高层建筑的等效设计风荷载与风振响应研究

基于某典型高层建筑详细的风洞试验结果,计算分析了该结构的基础等效静风荷载及结构顶部峰值加速度响应,与前期的风洞试验结果相对比,评估了不同风洞试验条件和周边建筑对试验结果的影响,获得的结果可以用于此结构的抗风设计以及居住者舒适度评估。     

高层建筑结构舒适度的模糊可靠性分析及设计

根据模糊集和截集的概念,将模糊可靠性设计问题转化为常规可靠性设计问题。利用此观点对高层建筑结构的舒适度进行了模糊可靠性分析及设计研究。     

有大型中庭空间的超高层建筑风荷载试验研究

某超高层建筑高228m,在建筑中部设置大型中庭空间用于建筑的自然通风和采光等。对该建筑进行了风洞模型试验,根据试验结果分析了中庭内风压分布的特点、相关性及概率特征,并对比了有无中庭情况下结构的整体风荷载。结果表明:中庭内风压分布均匀,相关性高,其概率特征可按高斯分布进行处理,中庭的存在对结构整体风荷载没有影响。根据试验结果,并结合规范的分析,给出了中庭内风压的局部体型系数和阵风系数。     

超高层建筑群风荷载干扰效应数值模拟

针对超高层建筑群体的风荷载干扰效应问题,采用计算流体动力学方法,建立了多种典型干扰工况的超高层建筑模型进行风荷载分析,其结果显示出明显的干扰效应,分析结果对于类似工程具有一定的参考意义。     

弧形超高层建筑的抗风设计研究

进行了弧形超高层建筑的模型风洞试验,获得了风荷载体型系数、基础等效静风荷载及结构顶部风致加速度响应,并将其与规范相关值进行了对比,所得结果为其他建筑的抗风设计和风洞试验提供技术参考。     

高层建筑结构舒适度的模糊可靠性分析

基于我国《高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程》(JGJ99—89)中关于人体舒适度验算的规定限值，并参考有关人体舒适度限值的标准，对高层建筑结构的舒适度进行了模糊可靠性分析，可供设计和修正规范时参考。     

CAARC高层建筑标准模型层风荷载谱数学模型研究

用风洞试验方法在B、D两种地貌下研究了CAARC高层建筑标准模型在不同高度处的顺风向和横风向风荷载的功率谱特性和相干特性。结果显示:不同高度的无因次风荷载功率谱密度具有较好的一致性;在顺风向,不同高度风荷载间的相干特性显示出指数式的衰减规律;在横风向,风荷载在漩涡脱落频率附近有很强的相关性,相干函数值接近于1。根据风荷载沿结构高度变化的特征,进一步采用拟合方法确定了各层风荷载的功率谱密度和层间荷载相干函数的经验公式,建立了层风荷载谱数学模型,并给出了以此为基础计算标准模型风振响应的计算流程。将按照本文模型计算得到的广义力功率谱与高频底座力天平试验的结果作比较,结果吻合较好,证明了本文所提出模型的正确性。     

高层建筑风荷载相干性研究

利用高层建筑刚性模型测压风洞试验结果,对顺风向风荷载竖向、水平相干性,迎背风面相干性以及横风向、扭转方向风荷载相干性的主要特征进行研究。利用算例说明了迎背风面相干性以及横-扭风荷载相干函数对于风振响应的影响。从计算结果来看,迎背风面全相干假定将使顺风向风振响应计算结果偏于保守;当结构刚心和质心偏离时,假定横扭风荷载相干性等于零会低估横风向和扭转方向风振响应。     

Hybrid simulation of a tall building with a double‐decker tuned sloshing damper system under wind loads

This study presents an advanced experimental system, hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL), recently referred to as hybrid testing, to validate the effectiveness of a double‐decker tuned sloshing damper (TSD) system with screens applied to a recently constructed tall building. The HIL simulation facilitates a performance analysis of a combined structure‐damper system in which the nonlinear behavior of liquid motion in a TSD is physically modeled, whereas a building system under wind loads that behaves linearly is embedded virtually utilizing a computer model. The scaled model of the TSD is composed of a computer‐controlled system with a shaking table, sensors, and a real‐time communication link. The virtual building system on the computer communicates in real time with the hardware, that is, the physical model of TSD to evaluate on‐the‐fly the performance of a combined building‐TSD system. External excitation including random loading characteristics of winds, waves, or earthquakes can be implemented in HIL to observe the dynamics of the building‐damper system under a host of loading scenarios. An example of a recently completed tall reinforced concrete building with multiple TSDs placed side by side in double‐decker configuration under a suite of external loads and the proposed damping estimation procedure to evaluate the amount of auxiliary damping with TSD for ensuring the TSD design is presented. It examines the habitability of the building in winds and evaluates the effectiveness of the TSD system as well as the efficacy of the first HIL simulation for an actual tall building‐TSD system equipped with screens inside.     

高层建筑风荷载研究成果的述评

高层建筑风荷载研究,是结构风工程最重要的研究内容之一。深入开展建筑物表面风荷载研究、建筑物风致响应研究、建筑物风荷载干扰和舒适性研究,对于正确分析高层建筑风荷载的力学响应,保证结构的安全性与适应性,具有重要的指导意义。本文论述了高层建筑风荷载研究领域的主要成就和最新进展,并对其研究发展思路提出了一些看法。     

六塔楼群体高层建筑风场数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对杭州市市民中心这一六塔楼群体高层建筑的风场进行了计算分析,获得了该建筑与典型规则钝体建筑所不同的风场分布特征.同时,给出了设计时可用的整体阻力系数值.     

