Fast computation of the difference of low-pass transform

This paper defines the difference of low-pass (DOLP) transform and describes a fast algorithm for its computation. The DOLP is a reversible transform which converts an image into a set of bandpass images. A DOLP transform is shown to require O(N2) multiplies and produce O(N log(N)) samples from an N sample image. When Gaussian low-pass filters are used, the result is a set of images which have been convolved with difference of Gaussian (DOG) filters from an exponential set of sizes. A fast computation technique based on ``resampling' is described and shown to reduce the DOLP transform complexity to O(N log(N)) multiplies and O(N) storage locations. A second technique, ``cascaded convolution with expansion,' is then defined and also shown to reduce the computational cost to O(N log(N)) multiplies. Combining these two techniques yields an algorithm for a DOLP transform that requires O(N) storage cells and requires O(N) multiplies.     

Frontiers of the Gauge Principle and the Unit of Charge

It is shown that the gauge principle (to be traced back to potential difference) displays a new facet as one approaches the Planck-wall: availability of naked alternatives (symbolized as (—) or (—)), (due to "squeezing" by scaleless regime). Their pairing into binarities (of the type (·, )) is interpreted as an emergence of quanta of information (self-referent qubits to be traced back to the confrontation part-totality inherent to the context of physical measurement). Primordial charges appear through a coating of qubits via stochastic diffusion (blowing up the enclosed information). A geometrical modelization (based on symmetry breaking) is provided, and a principle of logical self-complementation (leading to pairing) is proposed as an asymptote to the gauge principle. The flow of information (interpretable as time-flow), is sourced as a current (shift of mass-units) on the Planck-wall.     

Vague故障诊断方法在振动故障诊断中的应用

提出模糊数据[hij]化成Vague数据[hij]的转化公式：[Ki(hj)=hij=[tij,1-fij]=(hij)2,(hij)1/2],以及Vague集[H]和[G]之间的相似度量公式：[Mm(H,G)=1ni=1n3-f(m)hi-f(m)gi-c(m)hi-c(m)gi-d(m)hi-d(m)gi3+f(m)hi-f(m)gi+c(m)hi-c(m)gi+d(m)hi-d(m)gi]。应用Vague故障诊断方法,进行汽轮发电机组的振动故障诊断,其效果是理想的。     

Geometry of the Kimura-Georgiou parametrization of modelling filters

We discuss questions concerning the geometry of the Kimura-Georgiou para-metrizalion of the set ( + (n) of degree n positive real transfer functions with the first n coefficients in the Laurent expansion about infinity prescribed. For example, one interesting question which has been raised is whether this set is star-shaped about the maximum entropy solution. This, of course, would be implied by convexity and would imply that,( plus;(n) is diffeomorphic to euclidean n-space. All three of these geometric properties would be of interest, for example, when using geometric or optimization techniques to construct an n-dimensional modelling filter with variations about the maximum entropy filter. Our first main result, which also lends support to conjectures concerning convexity and star-shapedness, is that. ( plus;(n) is in fact diffeomorphic to euclidean n-space. Our proof makes use of certain results from differential topology. There are of course several intimate relations between positive reality and stability properties of both real and complex polynomials. On this basis we observe that the convexity of the parametrization implies the convexity of the set of real Schur polynomials of degree n and is implied by the convexity of the set of complex Schur polynomials of degree n. From this it immediately follows that ( plus;(n) is not convex for n ≥ 3 and that. ( plus;(n) is convex and hence star-shaped. The case n = 2 is especially interesting since the real Schur region is convex whereas the complex is not. Another of our main results is to refine the above observations to settle this question in general, showing that for n ≥ 3 there is an open set of Schur parameters for which, ( plus;(n) fails to be star-shaped about the maximum entropy filter.     

