可印刷柔性应变传感器的制作及其对 人体运动行为监测研究

该文主要研究了导电浆料 PS@Ag/PDMS 的流变特性与印刷性,以聚苯乙烯微球表面镀 银(PS@Ag)的核壳结构粒子为导电填料,与聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)预聚物及其固化剂复合配制 PS@Ag/PDMS 导电浆料,采用丝网印刷技术与旋涂工艺制备得到 PDMS-PS@Ag/PDMS-PDMS 三明治结构柔性应变传感器。柔性应变传感器在人体运动行为中的实时监测结果显示,该传感器在手肘关节与膝盖关节的弯曲——伸展循环运动中的相对电阻变化率分别高达约 0.75 0.50,展现出较高的可拉伸柔性、灵敏度及一致性,在人体运动行为监测中具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于CNTs/PDMS介电层的柔性压力传感特性研究

提出一种基于MEMS工艺的柔性压力传感器制备方法.采用MEMS工艺制备柔性压力传感器模板,结合纳米压印技术、射频磁控溅射技术和PDMS软光刻工艺在PDMS柔性基底上制备了具有"V"型阵列微结构的Ag薄膜平行板电极,基于碳纳米管(CNTs)/PDMS聚合物的压电容特性,制备出电容式柔性压力传感器.针对不同尺寸的压力传感器进行对比测试,本文制作的压力传感器的灵敏度能够达到3.98% kPa-1,具有良好的重复性,在智能穿戴和电子皮肤等方面有着广阔的应用前景.     

耦合型光纤应变传感器监测钢筋混凝土梁实验

对已达到要求耦合比的熔锥型单模光纤耦合器,继续用低温火焰烧灼耦合区制成了用于测量建筑物应变的耦合型光纤应变传感器,并用环氧树脂将其粘贴在实际的钢筋混凝土梁上与传统电阻应变片同时进行应变测试,试验结果表明,这种传感器实际测量钢筋混凝土的拉、压应变与电测值的差别,当应变超过80 με时都在10%以内,可以在工程实际中使用.     

石墨烯柔性压力/应变传感器的研究进展

柔性压力/应变传感器可以贴附在物体表面,测量其表面压力或应变,可用于人体脉搏检测、表情识别和运动监测等,在健康监护、医疗诊断等方面有广阔的发展空间.石墨烯柔性压力/应变传感器比普通压力/应变传感器性能更为优异,其测量范围宽、灵敏度高且尺寸仅为纳米级.综述了石墨烯压力/应变传感器在近几年来的研究进展及应用情况,重点讨论了基于石墨烯材料的电容法、激光诱导法、3D海绵法、纸基法、水凝胶法的压力/应变传感器的制备方法及性能差异.最后简要指明石墨烯柔性压力/应变传感器未来的研究方向.     

基于导电织物的关节弯曲角度测量传感器

柔性电容式拉伸传感器,可用于测量关节弯曲和肌肉拉伸等人体动作,具有低功耗,线性度高等优点,作为新一代可穿戴传感器在运动检测、医疗康复领域具有广泛应用前景。但现有电容式拉伸传感器存在应变灵敏度(Gauge Factor, GF)不高的缺点,导致在关节微小弯曲测量方面精度较低。针对此,提出了一种基于无机硅胶和导电织物的分段式结构柔性电容式应变传感器。传感器采用不同杨氏模量硅胶设计了非线性结构的介电弹性体,并以柔性导电布作为电极。同时,建立了传感器的关节弯曲角度感知模型。实验结果表明,该传感器由于采取了分段式结构设计,因此稳定性好,提高了在中等应变情况下(0～50%)的应变灵敏度因素(GF=1.5)。将其安装于手套上测试,弯曲角度预测模型能够对关节弯曲角度进行较好的预测。该柔性电容式应变传感器制作工艺简单,可低成本大规模制造。其分段式结构设计与角度传感模型适用于医疗康复训练和机器人操控等创新应用。     

