X射线光电子能谱分析电工钢板铬酸盐涂层中铬形态

使用X射线光电子能谱(XPS),对电工钢板铬酸盐涂层中的元素组成及铬元素的价态进行了研究,并对其形成机理进行了探讨。结果表明,涂层中主要含有Cr、O、Mg、Al、B以及C元素。在给定的处理工艺条件下,铬酸盐涂层钢板中铬元素主要是以Cr2O3,CrO3形态存在,在检测中没有发现零价铬。     

X射线光电子能谱分析电工钢板铬酸盐涂层中铬形态

使用X射线光电子能谱(XPS),对电工钢板铬酸盐涂层中的元素组成及铬元素的价态进行了研究,并对其形成机理进行了探讨。结果表明,涂层中主要含有Cr、O、Mg、Al、B以及C元素。在给定的处理工艺条件下,铬酸盐涂层钢板中铬元素主要是以Cr2O3,CrO3形态存在,在检测中没有发现零价铬。     

电流密度对镀锡板钝化膜厚度、成分及膜中铬元素的影响

镀锡板钝化过程中的电流密度对钝化膜的性能影响较大,同时膜的性能又与厚度、成分、Cr元素含量等因素相关。实验通过改变镀锡板钝化膜生成过程中的钝化电流密度,探究电流密度对生成的钝化膜的厚度和成分的影响,并使用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对在此电流密度下得到的钝化膜中Cr元素的组元和价态进行分析。结果表明在电流密度由3A/dm~2变为0.5A/dm2时:钝化膜厚度变薄,钝化膜中Sn元素含量增加,Cr元素含量减小;钝化膜中Cr元素的组元均由单质Cr、Cr_2O_3、Cr(OH)_3构成且不发生变化,但各价态组分的相对含量发生改变,低价态Cr含量降低,高价态Cr含量升高;镀锡板钝化膜组成成分呈现层状分布。     

镀锡板抗硫性能及钝化膜附着力随时间的变化规律

针对镀锡板的抗硫性及钝化膜附着力随时间延长发生变化的现象,选取两个不同厂家钝化后的镀锡板,采用电化学方法测试钝化膜中铬含量随时间的变化规律,同时使用XPS方法测试了钝化膜结构随时间变化的情况。结果认为,Cr(OH)_3随时间延长而发生水解是导致镀锡板钝化膜中铬含量变化的主要原因。通过优化钝化工艺,降低Cr(OH)_3的含量,可有效提高钝化膜的稳定性,进而提高镀锡板的抗硫性以及其与漆膜间的附着力。     

钝化膜对镀锡板漆膜结合力的影响

通过化学溶解+ICP法、X射线光电子能谱分析法研究了钝化膜的组成及结构,确认铬酸盐钝化膜中含有Cr_2O_3、Cr(OH)_3、Cr和Cr(Ⅵ),不同镀锡板钝化膜的差异主要在总Cr量以及各组分之间的比例,这种差异对常规附着力测试无影响,但在电解脱膜测试时有明显差异。分析认为镀锡板与漆膜的结合存在机械附着和化学附着,在涂料流动性及固化条件良好的情况下,机械附着足以保证漆膜结合力,钝化膜影响不大;当漆膜有破损时且有水或液体存在时则需要依靠钝化膜来保证漆膜结合力。     

环氧酚醛涂料印铁工艺对镀锡板附着力影响的正交研究

采用三因素三水平正交试验,研究环氧酚醛涂料不同膜厚,不同一烘温度及过烘温度对钝化电流电量密度为70/115 C/ft~2、镀锡量为2.8 g/m~2的镀锡基板附着力的影响。使用涂层脱落量评价附着力的优劣,并使用XPS对镀锡板钝化膜结构进行分析。结果表明:膜厚对附着力影响最大,过烘温度影响次之,一烘温度影响最小;钝化膜中Cr(OH)_3含量较高是其附着力较低的原因。试验结果为下游印铁厂印铁工艺调整提供了依据。     