Moments of conjugacy classes of binary words

For each nonempty binary word w=c₁c₂c_q, where c_i{0,1}, the nonnegative integer ∑_i=1^q (q+1−i)c_i is called the moment of w and is denoted by M(w). Let [w] denote the conjugacy class of w. Define M([w])={M(u): u[w]}, N(w)={M(u)−M(w): u[w]} and δ(w)=max{M(u)−M(v): u,v[w]}. Using these objects, we obtain equivalent conditions for a binary word to be an -word (respectively, a power of an -word). For instance, we prove that the following statements are equivalent for any binary word w with |w|2: (a) w is an -word, (b) δ(w)=|w|−1, (c) w is a cyclic balanced primitive word, (d) M([w]) is a set of |w| consecutive positive integers, (e) N(w) is a set of |w| consecutive integers and 0N(w), (f) w is primitive and [w]St.     

物联网软件体系结构中的感执模型的求精

物联网的基本功能是感知物理环境,并根据实时的感知信息和用户的执行需求实现对物理环境的控制.因此,感执模块是物联网软件的核心模块.为最终将软件体系结构应用于物联网软件的开发,在基于物理模型的物联网软件体系结构（physical-model driven software architecture,简称PMDA）研究的基础上,对PMDA 中的感执模型SEM进行求精,求精后的感执模型称为R-SEM.R-SEM 考虑了物联网的特有属性,将SEM的内部构件按照物理应用的感执工作流程分解为用通信顺序进程（communication sequential process,简称CSP）表达的子构件来说明构件端口的功能实现,并采用CSP 中的导管运算符来说明子构件的端口与构件的端口之间的同步,通过CSP 描述了子构件与子构件之间的交互.使用进程分析工具（process analysis toolkit,简称PAT）对R-SEM 进行了验证.验证结果表明：R-SEM 中子构件之间的交互、子构件的端口与构件的端口之间的同步保持了SEM 所具有的保证物理应用之间有效互联的性质——不死锁、不中止和不发散.由于R-SEM 精化了SEM 的内部组成,且保持了SEM 的有效互联性质,因此,R-SEM 对最终将PMDA 应用于物联网软件的开发具有实际的指导意义.     

复杂目标的近场RCS估算

为了预估复杂目标的近场雷达散射截面(RCS),通过图形电磁计算方法(GRECO)来求得复杂目标远场散射中心的雷达散射截面,采用z-buffer遮挡消隐技术来提取面元远场散射中心的位置,然后给出一种预估复杂目标近场RCS的方法.在雷达天线与目标之间的距离不是太近的情况下,通过仿真目标的远场和近场RCS的分布情况,并对其结果进行比较分析.可以证明该方法计算出来的近场RCS是有效的、准确的,可以应用到实际工程中去分析和解决问题.     

Pointwise stabilizability of families of linear time-invariantplants

The topic of (robust) pointwise stabilizability of families of linear time-invariant (LTI) plants arising from unstructured modeling uncertainty is addressed. The results presented extend some earlier work and show that there is no advantage in using general nonlinear time-varying (NLTV) controllers over LTI ones for certain problems of (robust) pointwise stabilization     

Inference of structures of models of probabilistic dependences from statistical data

Problems of reconstruction of structures of probabilistic dependence models in the class of directed (oriented) acyclic graphs (DAGs) and mono-flow graphs are considered. (Mono-flow graphs form a subclass of DAGs in which the cycles with one collider are prohibited.) The technique of induced (provoked) dependences is investigated and its application to the identification of structures of models is shown. The algorithm “Collifinder-M” is developed that identifies all collider variables (i.e., solves an intermediate problem of reconstruction of the structure of a mono-flow model). It is shown that a generalization of the technique of induced dependences makes it possible to strengthen well-known rules of identification of orientation of edges in a DAG model. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 6, pp. 19–31, November–December 2005.     

