相关匹配在轴承故障诊断技术中的应用

在分析传统轴承故障诊断方法不足的基础上,提出了基于相关匹配的滚动轴承故障诊断新方法。该方法使用滚动轴承故障冲击的动力学模型建立故障脉冲的解析模型,并以该模型作为匹配原子,采用谱峭度、峭度、平滑系数及相关系数方法对匹配模型进行了全方位的优化。该方法在一维时间域上以周期性的最优化脉冲模型,对轴承振动信号中等时间间隔的故障脉冲进行最佳逼近,不仅解决了传统匹配追踪法的欠分解或过分解的问题,并能有效地提取出不同故障时间产生的故障脉冲,便于进一步的轴承故障的量化分析。仿真和试验结果验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

改进的共振稀疏分解方法及其在滚动轴承复合故障诊断中的应用

滚动轴承复合故障信号中各故障特征受到传输路径和其他干扰源的影响,在多缺陷共存条件下提取单个缺陷诱发的故障特征存在困难。提出一种基于双参数优化、子带重构改进的共振稀疏分解(RSSD)滚动轴承复合故障诊断方法：首先利用人工鱼群算法自适应选择RSSD的品质因子和分解层数以构造与故障特征匹配的最优小波基,获得包含瞬态冲击的低共振分量;然后依据提出的子带筛选准则选择并重构低共振分量中包含瞬态冲击成分的最佳子带;最后通过多点最优最小熵反卷积（MOMEDA）方法识别并提取重构信号中周期性故障冲击。仿真信号和轴承全寿命周期复合故障信号分析结果表明,与RSSD-MCKD方法相比,所提出方法能有效提取复合故障信号中各故障特征,精确实现轴承复合故障诊断。     

故障程度鲁棒的滚动轴承智能诊断方法

本文中提出了一种基于共振滤波和包络小波包分解的鲁棒故障特征提取方法,首先对信号进行共振频带滤波,再对滤波信号的包络进行小波包分解并提取重构子带信号的标准偏差值作为特征向量。该方法考虑了包络信号能充分描述轴承局部故障引起循环冲击的特点,并利用支持向量机进行轴承故障类型自动识别。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地实现故障程度鲁棒的滚动轴承智能诊断,具有较高的诊断速率,效果优于传统滚动轴承诊断方法。     

基于SNRgram方法的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对平方包络信号的负熵对随机脉冲敏感以及平方包络谱的负熵易受离散谐波干扰，从而导致信息图法对随机脉冲和离散谐波分析时鲁棒性差的问题，引入信噪比测度作为轴承故障信息的评估指标，识别包含丰富故障信息的共振频带，并进一步提出基于SNRgram的包络分析方法提取滚动轴承故障特征。仿真和试验结果表明，相对于信息图和其他典型频带识别方法，SNRgram方法处理随机脉冲和离散谐波时具有更强的鲁棒性以及更高的频带识别准确性，能够有效识别轴承故障相关共振频带并提取轴承故障脉冲特征。     

基于粒子群优化的CYCBD在滚动轴承故障特征提取的应用研究

针对在背景噪声下滚动轴承故障初期周期性瞬态冲击不明显的问题,应用基于循环平稳最大化盲解卷积方法(Blind deconvolution based on cyclostationarity maximization,CYCBD).滤波器长度和循环频率左右CYCBD降噪效果,应用粒子群优化算法(Particle swar...     

基于三稳态随机共振的滚动轴承早期故障诊断研究

针对滚动轴承早期故障提出了三稳态随机共振故障诊断新方法。介绍了三稳态随机共振的基本理论,对比三稳态与双稳态系统说明其产生随机共振的可能性;采用小幅值正弦信号模拟故障输入信号,研究了不同频率下输出与输入信号频谱峰值比,得到了三稳态随机共振的诊断可行性。使用滚动轴承早期故障实测信号作为实验数据,实验结果表明三稳态随机共振对轴承早期故障具备良好的直接诊断能力,为滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法提供了一种新思路。     

