得到深入研究和重视。     

基于CATIA的岸边式水电站厂房三维设计

针对水电站厂房设计的具体情况,基于CATIA平台,运用自上而下的三维设计理念,结合岸边式厂房设计工程实例,系统地对水电站厂房参数化设计方法进行了研究.三维协同设计在水利水电工程中初步应用显示,其先进的设计思想在提高设计效率和质量方面有着明显的优越性,在水利水电工程设计中具有良好的应用前景.     

水电站厂房振动和裂缝问题的研究与治理

针对大中型水电站出现的若干振动问题实例,以及个别厂房混凝土结构出现裂缝等不利情况,介绍并探讨了厂房振动的诱因、特征和解决途径等问题,旨在为水电站厂房的抗振设计和运行管理提供一些参考.     

ABAQUS在水电站厂房地基应力 分析中的应用

ABAQUS软件是目前国际上先进的大型通用非线性有限元分析软件,在工程领域得到了广泛的应用,对岩土工程中的实际模型所取的各种边界条件以及土体的非线性本构关系有着很好的适应性。文章利用ABAQUS软件建立了三维有限元模型,对龙溪口水电站厂房的机组段和安装间段的地基应力进行了分析,为龙溪口水电站厂房的稳定设计提供了技术支撑,对同类水电站厂房的设计和施工具有参考意义。     

水电站厂房网架结构安装

网架结构在国内外工业民用建筑领域的运用已相当广泛.近年来,其在国内大中型水电站厂房屋顶结构中的运用日渐增多.介绍了网架结构在水电站厂房施工中的基本特点和常用的安装方法.     

三维协同技术在水电站建筑多专业设计方面的应用研究

随着科技进步,水电站设计领域的设计手段发生着日新月异的变化,由传统的二维平面设计向立体、直观、准确的三维设计转变是水电站设计发展的必然趋势。结合三维可视化协同设计工作,就水电站建筑相关专业三维模型的建立与布置、材料统计,以及从三维模型中剖切二维施工图纸等技术进行研究探讨,结合水电站厂房设计实践,对基于Bentley软件平台的水电站建筑、结构和设备等多专业三维协同设计的实现方法、流程及存在的主要问题进行了探索和总结。     

大型水电站厂房三维设计研究与应用

针对Autodesk Revit三维设计软件应用于大型水电站厂房三维设计存在的问题开展研究,并将研究成果付诸实践,实现水电站厂房从三维建模→结构CAE分析→多专业协同设计→三维出图等全流程三维设计。2次开发大体积复杂结构三维钢筋图绘制辅助系统,对水电站厂房建立参数化模型库、标准化样板文件和图元库,提升设计效率、产品质量及服务水平,为后续水电工程厂房三维设计奠定了基础。     

基于三维有限元应力分析的厂房结构配筋和裂缝宽度设计

河床式水电站的空间结构、受力条件非常复杂,能够准确获取进口、上部结构、水下结构等部位的应力情况,对结构的配筋设计和混凝土裂缝的控制是十分重要的。以广宁县春水水电站厂房为例,采用三维有限元方法进行三维整体结构计算,并依据计算应力对电站厂房进行了结构配筋和裂缝宽度设计。结果表明,三维有限元作为整体应力分析是可行的,可为类似工程设计提供参考。     

关于REVIT Architecture软件在电站厂房设计中的应用探索

本文以西安市辋川河引水李家河水库工程电站厂房、延安市南沟门水利枢纽工程电站主厂房、陕西省引汉济渭工程黄金峡电站厂房为工程背景,运用REVIT Architecture软件进行了水电站厂房的三维设计应用探索,通过探索,总结了一些REVIT在电站厂房三维设计中的应用经验,并通过实例说明REVIT在电站厂房设计中是可行、方便、快捷、高效的,并且更适用于小型卧式机组电站厂房。     

ABAQUS在水电站厂房抗滑稳定分析中的应用

抗滑稳定计算往往是水电站厂房设计的关键技术和重要课题。文章利用ABAQUS软件,通过有限元强度折减法,计算了龙溪口水电站厂房坝段的抗滑稳定安全系数,对龙溪口水电站厂房的机组段和安装间的抗滑稳定进行了分析,为水电站厂房的抗滑稳定设计提供了技术支撑,对同类水电站厂房的设计和施工具有参考意义。     

发电厂内厂用电并联切换方式的分析计算

发变组单元接线，厂用变压器引自发电机端的发电厂，实现厂用电并联切换方式，可以简化运行操作，保障辅助设备的连续供电和运行操作安全。文中分析了变压器变比误差、短路阻抗对并联切换的影响，计算了满足并联切换条件时机组间的允许负荷差异。     

黄龙滩水电站智能化改造设计与实现

本文结合黄龙滩水电厂计算机监控系统及智能一体化平台建设项目,介绍了黄龙滩水电厂智能化改造方案设计与实现。通过比较,深入分析已有系统现状和存在的缺陷,阐述智能化系统的性能特点,提出具体的设计方案,对其他水电厂改造项目具有借鉴意义。     

工程设计中泵站装置效率分析

泵站装置效率是影响泵站经济运行的重要指标之一，本文通过对影响泵站装置效率的各因素进行分析，提出了在工程设计中应注意的事项。     

Fine sediment retention as affected by annual shoot collapse: Sparganium erectum as an ecosystem engineer in a lowland stream