化工过程状态空间的维数判定准则

化工过程中存在多种状态，多变量过程可以在多维的状态空间中描述。在主元分析中，通过相关矩阵变换可以获得一组主元，选取其中分布占优的部分主元可以代表过程的原始变量，用来描述系统。PCA可以很好地实现过程降维，但是目前没有一种直接有效的方法来确定主元数目的选取。用以描述过程的原始变量间通常都是相关的。用以描述化工过程的变量有六大类：温度(T)、压力(P)、流量(F)、液位或者物料位(L)、组分种类(k)和物性(PA)。可以用一个目标函数描述状态：State=F(Lij,Nif,tij,Tij)。对此函数进行量纲分析，普通化工过程对应4个基本因次：长度(L)、物质量(N)、时间(t)和热力学温度(T)，因此目标函数可以表示为：State=F(Lij，Nij，Tij)。时间对于任何系统都是独立的，占一维；温度在集中参数流股中一致，占一维；系统物料可以用i个独立组分描述，占i维；系统存在于三维长度空间，L占j维(j≤3)。这样，状态空间的维数DN=2 i J。在单相稳态体系中，不考虑系统的几何长度和时间因素，那么，DN=i 1，此结果就是相律在单相体系中的自由度；在线性流股中J=1，稳态时不考虑时间，DN=i 2，此结果是Duhem定律的自由度。在理想流动的化工过程中，此准则可以用来确定PCA中主元数目的上限。选取了一个典型化工流程案例进行研究，此流程包括一个反应釜和一个塔。在反应单元中用6个变量描述，有2个独立组分，反应器稳态均匀分布，因此DN=2 1=3；PCA分析的结果，3个主元可以反映系统的97％信息。在分离单元，i=2，塔内径向分布均匀，稳态，DN=2 1 1=4；PCA中4个主元反应系统信息的98％。全流程，i=2，j=1，稳态，DN=2 1 1=4，PCA计算，4个主元反映全过程98％信息。有些场合会与此准则判定不一致，主要原因是噪声和非线性关系引起。噪声独立于正常操作，会导致空间维数增加。线性PCA对非线性描述的偏差也会导致信息的损失。     

A variant of heapsort with almost optimal number of comparisons

An algorithm, which asymptotically halves the number of comparisons made by the common Heapsort, is presented and analysed in the worst case. The number of comparisons is shown to be (n+1)(log(n+1)+log log(n+1)+1.82)+O(log n) in the worst case to sort n elements, without using any extra space. Quicksort, which usually is referred to as the fastest in-place sorting method, uses 1.38n log n − O(n) in the average case (see Gonnet (1984)).     

激光陀螺误差测试中非等精度问题的处理

在环形激光陀螺的误差测试中,一般采用时域方差(或A llan方差)方法来分辨各误差项。取得不同采样时间下的方差(或A llan方差)σ2(τ),将其与采样时间τ进行回归分析,便可以分辨出各误差项。采样时间τ较大时,计算σ2(τ)所依据的数据点较少,因而算得的σ2(τ)可信度较低。然而,当剔除τ较大的σ2(τ)后,拟合所用的点数又较少,导致拟合结果可信度降低。针对这一矛盾,提出了用加权回归模型来处理激光陀螺误差分析中的非等精度问题。     

Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization of Satellite Launch Vehicle Using Latin Hypercube Design of Experiments

The design of new Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) is of interest, especially when a combination of Solid and Liquid Propulsion is included. Proposed is a conceptual design and optimization technique for multistage Low Earth Orbit (LEO) bound SLV comprising of solid and liquid stages with the use of Genetic Algorithm (GA) as global optimizer. Convergence of GA is improved by introducing initial population based on the Design of Experiments (DOE) Technique. Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS)-DOE is used for its go...     

