Mo离子注入对纯铜表面纳米层稳定性的影响

采用表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)对纯铜进行表面改性,通过金属蒸汽真空弧离子注入技术在纳米表层注入Mo离子。利用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察SMAT处理效果,表面存在纳米层和变形层,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)表征纳米层的晶粒尺寸。结果表明:晶粒尺寸得到了显著的抑制,表面纳米层的晶粒在退火后长大到163nm,而注入了Mo离子的只长大到72nm。此外,SMAT并离子注入后材料表面的硬度仅达到SMAT试样的3.5倍,是纯Cu基体硬度的7倍左右。Mo离子的分散和由SMAT及离子注入引入晶体缺陷的反应促使了这些优化现象的产生。     

304不锈钢表面纳米化层的组织和性能

采用表面机械研磨技术(SMAT)对304不锈钢进行表面纳米化处理,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜和显微硬度仪对处理后的不锈钢表面层组织进行表征,并在不同温度下对表面纳米组织的热稳定性进行研究。结果显示,经过SMAT后,表面获得了约436μm厚度的变形层,表面晶粒尺寸约为80nm;在SMAT处理过程中发生了应变诱发马氏体相变;表层晶粒的细化能显著提高组织的显微硬度;当保温温度在550℃以下时,表层纳米组织具有良好的稳定性,当温度超过600℃时晶粒显著长大。     

机械研磨金属表面纳米化的研究进展

在表面机械处理(SMAT)方式下,材料表面可以通过强烈塑性变形而实现纳米化,获得表面为纳米晶、晶粒尺寸沿厚度方向逐渐增大的梯度结构。表面纳米化可以使材料表面硬度提高且整体力学性能得到改善。同时材料表面活性得到极大地提高,为进一步化学处理提供良好的条件。从SMAT的基本原理、制备技术、纳米化机理、结构性能和化学处理等方面介绍了表面机械纳米化研究工作已取得的进展。     

SMAT技术在油气输送管线焊后处理中的应用展望

概述了表面机械研磨技术(SMAT)的原理和研究现状,分析了SMAT技术特点,结合油气输送管线的生产及服役要求,分别就SMAT技术在改善油气输送管线焊接接头表面微观组织结构、提高油气输送管线焊接接头高低周疲劳性能、改善油气输送管线焊接接头残余应力分布和提高管线钢基体与防腐层结合能力等方面的应用进行了展望,认为SMAT技术在油气输送管线焊后处理中的应用具有广阔的前景.     

0Cr18Ni9Ti钢焊接接头表面纳米化及接头抗H2S应力腐蚀性能的研究

为了提高不锈钢焊接接头的组织均匀性及其抗H2S应力腐蚀性能,采用超音速颗粒轰击(Supersonic Particles Bombarding缩写为(SSPB))技术对0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢焊接接头表面进行处理,利用金相显微镜和透射电镜对材料表面的微观组织进行了分析.利用X射线应力衍射仪对纳米化后的式样进行残余应力分析,抗硫化氢应力腐蚀试验按照GB4157-84标准执行.结果表明,经超音速颗粒轰击处理可以使样品表层晶粒细化至纳米量级,表层晶粒尺寸平均为10.4 nm,而且表层组织得到均一化.试验证实抗H2S应力腐蚀性能得到显著提高.     

超音速微粒轰击38CrSi钢表面纳米化的研究

采用超音速微粒轰击技术(Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding,SFPB)对调质态合金钢38CrSi进行表面纳米化处理;利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等分析技术研究不同工艺条件下表面纳米化层的微观组织结构特征.结果表明:经SFPB处理后,材料表层组织严重细化,并形成了纳米结构层(晶粒尺寸＜100nm),随处理时间的延长,最表面纳米晶的尺寸变化不大,纳米结构层的厚度有所增加;当处理时间为240s时,在最表面层形成了平均晶粒尺寸约为16nm的具有随机取向的等轴纳米晶.纳米结构层的晶粒尺寸随着距表面距离的增加而增大.在距表面约25μm处,存在着大量的由位错线和高密度的位错缠结分割的胞块,尺寸为80～100nm;分析表明位错运动是表面纳米化的主要原因.     

X80管线钢焊缝接头的耐蚀性研究

为研究X80管线钢焊接接头不同部位在碱性土壤溶液中的耐腐蚀性,利用极化曲线、电化学阻抗(EIS)法分别研究了X80管线钢基体(BM)、热影响区(HAZ)和焊缝(WM)的耐蚀性能,并利用XRD分别测量了其晶粒尺寸。结果表明:BM的腐蚀电位最大,腐蚀电流密度最小,即耐腐蚀性最好。与BM相比,HAZ和WM的耐腐蚀性依次降低;晶粒尺寸按BM相似文献   

