改进蚁群算法求解绿色周期性车辆路径问题北大核心CSCD

针对带时间窗的绿色周期性车辆路径问题(GPVRPTW),同时以最小化运输时间和总能耗为优化目标,提出一种改进蚁群算法(IACO)进行求解。首先,IACO采用三维概率矩阵记录不同配送日期的车辆路径子问题的优质解信息,并设计基于信息熵的信息素更新机制进行合理地学习和积累,从而增强算法全局搜索的引导性;其次,引入基于5种邻域操作的变邻域搜索以提高算法的局部搜索能力;最后,在不同规模问题上进行仿真实验与算法对比,结果验证了IACO的有效性。     

基于Spark的改进蚁群算法对带时间窗车辆路径问题的求解

为应对大数据时代对带时间窗车辆路径问题（VRPTW）的实时求解要求,提出基于Spark平台的改进蚁群算法.在算法层面,利用改进的状态转移规则和轮盘赌选择机制构建初始解,结合k-opt邻域搜索进行路径构建优化,改进最大最小蚁群算法中的信息素更新策略;在实现层面,利用Spark提供的API对蚁群RDD进行操作,实现蚁群分布式并行求解.在标准算例Solomon benchmark和Gehring&Homberger benchmark的实验结果表明,该算法在大规模问题的求解精度和速度上有明显提升.     

基于变邻域蚁群算法的自动光学检测路径规划

在确定取像窗口最少数量及其约束移动范围的前提下,为解决蚁群算法用于自动光学检测路径规划存在的问题,提出一种基于变邻域蚁群算法的自动光学检测路径规划方法。针对蚁群算法收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优解的问题,提出含有3种邻域结构的变邻域路径搜索方法,改进蚁群算法以快速获得质量优异的可优化路径;针对取像窗口位置可调整的问题,提出变邻域窗口位置调整方法,进一步改善可优化路径,获得最短路径。实验结果表明,该算法比基本的蚁群算法具有更高的求解效率和求解质量,有效提升了自动光学检测系统的在线检测效率。     

基于ACS-GA算法的车辆路径问题研究

物流配送车辆路径问题是智能交通和商业物流领域中一个重要研究方面。合理规划车辆的行驶路线,减少配送里程,降低物流成本,对提高经济效益具有重要意义。重点分析了带时间窗的物流配送车辆路径问题,建立了兼顾配送时间与配送距离最短的改进数学模型。提出了基于蚁群系统算法和遗传算法相融合的混合算法。该算法利用蚁群系统算法得到初始解,运用遗传算法中复制、交叉、变异操作对解的种群多样性进行扩充,克服了蚁群系统算法的早熟现象,增强了算法的全局搜索能力。基于标准数据集的实验结果表明,该算法与其他优化方法相比较,具有较好的搜索车辆路径最优解的能力。     

基于混沌扰动和邻域交换的蚁群算法求解车辆路径问题

为求解车辆路径问题,提出一种新的基于混沌扰动和邻域交换的蚁群算法。针对标准蚁群算法存在搜索时间长,容易出现早熟收敛,得到的解不是最优解等缺点,新算法利用混沌的随机性、遍历性及规律性,在算法陷入早熟时,对小部分路径的信息素采用混沌扰动策略进行调整;针对标准蚁群算法的贪心规则随机性缺点,新算法采用邻域交换策略对最优解进行调整。在用于求解不同规模车辆路径问题的仿真结果表明,新算法比标准蚁群算法和遗传算法具有更好的效果。     

改进蚁群算法求解有时间窗的物流配送路径问题

物流配送车辆路径优化问题已被证明是一个NP难题,很难得到最优解。应用蚁群算法对带时间窗的物流车辆路径优化问题进行了算法设计,建立了车辆路径优化问题的蚁群算法数学模型及解决方案。通过对蚁群算法的分析,提出了改进的蚁群算法,并结合实例对该算法进行测试和分析,检验其有效性,结果表明了改进蚁群算法的可行性,符合实际的需要。     

基于混合算法的带时间窗车辆路径问题

使用改进蚁群算法结合大规模邻域搜索算法解决带时窗限制的车辆路径问题.首先对蚁群算法信息素及算法结构进行分析及改进,并提出了新的解题策略,由此得到可行解;然后在区域改善部分用邻域搜索算法进一步提高解的性能.给出混合算法计算Solomon100国际标准题库问题的结果,并与同类方法的文献最优解进行比较.     

电商退换货车辆路径问题及蚁群算法研究

为了整合电子商务环境下物流企业的正、逆向物流,依据实际情况建立了带软时间窗和退换货的车辆路径规划模型,并且设计了一种混合变邻域改进蚁群算法来求解此类问题。在基本蚁群算法的基础上,在初始信息素的设置、状态转移规则以及信息素的更新策略上,根据所研究问题的特点做了相应的改进。同时,结合混合变邻域算法提高了算法的搜索能力。通过对相关文献数据、标准算例以及实际企业数据实验,验证了所提出算法具有较好的性能,是求解所提出问题的一种有效算法。     

基于改进蚁群算法的物流配送路径优化

随着社会的不断进步,配送车辆最短路径优化问题已广泛应用于交通运输、网络购物、物流配送等与生产生活息息相关的问题,然而配送车辆路径优化的计算比较复杂.文中建立在带约束条件的多车辆物流配送问题模型的基础上,运用改进的蚁群算法解决物流配送过程中的路径选择问题.通过对信息索的全局和局部更新规则进行改进,和传统的最值蚁群算法进行比较,算法的收敛速度和全局搜索能力得到提高.文中最后成功将改进后的蚁群算法应用于多车辆物流调度路径优化问题.结果表明该优化算法性能受优.     

基于MATLAB的混合型蚁群算法求解车辆路径问题

蚁群算法是受自然界中蚁群搜索食物行为启发而提出的一种智能优化算法,通过介绍蚁群觅食过程中基于信息素的最短路径的搜索策略,给出了基于M ATLAB的蚁群算法在车辆路径问题中的应用,针对蚁群算法存在的过早收敛问题,加入2-opt方法对问题求解进行了局部优化,计算机仿真结果表明,这种混合型蚁群算法对求解车辆路径问题有较好的改进效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.