To examine the effect of different growth forms of Sparganium erectum (Sparganiaceae) on its sediment trapping and retention characteristics, the plant phenology and morphological attributes based on stands along the edge of a river channel, river flow velocity distribution and sedimentation rates in‐ and outside the stands of a downstream site were examined over a 3‐year period. A decomposition experiment was carried out to determine the respective fragmentation rates of S. erectum shoots and rhizomes. The preliminary monitoring revealed that S. erectum shoots attained distinct phonological stages; submerged in winter, subsequently emerging in late‐spring, while the same cycle was followed by successive secondary cohorts. Our results highlighted that the growth form substantially affected the flow condition in‐ and outside the stands, thus affecting associated sedimentation rates. Although the sedimentation was high if the shoots were submerged in early‐spring, the accumulated fine sediment layer was unleashed following shoot emergence, despite their large biomass and the resulting low flow velocity. The collapse of S. erectum shoots accelerated sedimentation again by increasing constriction to flow, producing a more preferable habitat for its soft roots and rhizomes. The collapse of emergent shoots, therefore, appeared to be a vital part of the inherent phonological cycle of S. erectum. Further, due to the high‐decomposition rate, the collapsed shoots disappeared within 40–60 days, whereas the decomposed materials occupied a large fraction of the floating organic matter. The collapse of shoots increased flow resistance by ～50%, though the stand area occupied a mere one‐fifth of the channel. The seasonal observations provided further insight into the modification of flows due to the growth and changing growth form affecting associated fine sediment trapping and retention characteristics within the stands, deriving important management implications and highlighting the role of S. erectum as an ecosystem engineer in lowland streams. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

智能水电厂的体系结构

围绕智能水电厂的体系结构,提出从水电厂的一体化软硬件基础平台、统一的现地测控总线技术、智能化的决策支持技术等方面开展智能化建设工作.从厂站级和流域水电调度2个方面介绍了水电厂的智能化改造的方向以及智能化改造的具体内容.     

火力发电厂厂级监控信息系统的设计及应用

文章介绍了SIS系统在广西某600 MW发电厂中的应用,总结了SIS的设计思路及技术特点,对以后工程有一定的指导价值。     

葛洲坝水电站水轮机磨蚀评析

作为长江第一坝的葛洲坝水电站,其水轮机磨蚀情况引起国内同行的关注。根据长江的水沙特点、葛洲坝工程泥沙研究成果、十年来运行观测实践、水轮机运行及磨蚀修复状况,对葛洲坝水轮机磨蚀的现状进行了评论和剖析,提出了今后评价和解决葛洲坝水轮机磨蚀的九点建议及意见。     

The influence of soil desiccation on plant production,nutrient uptake and plant nutrient availability in two French floodplain grasslands

The effects of summer soil desiccation on plant production and plant nutrient availability (determined by wet chemical extraction) in floodplain grasslands along the rivers Allier and Loire in France were investigated. Soil desiccation in these river floodplains is the result of human interference with the natural flooding regime of rivers, such as dam construction and gravel mining. Flooding periods along the Allier have a longer duration (maximum of 202 days as opposed to 38 days for the Loire). The main comparison was between floodplain grasslands along the two rivers. Additional comparisons were made between relatively high lying, wetter areas (‘ridges’) and low lying, drier areas (‘swales’) within both floodplains. Thus, areas with different soil moisture content were examined, independent of river influences. The availability of P was higher in the Allier floodplain than in the Loire floodplain, but it was similar between ridges and swales. It was concluded that P-availability was not related to soil wetness, but to river sedimentation. Plant production, plant nutrient uptake, and biologically mediated soil processes, such as N-mineralization and nitrification, were all higher on the wetter Allier floodplain and in the wetter swales. These higher process rates were noted where higher amounts of soil bound carbon and nutrients were found as well. Plant production, N-mineralization and nitrification were moisture limited at the dry ridge on the Loire floodplain, as moisture levels were below the wilting point here (pF>4.2). On the wetter parts of the floodplain, plant production was N-limited. This was concluded from low tissue N/P ratios (about 10) and a positive relation between plant production and N-mineralization. On the wetter parts, the rate of N-mineralization depended on the size of soil organic-N pools. The size of these pools was positively related to soil wetness, which can be interpreted as a positive effect of river flooding. Reduced flooding lowers the nutrient input to floodplains and contributes to the occurrence of soil desiccation in summer, which results in lower nutrient cycling and reduced accumulation of soil organic matter. These effects have negative consequences for important floodplain functions, such as nutrient retention and biomass production. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光照水电站水库淹没区古树及珍稀植物抢救移栽

按国家环境保护部的要求,淹没区的大古树和珍稀植物移栽的地点以水电站营地为宜,这样,有利于树木移栽后的管理维护,也能保证树木移栽后的成活率.经调查分析,光照水电站营地在北盘江谷地中,海拔高度和气候土壤条件与需移栽植物的生长地的环境相近,淹没区的大古树及珍稀植物移栽到工程营地是可行的.大古树和珍稀植物移栽到营地后还有利于电...