镁合金焊接接头表面自纳米化及其疲劳性能研究现状与展望

焊接接头表面纳米化解决了决定焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的内在因素之间的矛盾,在细化接头表面晶粒的同时,使基体保持粗晶状态,因而是提高焊接接头疲劳性能的一种有效方法。综述了镁合金表面自纳米化机理及研究现状,分析了表面自纳米化技术在改善镁合金焊接接头疲劳性能方面的研究概况,指出从镁合金焊接接头表面自纳米化的角度开展镁合金焊接接头疲劳性能改善研究具有重要意义。最后,对今后应用表面自纳米化技术改善镁合金焊接接头疲劳性能的研究方向做了展望。     

超音速微粒轰击45钢表面纳米化的研究

采用超音速微粒轰击技术(SFPB)对由铁素体和珠光体组成的45钢进行表面纳米化处理,在材料表面制备了纳米结构表层,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等分析技术研究了表面纳米结构层不同深度的微观组织结构特征.研究表明:经SFPB处理后,材料表层发生了严重的塑性变形,形成了由铁素体和渗碳体组成的纳米结构层;随着处理时间的增加纳米结构层的厚度由几微米增加到15 μm(晶粒尺寸＜100 nm);在材料的最表层形成了晶粒尺寸约15 nm的具有随机取向的等轴晶,纳米晶粒尺寸随着距表面距离的增加增大;在距表面约为15 μm处,存在平均晶粒尺寸约100 nm的等轴晶和具有相近尺寸的胞状结构;在约30 μm处,大量的高密度位错墙分别将铁素体相和珠光体相分割成尺寸在200～500 nm的胞状结构.分析表明45钢表面纳米化主要是位错运动的结果.     

激光冲击对X70焊接接头慢拉伸电化学腐蚀的影响

为了改善X70管线钢焊接接头慢拉伸电化学腐蚀性能,用激光冲击波对X70管线钢焊接接头表面进行强化处理.采用慢应变速率拉伸法分析了X70管线钢焊接接头,在不同H2S浓度的NACE溶液(0.5%HAC+5%NaCl)中电化学腐蚀行为,测试了激光冲击处理前后X70管线钢焊接接头腐蚀电位,讨论了激光冲击处理对X70管线钢焊接接头腐蚀电位和断口形貌的影响.实验结果表明,激光冲击处理改善了X70管线钢焊接接头腐蚀性能,其SCC敏感性指数Iscc降低了6%.经激光冲击处理后试样自然腐蚀电位正移,极化电阻逐渐增大,其耐蚀性比原始状态有所提高.     

Improved Fatigue Behavior of Pipeline Steel Welded Joint by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT)

A pipeline steel X80 with welded joint was subjected to surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT).After SMAT,a nanostructure surface layer with an average grain size of about 10 nm was formed in the treated sample,and the fatigue limit of the welded joint was elevated by about 13% relative to the untreated joints.In the low and the high amplitude stress regimes,both fatigue strength and fatigue life were enhanced.Formation of the nanostructured surface layer played more important role in the enhanced fat...     

Pack boronizing of AISI H11 tool steel: Role of surface mechanical attrition treatment

The role of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on pack boronizing of AISI H11 type tool steel is addressed. SMAT induced plastic deformation, enabled nanocrystallization at the surface, reduced the grain size and increased the volume fraction of non-equilibrium gain boundaries, increased the accumulation of defects and dislocations at the grain boundaries and within the grains. These features helped to promote the diffusion of boron during boronizing and increased the case depth and hardness of the borided layer. Duplex treatment on SMATed H11 steel samples helps to achieve a higher case depth when compared to the single stage treatment. The findings of the study suggest that SMAT can be used as a pre-treatment for boronizing of H11 tool steel.     

Aluminizing Low Carbon Steel at Lower Temperatures

This study reports the significantly enhanced aluminizing behaviors of a low carbon steel at temperatures far below the austenitizing temperature,with a nanostructured surface layer produced by surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT).A much thicker iron aluminide compound layer with a much enhanced growth kinetics of η-Fe2Al5 in the SMAT sample has been observed relative to the coarse-grained steel sample.Compared to the coarse-grained sample,a weakened texture is formed in the aluminide layer in the S...     

Influence of Surface Nano-structured Treatment on Pack Boriding of H13 Steel

In order to lower the boriding temperature of hot work steel H13, method of surface mechanical attrition treatment （SMAT）, which can make the grain size of the surface reach nano-scale, was used before pack boriding. The growth of the boride layer was studied in a function of boriding temperature and time. By TEM （transmission electron microscopy）, SEM （scanning electron microscopy）, XRD （x-ray diffraction） and microhardness tests, the grain size, thermal stability of the nano-structured （NS） surface and the thickness,appearance, phases of the surface boride layer were studied. Kinetic of boriding was compared between untreated samples and treated samples. Results showed that after SMAT, the boride layer was thicker and the hardness gradient was smoother. Furthermore, after boriding at a low temperature of 700℃ for 8 h, a boride layer of about 5 μm formed on the NS surface. This layer was toothlike and wedged into the substrate, which made the surface layer combine well with the substrate. The phase of the boride layer was Fe2B. Research on boriding kinetics indicated that the activation energy was decreased for the treated samples.     

