基于Harris角点和SIFT描述符的高分辨率遥感影像匹配算法

影像匹配是诸多遥感影像处理和影像分析的一个关键环节。传统基于角点的灰度相关匹配算法由于不具备旋转不变性而需要人工干预进行粗匹配,无法实现自动化。SIFT(scale invariant feature transform)算法能很好地解决图像旋转、缩放等问题,但是对于几何结构特征更加清晰、纹理信息更加丰富的高分辨率遥感影像而言,该算法消耗内存多、运算速度慢的问题非常突出。将两者结合,提出基于Harris角点和SIFT描述符的影像匹配算法。实验结果表明,相比SIFT算法,该算法大量缩减了运算时间,同时保留了SIFT描述符的旋转不变性和对光照变化的适应性,克服了灰度相关算法无法实现全自动的缺点,在高分辨率遥感影像匹配上效果较好。     

基于SIFT的图像匹配算法

直接用SIFT算法对较模糊图像进行关键点提取时,提取的关键点个数较少且进行下一步匹配时错误匹配较多。提出一种基于SIFT特征的匹配算法,首先利用拉普拉斯算子对图像进行锐化处理,使其边缘得到突出,然后利用SIFT算法进行关键点提取,最后利用双向匹配算法进行图像匹配。实验结果表明,利用本文算法进行匹配比直接用SIFT算法进行匹配时的匹配点数更多,匹配效果更好。     

基于SIFT的三视图像特征匹配算法

提出一种基于SIFT的三视图像特征匹配算法。采用SIFT算法对三视图像进行特征匹配,引入计算机视觉中的三线性关系和基于三焦张量的像素转移误差计算方法,对SIFT算法的匹配结果进行筛选,剔除匹配过程中产生的误配点。真实图像数据实验表明,该算法有效剔除了SIFT算法产生的97％以上的误配点,提高了三视图像匹配的准确度。     

无人机影像密集匹配方法

针对无人机航摄影像存在的像幅小、影像倾角过大且倾斜方向没有规律等特点研究了一种基于尺度不变特征变换算法(Scale Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT)特征点匹配结果的无人机航摄影像密集匹配方法。在SIFT特征点匹配结果的基础上,根据立体像对的同名影像相似性原理,结合Moravec特征点提取算法、灰度相关匹配算法和最小二乘匹配算法来获取无人机影像的密集匹配结果,再利用影像密集点匹配结果生成影像覆盖区域的DSM进行精度分析。实验结果表明,基于SIFT特征匹配算法的无人机影像密集匹配方法能够获取可靠的密集匹配结果。     

ATxmega微处理器构建的线阵CCD尺寸测量系统

提出一种以ATxmega处理器为核心的CCD无接触尺寸测量系统方案,产生线阵CCD需要的驱动信号,完成A/D采样与处理,进行数据传输通信等,来实现低成本、高可靠性、高性能的线阵CCD尺寸测量系统。     

虚拟CCD线阵星载光学传感器内视场拼接

以基于虚拟CCD线阵的多CCD影像重成像算法作为内视场拼接的技术手段,在对由地形起伏引起的多CCD影像的拼接误差进行理论分析和推导的基础上,提出无需数字高程模型(DEM)的虚拟CCD线阵多CCD影像重成像算法;并提出使用基于严密成像几何模型的空间前方交会的方法直接评价影像拼接对摄影测量生产的精度影响。研究表明,在虚拟CCD"安装"位置与真实CCD位置偏差不大的情况下,使用成像区域的平均高程进行拼接即可满足几何无缝拼接的需求;而在虚拟CCD"安装"位置与真实位置的偏离超过限差的情况下,可以用航天飞机雷达地形测绘DEM(SRTM-DEM)等一定精度的DEM数据校正地形起伏引起的拼接误差。使用先进陆地观测卫星(ALOS)卫星全色遥感立体测绘仪(PRISM)传感器三线阵影像作为实验数据,对前视、下视和后视的多CCD影像分别进行拼接。对拼接线的判读结果表明,影像拼接效果良好。另外,分别对拼接前和拼接后的前视、后视影像选取同名点进行空间前方交会,拼接后影像的空间前方交会精度与拼接前影像的空间前方交会精度一致。本文方法,可以无需DEM进行ALOS PRISM的内视场拼接,并使得拼接后影像的立体测图精度无损;拼接误差分析方法也可以在航空相机影像拼接中推广。     

基于改进SIFT算法的双目视觉距离测量

针对视觉传感器距离测量中所使用的图像特征匹配算法精度不高、计算量大、实时性差等问题,提出了一种改进尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)图像特征匹配算法,并应用于双目测距系统当中.改进SIFT算法基于简化尺度构造空间,以曼哈顿距离作为最邻近特征点查询中的相似性度量,提高了算法效率.初次匹配之后与随机采样一致算法(RANSAC)结合,剔除误匹配点;基于精度较高的二次匹配点,提取匹配点像素信息进行距离计算,通过测距试验验证算法的可行性.实验结果表明:提出的方法获取目标距离达到较高精度,满足观测设备要求.     

一种改进的SIFT特征匹配算法

针对尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)特征匹配算法存在计算量大、复杂度高的问题,提出一种基于图像Radon变换的改进SIFT特征匹配算法。改进算法在图像的SIFT特征点采样区域内作d条不同方向的直线,以d条直线上的图像Radon变换作为SIFT特征向量描述符,降低SIFT特征向量的维数,从而提高特征匹配效率。实验结果表明,改进算法具有较高的匹配精度和较少的匹配时间,适用于虚拟场景漫游或目标识别等实时性要求较高的系统。     

尺度不变特征转换算法的多源SAR影像匹配

鉴于直接利用SIFT算法进行SAR影像间的匹配不能得到很好的效果,考虑SIFT算法在应对噪声以及对镜像影像进行匹配的局限性,提出了针对SAR影像之间匹配的SIFT算法预处理。首先利用影像与影像之间的空间信息进行匹配,之后利用SIFT算法进行局部特征点匹配,通过采用RANSAC进行错配点的去除,实现SAR影像的高精度配准。实验结果表明,该文提出的预处理以及错配点的去除为利用SIFT算法进行SAR影像的匹配提供了可能。     

尺度不变特征转换算法的多源SAR影像匹配

鉴于直接利用SIFT算法进行SAR影响间的匹配不能得到很好的效果,考虑SIFT算法在应对噪声以及对镜像影像进行匹配的局限性,提出了针对SAR影像之间匹配的SIFT算法预处理。首先利用影像与影像之间的空间信息进行匹配,之后利用SIFT算法进行局部特征点匹配,通过采用RANSAC进行错配点的去除,实现SAR影像的高精度配准。实验结果表明,该文提出的预处理以及错配点的去除给利用SIFT算法进行SAR影像的匹配提供了可能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.