一种音频测距信号到达时刻估计方法

对音频测距信号到达时刻的精确估计是利用音频信号实现远距离无线传感器网络节点定位的关键。研究比较了几种常用的音频测距信号到达时刻估计方法,并提出了一种基于数字整流处理的到达时刻估计方法。它包括信噪比增强、去除直流分量、全波整流、低通滤波、到达时刻估计等过程。该方法在以dsPIC6014A单片机为控制器的节点进行了实验验证,测试结果表明:处理4 096点(12位量化)数据的计算时间约为1.5 s(10MHz时钟),30m距离处的时间值估计误差小于3.5%。     

一种基于人眼视觉特性的图像质量评价

图像质量评价的研究已成为图像信息工程的基础技术之一。由于图像的最终接受者是人，所以评价图像质量的关键在于其是否符合人类视觉系统特性。为了建立一种新的符合人眼视觉特性的图像质量评价方法，利用小波变换与人类视觉系统的多通道特性相匹配的特点，结合对比敏感度函数的带通特性，同时考虑计算的复杂性，给出了一种与人对图像质量评价保持良好一致的图像质量评价算法。实验结果表明，其评价结果与主观评价方法平均评价分数的相关系数达0．95，而对应的客观评价方法峰值信噪比与平均评价分数的相关系数为0．81。     

矩形弯曲隧道中电磁波的传输特性分析

由矩形弯曲隧道中电磁波沿水平方向极化模式的各场分量出发,应用边界条件得到了在弯曲隧道中电磁波传播的衰减率公式,从而得到了弯曲隧道中电磁波传播衰减率与弯曲半径之间的关系曲线和衰减率与频率之间的变化曲线。结果表明,弯曲的存在,极大地增加了电磁波传播的衰减率。在弯曲半径不变的情况下,当频率增加超过一定值时,衰减率会随着频率的增高而变大,而变化的幅度与弯曲半径有关,半径越小,衰减率增加得越快。在曲率半径较小时,频率越高,电磁波的衰减率越大,但当曲率半径大于一定数值时,则频率越高,电磁波的衰减率越小。     

常用宽带DOA估计聚焦算法的性能分析

建立了宽带阵列信号处理的模型,在此基础上,主要分析了宽带高分辨方位估计在不同聚焦矩阵下的几种相干信号子空间算法(CS)。进行了计算机仿真实验,在理论上分析和比较了各种方法的性能,并与克拉美—罗界(CRB)进行了比较。验证了宽带波达方向(DOA)估计算法的有效性。仿真结果表明:CSM算法的均方误差随着信噪比的增高而降低,特别是双边相干子空间方法(TCT),高信噪比条件下接近CRB。     

Control of coating properties of LDPE through melt strength measurements

Control of melt strength is proposed to indirectly regulate the neck-in in a twin screw extrusion process producing pellets of low density polyethylene. The melt strength is measured by passing the polymer strand leaving the extruder, through a system of pulleys connected to a balance. Two types of controllers were used, a conventional proportional integral (PI) and an model predictive controller (MPC). Both the simulation and experimental results indicated that the MPC outperformed the PI controller. The reason is that the model relating the manipulated variable (screw speed) to the controlled variable (melt strength) is of high order. MPC is especially suitable for controlling these types of systems.     

基于数据仓库的医院决策支持系统的研究与设计

在医院原有信息系统HIS的基础上,综合运用数据仓库（DW）、联机分析处理（OLAP）、数据挖掘（DM）等新兴技术,搭建了一个完整的医院决策支持系统。清楚简明的介绍了系统的体系结构和总体实现,并对DW、OLAP和DM等关键部件的设计作了详尽的探讨。     

Optimum design of structures composed of metal and composite materials

This paper describes a general program system in the optimum design of structures. The element library in the program system consists of a bar (BAR), a shear trapezoidal panel (STP), a constant strain triangle (CST), a plate linear isoparametric element (PLIE), and a beam element in a plane (BEAM). The structural design procedure is performed by combining finite element analysis and hybrid approximation technique with dual solutions. It is suitable for structures with various materials (metal, composite, etc.), especially the structures of the aircraft (wing, tail, fuselage, etc.). Five examples show that the computer program system is capable of generalized applicability.