复小波共振解调频带优化方法和新指标

滚动轴承发生局部故障时,其振动信号中将出现周期性发生的脉冲响应。共振解调被广泛用于从振动信号中提取此类冲击响应特征,但其首要问题是确定带通滤波器的中心频率和带宽。现有的频带优化方法存在计算量大且优化指标只考虑信号中冲击成分的强弱、而未考虑脉冲发生的周期性特征等缺点。针对不足,确定了以中心频率为主带宽为辅的频带参数优化方法,并提出了一个既能反映信号中冲击成分的存在及强弱又能突出冲击发生的周期性特点的频带优化新指标——包络谱峰值因子,该因子定义为包络谱最大值与有效值之比。将此方法和新指标应用于复平移Morlet小波共振解调的频带优化,通过轴承疲劳试验数据分析及工程实际应用并与峭度、平滑度指标和山农熵进行比较,验证了该方法和指标在最优频带确定中的有效性和优越性。     

基于平方包络谱相关峭度的最优共振解调诊断滚动轴承故障

利用峭度指标识别滚动轴承共振频带,结合包络分析解调故障特征,是滚动轴承故障诊断的常用方法。峭度指标虽然能够表征瞬态冲击特征的强弱,却无法利用瞬态冲击特征循环发生的特点,导致其难以区分脉冲噪声和循环瞬态冲击,无法准确识别共振频带,进而容易导致错误的故障诊断结果。受峭度和信号自相关的启发,重新定义相关峭度,提出平方包络谱相关峭度新指标;并结合Morlet小波滤波和粒子群优化算法,提出一种滚动轴承最优共振解调方法。通过与峭度、谱峭度等进行对比,仿真和试验分析结果表明平方包络谱相关峭度能够准确识别循环瞬态冲击;最优共振解调能够稳健确定共振频带的最优中心频率和带宽,准确解调诊断滚动轴承故障,验证了平方包络谱相关峭度在检测循环瞬态冲击和识别最优共振频带中的有效性和优越性。     

滚动轴承自适应特征提取的包络谱多点峭度多级降噪方法

滚动轴承故障信号主要包含高品质因子振动分量和低品质因子瞬态冲击分量。采用多点最优最小熵解卷积方法初步削弱传输路径等干扰影响,使微弱瞬态冲击成分得到初步增强,然后针对共振稀疏分解(RSSD)方法存在的品质因子选择困难问题,同时考虑包络谱中故障频率成分的严格周期性,提出包络谱多点峭度(ESMK)概念并将其作为优化指标,采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)对品质因子进行选择,得到一种自适应稀疏分解方法（PSO-RSSD）用于瞬态冲击信号的提取,以消除信号中高幅值干扰冲击和背景噪声的影响。轴承仿真与实测信号分析结果表明,与最小熵解卷积信号共振稀疏分解方法相比,在强冲击干扰下ESMK能够有效度量周期性瞬态冲击,PSO-RSSD方法能自适应分离最优低品质共振分量,验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

滚动轴承台架测试振动分析

滚动轴承台架测试是轴承研发设计制造过程中的重要环节,在台架上测试轴承支座振动信号,进而识别出滚动轴承的微小故障。文章首先介绍包络分析在滚动轴承故障识别方面的应用。在此基础上,进一步研究了轴承试验台架的共振问题,以及台架共振问题对滚动轴承故障识别的负面影响。以某型滚动轴承试验台架为例,模态测试分析结果表明,轴承台架存在多个模态频率,这些模态频率对包络分析的效果形成了潜在的负面影响,降低了包络分析识别轴承故障的能力。分析结果验证了模态测试分析在滚动轴承台架试验中的重要作用,由此提出了轴承台架测试的建议。     

Fault feature extraction of rolling bearing based on an improved cyclical spectrum density method

The traditional cyclical spectrum density(CSD) method is widely used to analyze the fault signals of rolling bearing. All modulation frequencies are demodulated in the cyclic frequency spectrum. Consequently, recognizing bearing fault type is difficult. Therefore, a new CSD method based on kurtosis(CSDK) is proposed. The kurtosis value of each cyclic frequency is used to measure the modulation capability of cyclic frequency. When the kurtosis value is large, the modulation capability is strong. Thus, the kurtosis value is regarded as the weight coefficient to accumulate all cyclic frequencies to extract fault features. Compared with the traditional method, CSDK can reduce the interference of harmonic frequency in fault frequency, which makes fault characteristics distinct from background noise. To validate the effectiveness of the method, experiments are performed on the simulation signal, the fault signal of the bearing outer race in the test bed, and the signal gathered from the bearing of the blast furnace belt cylinder. Experimental results show that the CSDK is better than the resonance demodulation method and the CSD in extracting fault features and recognizing degradation trends. The proposed method provides a new solution to fault diagnosis in bearings.     