表面纳米化对316L不锈钢性能的影响

对316L不锈钢进行表面机械研磨处理(SMAT),研究表面组织变化对其硬度和在0.5 mol/LNaCl介质中腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:通过SMAT可以在316L不锈钢表面制备出纳米结构层,随着处理时间的增加,表面纳米晶组织逐渐由单一的奥氏体相过渡到奥氏体与马氏体两相共存;表面纳米化和马氏体相变能够明显地提高316L不锈钢的表层硬度,使表面粗糙度略有下降;表面机械研磨处理降低了316L不锈钢在0.5mol/L NaCl腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性能.因为316L不锈钢表面纳米晶组织容易钝化,形成的钝化膜不稳定,提高了溶解速度.     

Effect of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on microhardness,surface roughness and wettability of AISI 316L

Surface roughness and wettability are among the surface properties which determine the service lifetime of materials. Mechanical treatments subjected to the surface layer of materials are often performed to obtain the desired surface properties and to enhance the mechanical strength of materials. In this paper, the surface microhardness, roughness and wettability of AISI 316L stainless steel resulting from surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) are discussed. The SMAT was conducted with various processing parameters, including the duration of treatment, the number and diameter of milling ball, and the motor speed of the SMAT machine. The result indicates an increasing surface microhardness due to the SMAT. A harder surface is yielded by the SMAT with a longer duration, a bigger and a larger number of milling balls, and a higher vibration frequency. The SMAT also creates craters on the steel surfaces which correspond to the increasing roughness from 0.046 μm to the values in ranging from 0.681 to 0.909 μm. The change on the surface roughness by the SMAT does not only depend on the duration of treatment, but also the other processing parameters. In addition, the wettability of AISI 316L surface slightly increases by the SMAT as seen on the decreasing droplet contact angle from 88.6° to the values ranging from 74.4° to 87.0°. Such a droplet contact angle reduction is related to the increasing surface roughness after the SMAT. In conclusion, this study reveals the possibility of the SMAT to be used for surface properties optimization in addition to the strength enhancement of stainless steel.     

Surface nanocrystallization of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: microstructural and mechanical characterization

In this study, microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, before and after the SMA treatment (SMAT) as well as the duplex SMAT/Nitriding process at different treatment conditions, were investigated in order to deepen the knowledge of these properties for biomedical devices. For that purpose, tribological (wear resistance, coefficient of friction) and mechanical (Vickers microhardness) tests were performed. To carry out the microstructural and surface topographical characterization of the samples, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the 3D-SEM reconstruction from stereoscopic images have been used. By means of profiles deduced from the 3D images, the surface roughness has been calculated. The obtained results allowed to find an interesting SMAT condition which, followed by nitriding at low temperature, can greatly improve tribological and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. It was also shown from SEM characterization and the original method of 3D-SEM reconstruction, that SMAT can reduce the machined grooves and consequently the roughness of the samples decreases. Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time, that instead of usual etching method, the ionic polishing allowed to reveal the grains, the grain boundaries and the twins as well as the surface nanocrystalline layer generated by SMAT. Thus, the thickness of the SMATed layer decreases with the nitriding temperature, whereas the surface grain size increases.     

Strain-induced Microstructure Refinement in a Tool Steel Subjected to Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment

A nanostructured surface layer has been fabricated on an AISI H13 tool steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Strain-induced refinement processes of ferrite grains and carbide particles have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the SMAT surface layer. Grain refinement of ferrite is found to be dominated by dislocation activities and greatly facilitated by a large number of carbide particles at a depth >20μm. The comparisons with microstructure refinement processes in other SMAT ferrite steels indicate that a larger volume fraction of carbide particles with a lower shear strength is expected to facilitate the refinement process of ferrite grains.     

Surface Nanocrystallization of Commercial Pure Titanium Induced by SMAT and Its Properties

In this paper the preparation technique of surface nanocrystallization in commercial pure titanium was carried out by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The mean grain size was calculated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the results showed that the mean grain size of the surface was refined to nm Ievel after SMAT treatment. Nanocrystallized surface layers were formed after treated for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. Microhardness experimental results implied the microhardness obviously increased on the surface layer and it also showed the variation of microhardness at the cross section. Corrosion test results showed the corrosion resistance of the surfaces in the original commercial pure titanium treated by SMAT was not improved in HCI solution. The corrosion micrographs were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

Mechanical and Wear Properties of Nanostructured Surface Layer in Iron Induced by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment

A porosity-free and contamination-free surface layer with grain sizes ranging from nanometer to micrometer in Fe samples was obtained by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) technique. Mechanical and wear properties of the surface layer in the SMATed and annealed Fe samples were measured by means of nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests, respectively. Experimental results showed that the hardness of the surface layer in the SMATed Fe sample increased evidently due to the grain refinement. The elastic moduli of the surface layers in the SMATed and annealed Fe samples were unchanged, independent of grain size in the present grain size regime. Compared with the original Fe sample, the wear resistance enhanced and the coefficient of friction decreased in the surface layer of the SMATed Fe sample.