镀锡板的电化学剥离及其耐蚀性研究

镀锡板是指两面镀有一层极薄金属锡的冷轧薄钢板,它将钢的硬度和强度与锡的抗腐蚀性和光亮的外表集于一体。实验用电化学法将镀锡板的钝化膜、纯锡层、合金层逐层剥离,通过阴极极化曲线、交流阻抗等电化学技术研究其电化学性能,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察剥离后各层的表面形貌,用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对镀锡板铬酸盐钝化膜中铬元素的价态进行了分析。结果表明,电化学法剥离的效果十分理想,可以用于镀锡板表面不同层的形貌观察,同时还可以用于镀锡板的耐蚀机理研究。除掉钝化膜后,腐蚀电流密度从1.48 μA/cm²增大到3.5 μA/cm²,除掉纯锡层后,腐蚀电流密度从3.5 μA/cm²增大到18 μA/cm²,镀锡板良好的耐腐蚀性主要来源于纯锡层和钝化膜的作用。镀锡板铬酸盐钝化膜中铬元素主要以氢氧化铬、金属铬和三氧化二铬等形态存在。     

无Cr自润滑膜的Zn—Ni预涂钢板

常规镀锌钢板所使用的铬酸盐处理对擦伤和其它受损部位的耐蚀层具有很好的自我修复作用,但由于铬酸盐膜中含有不环保的六价铬,欧洲到2 0 0 7年,将完全禁止其使用,因而,必须开发无Cr型涂层产品。为适应这个要求,川崎制铁开发了一种无铬型自润滑性涂镀层产品。该产品有如下特性:(1)涂层绝对不含铬;4 μm厚的润滑膜保证了良好的冲压成形性,冲压过程中不用涂油,并且在成形后有良好的外观和耐蚀性。(2 )与常规铬酸盐处理自润滑钢板相比较,摩擦系数减少一半,显示出优异的润滑性。(3)试验显示新产品有优异的润滑性,极限拉延压力比常规铬酸盐处理自…     

XPS在冷轧镀锡板表面及深度剖析分析中的应用

通过XPS实验,镀锡板表面由C、O、Cr、Sn等元素组成,且C以C—C、C—O和C O组成,Cr主要以Cr_2O_3组成,Sn以金属Sn和SnO_2组成,验证了镀锡板表面油膜、钝化膜和氧化膜组成,实现了对镀锡板产品进行表面钝化膜和氧化膜成分及结构分析。     

制备工艺对粉末冶金FeCrNi中熵合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

分别采用包套热挤压和热压烧结法制备FeCrNi中熵合金,研究制备工艺对合金组织结构及耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：采用热挤压工艺制备的FeCrNi中熵合金平均晶粒尺寸为13μm,且存在粗大的退火孪晶,而热压烧结工艺制备的FeCrNi中熵合金晶粒组织更细小,平均晶粒尺寸为6μm。在0.5mol/L H₂SO₄+2×10^-6 mol/L HF溶液中,热压烧结FeCrNi中熵合金表现出更好的耐蚀性,即更高的击穿电位(0.979V)、更低的腐蚀电流密度(7.68×10^-6 A/cm²)以及更宽的钝化区ΔE(1.011 V)。热挤压FeCrNi中熵合金钝化膜中Cr元素主要以Cr(OH)₃形式存在,而热压烧结FeCrNi中熵合金钝化膜中Cr元素主要以Cr₂O₃形式存在。这是因为热压烧结FeCrNi中熵合金的细晶组织具有高密度晶界,能够为Cr提供更多扩散通道,从而促进钝化膜中Cr₂O₃的...     

熔炼次数对M17返回料合金成分、组织和性能的影响

实验结果表明,M17铸造高温合金(%:0.16C、8.79Cr、5.79A1、4.93Ti、3.29Mo、15.20Co、0.78V、0.015B、0.073Zr、0.002S、0.001P、0.001 1O、0.001 0N)经25 kg真空感应炉返回重熔后,Si含量随重熔次数的增加而略有增加,合金中主要元素和其它杂质元素S、P、H的含量变化不大,而氧、氮略有增加;合金中初生碳化物由新合金中的草书体逐渐向返回合金块状转变,初生碳化物的遗传性堵塞合金凝固时的补缩通道,使返回料合金的疏松倾向增大,高温塑性下降较大。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.