Weak fault feature extraction of rolling bearing under strong poisson noise and variable speed conditions

Fault feature extraction of the rolling bearing under strong background noise is always a difficult problem in bearing fault diagnosis. At present, most of the research focuses on weak signal extraction under Gaussian white noise and has certain practical significance. However, the noise in engineering is often complex and changeable, Gaussian white noise cannot fully simulate the actual strong background noise. Poisson white noise is a type of typical non-Gaussian noise, which widely exists in complex mechanical impact. It is of great significance to study the weak fault feature extraction of a faulty bearing under this type of noise. At the same time, variable speed conditions occupy most rotating machinery speed conditions. Non-stationary vibration signals make it difficult to extract fault features, and the frequency spectrum ambiguity will occur because of speed fluctuation. To solve the above problems, a method of weak feature extraction of a faulty bearing based on computed order analysis (COA) and adaptive stochastic resonance (SR) is proposed. Firstly, by numerical simulation, the non-stationary fault characteristic signal corrupted with strong Poisson noise is transformed into a stationary signal in the angle domain by COA. Secondly, the influence of the parameters of the pulse arrival rate and noise intensity of Poisson white noise on the optimal SR response in the angle domain are studied, and the influence of the parameters of Poisson white noise on the fault feature extraction is given. Then, adaptive SR method is used to extract and enhance fault feature information. Finally, the effectiveness of this method in weak fault characteristic signal extraction under strong Poisson noise is verified by experiments. Numerical simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in bearing fault diagnosis under strong Poisson noise and variable speed conditions.

     

A method for the compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes based on morphological component analysis

An improved morphological component analysis (MCA) method is proposed for the compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes. When gear fault and bearing fault occur simultaneously, the compound fault signal of the gearbox contains meshing components (related to the gear fault) and periodic impulse components (related to the bearing fault). The corresponding fault characteristics can be separated by MCA according to the morphological differences of the components. In the proposed method, the optimal dictionary, which can represent the characteristics of bearing faults, is first selected based on the principle of minimum information entropy. Then, the compound fault signal is decomposed into the meshing component and the periodic impulse component using MCA. Finally, the separated components are subjected to the Hilbert envelope spectrum analysis. The faults of the gear and the bearing can be diagnosed according to the envelope spectra of the separated fault signal components. Simulation and experimental studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes.     

滚动轴承故障特征信息的自动提取方法研究

提出基于小波包分析和包络检测的滚动轴承故障特征信息的自动提取力法。根据滚动轴承的故障冲击能激起轴承座或其他机械零部件产生共振的特性，对轴承振动信号进行快速傅里叶变换FFT分析，在频谱图中自动识别高频共振频带。然后利用小波包分析可以在全频带内把信号分解到相邻的不同频带上的特性，对滚动轴承的振动信号进行小波包分解，自动提取共振频带上的信号并进行重构。最后，对重构后的信号进行包络检波，实现滚动轴承故障特征信息的自动提取。通过对实际滚动轴承振动信号的分析，发现这种方法能非常有效地检测和诊断滚动轴承的故障．     

基于虚拟仪器的滚动轴承故障诊断系统的设计

根据滚动轴承信号的特点,提出了一种基于小波包分解和共振解调技术相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,并开发了基于虚拟仪器的故障诊断系统.首先采用小波包将信号进行分解,再利用共振解调技术分析小波包的高频段,以诊断轴承故障.然后运用LabVIEW图形化编程语言设计了相应的滚动轴承故障诊断程序,最后在ADBE-56-N4型交流电机上实测了6305型滚动轴承故障模拟信号,分析结果表明,该方法有效地提取了故障特征和诊断轴承故障,有很好的实用性和有效性.     