Adaptive fuzzy controller for active tuned mass damper of a benchmark tall building subjected to seismic and wind loads

Active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) are one of the most effective solutions for mitigation of destructive effects of earthquakes and strong winds in tall buildings. In order to achieve optimal performance, these systems are designed and tuned to mitigate effect of either wind or earthquake excitation. However, due to different frequency contents and intensities of wind and earthquake excitations, which will cause contrasting structural modes stimulation, the ATMD designed for one of these disturbances may not work optimally for the other one. This paper addresses a methodological simulation approach for adaptive control design of ATMDs in tall buildings located in regions with high level of seismic activity and recurrent strong winds. For this purpose, a multi‐objective adaptive genetic‐fuzzy controller is proposed for the control of an ATMD of a benchmark 76‐story building subjected to wind load and earthquake disturbances. Simulation results reveal that the optimal ATMD designed for earthquake disturbance does not work adequately for wind load disturbance and vice versa. Furthermore, the proposed adaptive controller has superior performance in suppressing base shear and inter‐story drifts induced by wind load and earthquake excitations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical evaluation of wind effects on a tall steel building by CFD

A comprehensive numerical study of wind effects on the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Council (CAARC) standard tall building is presented in this paper. The techniques of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), such as Large Eddy Simulation (LES), Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) Model etc., were adopted in this study to predict wind loads on and wind flows around the building. The main objective of this study is to explore an effective and reliable approach for evaluation of wind effects on tall buildings by CFD techniques. The computed results were compared with extensive experimental data which were obtained at seven wind tunnels. The reasons to cause the discrepancies of the numerical predictions and experimental results were identified and discussed. It was found through the comparison that the LES with a dynamic subgrid-scale (SGS) model can give satisfactory predictions for mean and dynamic wind loads on the tall building, while the RANS model with modifications can yield encouraging results in most cases and has the advantage of providing rapid solutions. Furthermore, it was observed that typical features of the flow fields around such a surface-mounted bluff body standing in atmospheric boundary layers can be captured numerically. It was found that the velocity profile of the approaching wind flow mainly influences the mean pressure coefficients on the building and the incident turbulence intensity profile has a significant effect on the fluctuating wind forces. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly simulate both the incident wind velocity profile and turbulence intensity profile in CFD computations to accurately predict wind effects on tall buildings. The recommended CFD techniques and associated numerical treatments provide an effective way for designers to assess wind effects on a tall building and the need for a detailed wind tunnel test.     

某高层建筑结构风致响应干扰效应研究

结合某高层建筑风洞模型试验,详细分析了不同工况下结构的风致响应,对干扰效应进行了深入研究。结果表明:基底弯矩的干扰效应主要表现为遮挡效应,遮挡使峰值弯矩减小,但是干扰位于侧风向或者下风向时,有可能使结构的峰值弯矩增大。受扰后,基底弯矩背景分量的变化规律与平均分量较为类似,共振分量的变化规律不明显。峰值加速度受扰后的变化也没有规律性。     

高层建筑钢结构概念设计

指出高层建筑钢结构的应用日趋广泛,在整个设计过程中概念设计占有不可或缺的地位,在震害经验教训的基础上,总结了部分与总体方案和布置以及与结构控制有关的概念设计的重要内容,从而为高层建筑钢结构概念设计研究积累经验。     

高层建筑结构在风荷载作用响应问题研究

随着社会经济的高速发展,城市低层建筑已不能满足人类的居住需求,高层建筑的出现应用满足了此方面的困难,在结构设计中,高层建筑相比于低层建筑承受更大的风荷载作用,而风荷载的不确定性因素导致结构设计的繁琐,同时基于低层建筑的荷载分析难以应用于高层建筑,因此研究高层建筑结构在风荷载作用下的响应是十分必要的。基于当前结构风工程的理论,对高层建筑结构下风荷载的研究方法进行了进一步探讨。     

世贸服饰高层结构设计

通过对世贸服饰高层结构主要设计过程的介绍,重点介绍了CFG地基处理方案及现浇空心楼盖的设计,经采用中国建筑科学研究院开发的PKPM软件分析计算,结果表明所采取的处理措施正确,各项计算指标合理。     

对称双塔楼建筑的风荷载分布特征

本文针对双塔楼建筑风场的相互干扰作用,通过风洞试验研究塔楼的风压分布,将风压沿截面进行积分求出沿结构柱网方向的合力,然后反算出沿柱网方向的整体体型系数,实现了把风洞试验结果换算为工程设计软件直接可用的数据。本文还讨论了风对高层建筑的扭矩作用,采用扭矩放大系数来考虑风致扭矩。针对某对称双塔结构的风压分布特征获得用于指导一般性对称双塔结构设计的风压和体型系数分布规律。     

Effects of permeability of wind loads on pitched-roof building

This study is concerned with the effects of permeability on the wind loading on a building. Experimental results from wind-tunnel tests are compared with theoretical methods for estimating the mean and fluctuating internal pressures for various permeabilities.Observations show that the internal pressure can be estimated from known external conditions in terms of mean, RMS and spectral values to a reasonable level of accuracy for the case where the permeability consists of circular apertures. Effects on the external pressure distribution due to permeability are found to be significant under certain circumstances.     

An experimental technique for distribution of dynamic wind loads on tall buildings

An experimental technique to determine the distribution of wind loads along the height of a slender and tall building has been presented using an aeroelastic model which simulates the correct mode shape of the prototype. The dynamic pressures acting on the model have been measured simultaneously from two pressure tappings at a time to compute the auto and cross power spectral densities, from which the modal force and, hence, the acceleration at any height is computed to determine the distribution of dynamic shear and moment. The technique could also be implemented using a rigid model when the motion of the building is not expected to modify the pressure distribution significantly. Since simultaneous measurements of pressures from all the tappings are not required, the proposed technique can be easily implemented in any wind tunnel laboratory.