FAULT DIAGNOSIS APPROACH FOR ROLLER BEARINGS BASED ON EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION METHOD AND HILBERT TRANSFORM

Based upon empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and Hilbert spectrum, a method for fault diagnosis of roller bearing is proposed. The orthogonal wavelet bases are used to translate vibration signals of a roller bearing into time-scale representation, then, an envelope signal can be obtained by envelope spectrum analysis of wavelet coefficients of high scales. By applying EMD method and Hilbert transform to the envelope signal, we can get the local Hilbert marginal spectrum from which the faults in a roller bearing can be diagnosed and fault patterns can be identified. Practical vibration signals measured from roller bearings with out-race faults or inner-race faults are analyzed by the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional envelope spectrum method in extracting the fault characteristics of roller bearings.     

一种基于增强型最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积的齿轮箱复合故障诊断

针对齿轮箱复合故障振动信号易受到背景噪声干扰,使得传统方法对复合故障冲击特征难以准确分离的问题,提出一种自适应最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(ACYCBD)与1.5维导数增强谱相结合的复合故障诊断方法。首先,利用循环谱分析检测复合故障振动信号中与故障特征相关的循环频率成分,构建不同目标类型的循环频率集;之后,根据不同类型的循环频率集,提出一种以三阶累积量稀疏度(TCS)为指标,自适应地选取最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(CYCBD)的最优滤波器长度的改进算法,从而更好地获得包含不同故障冲击成分的CYCBD最优滤波信号;最后,提出一种新的1.5维导数谱进行特征增强,提高信噪比,并分析谱图中突出的故障特征频率进而判别故障类型。通过仿真信号与故障实验平台数据对算法进行验证,结果表明该方法能够实现齿轮箱复合故障的准确分离与诊断。     

A fault diagnosis approach for roller bearing based on VPMCD under variable speed condition

Essentially the fault diagnosis of roller bearing is a process of pattern recognition. However, existing pattern recognition method failed to capitalize on the nature of multivariate associations between the extracted fault features. Targeting such limitation, a new pattern recognition method – variable predictive model based class discriminate (VPMCD) is introduced into roller bearing fault identification. The VPMCD consider that all or part of the feature values will exhibit interactions in nature and these associations will have different performances between different classes, which is always true in practice when faults occur in roller bearings. Target to the characteristics of non-stationary and amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated (AM–FM) of vibration signal picked up under variable speed condition, a fault diagnosis method based upon the VPMCD, order tracking technique and local mean decomposition (LMD) is put forward and applied to the roller bearing fault identification. Firstly, LMD and order tracking analysis method are combined to extract the fault features of roller bearing vibration signals under variable speed condition; Secondly, the feature values are regard as the input of VPMCD classifier; finally, the working condition and fault patterns of the roller bearings are identified automatically by the output of VPMCD classifier. The analysis results from experimental signals with normal and defective roller bearings indicate that the proposed fault diagnosis approach can distinguish the roller bearing status-with or without fault and fault patterns under variable speed condition accurately and effectively.     

基于支持向量回归的轴承故障定量诊断应用

针对轴承故障状态特征与故障大小之间存在非线性关系,提出利用支持向量回归机建立轴承故障大小与状态特征之间的定量诊断模型,并给出了基于支持向量回归的定量诊断策略和诊断流程。在获取轴承不同故障大小的特征量的基础上,建立了轴承故障定量诊断的支持向量回归模型,将其用于轴承故障的定量识别。结果表明,该方法能够有效地判断出故障的大小。进一步将该方法与人工神经网络方法比较,结果说明了支持向量回归方法在轴承故障定量诊断方面具有更好的适应性。     

基于灰关联信息熵的SVM决策树轴承故障分类

为提高轴承故障诊断的准确率,以灰色关联理论和信息熵理论为基础,提出了基于灰关联信息熵提取属性特征的支持向量机决策树多故障分类器.该分类器可以实现对轴承的多故障类型的分类,并对轴承的各类故障进行了分类实验.验证结果表明,该方法可有效地进行故障状态识别,达到了准确进行机械系统多故障诊断的目的.