SnO2/MWCNTs/PVP电阻式柔性湿度传感器的制备及其性能研究

柔性湿度传感器在可穿戴式健康监测中发挥重要作用,合理选择柔性传感器的材料和工艺是制备柔性传感器的关键。为实现柔性基底的高性能湿度传感器,通过静电纺丝工艺在带有柔性电极的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的衬底上制备出SnO₂(二氧化锡)/CNT(MWCNTs多壁碳纳米管)/PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)湿度传感器和CNT/PVP湿度传感器。通过自主设计湿度生成和测试装置,对两种传感器的灵敏度、响应时间等参数进行测试。实验结果表明,两种湿度传感器输出阻值与相对湿度之间呈线性关系,SnO₂/CNT/PVP传感器的灵敏度是CNT/PVP传感器的3.3倍,说明掺杂SnO₂能显著提高SnO₂/CNT/PVP湿度传感器的灵敏度特性。     

棉织物/PVA/CNTs复合柔性压阻式压力传感器的制备与性能研究

以弹性棉织物、聚乙烯醇和碳纳米管为原料,采用浸泡烘干法,以聚酰亚胺薄膜为保护层,制备了一款叉指型柔性压阻传感器.研究了传感器的表面形貌、灵敏度、迟滞性和重复性,并探讨了基于柔性压阻传感器的应用.结果表明:传感器具有较宽的压力适用范围(0～200 kPa),并且随着CNTs浓度的增加传感器的灵敏度和灵敏度最大时的压强范围增加;CNTs浓度为1.0％时,传感器的迟滞性误差为22.1％,重复性误差为37.8％,其循环性能以及输出电阻和输入压力之间的同步性能有待提高.基于良好的传感性能和稳定结构,验证了人体生理信号监测,例如人体手指按压、关节弯曲运动和呼吸时腹部收缩运动,表明开发的压力传感器在智能服装、智能机器人和智能医疗等方面具有良好的应用前景.     

一种基于高压静电纺丝工艺制备的P(VDF-TrFE)/PZT压电传感器及其在睡眠监测中的应用

针对日常睡眠监测的需求,提出一种基于高压静电纺丝工艺制备的P(VDF-TrFE)/锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电传感器并对其性能进行了研究。首先,介绍了P(VDF-TrFE)/PZT压电传感器的制作及封装流程。其次对其灵敏度,频率响应特性,瞬时响应和稳定性等进行了测试。结果表明,该传感器不仅具有良好的微观外貌形态,且相比于纯P(VDF-TrFE)压电传感器0.73 V/N的灵敏度,制备的含30%PZT的P(VDF-TrFE)/PZT压电传感器灵敏度是纯P(VDF-TrFE)压电传感器的2.5倍,达到了1.78 V/N。此外在低频下能够保持稳定压电输出且具备2 ms较快的响应时间。最后采用自制的P(VDF-TrFE)/PZT压电传感器测量人体心冲击信号,并通过支持向量机(SVM)训练睡眠分期模型实现了对睡眠质量的监测,四分类模型平均准确率达到72.5%,为可穿戴睡眠监测传感器的选择提供了参考。     

柔性压力传感器温度漂移补偿结构设计

温度补偿是对微传感器的性能进行优化与稳定的必要技术方案。提出了一种适用于柔性压力传感器的温度漂移补偿方法及结构,选用高热膨胀系数的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)与硅橡胶(EcoFlex)作为柔性衬底,结合基底表面微结构设计进行温度补偿。由测试结果分析,未补偿前传感器的TCR系数为-0.57%/K,在EcoFlex、PDMS、表面具有微结构的EcoFlex、以及表面具有微结构的PDMS四种基底上TCR系数分别为-0.42%/K,-0.37%/K,-0.24%/K,-0.22%/K,可知温度漂移得到有效补偿。本研究方法为柔性压阻式传感器的温漂性能优化提供了有益的借鉴作用。     

多晶硅薄膜制备方法与压阻特性的研究

对磁控溅射和低压化学气相淀积(LPCVD)2种方法制备的多晶硅薄膜的电学和压阻特性进行了研究,并讨论了结晶化工艺对磁控溅射薄膜性质的影响。实验表明:LPCVD薄膜稳定性、重复性较好,应变系数可达到20以上;磁控溅射薄膜经适当结晶化工艺处理具有纳晶硅的结构特征,应变系数可达到80以上。利用扫描电镜(SEM)图片结合电阻率和应变系数的测试结果,讨论了2种方法制备出的多晶硅薄膜应用于压阻式力学量传感器的可行性。     

A Note on Parallel Selection on Coarse-Grained Multicomputers

Consider the selection problem of determining the k th smallest element of a set of n elements. Under the CGM (coarse-grained multicomputer) model with p processors and O(n/p) local memory, we present a deterministic parallel algorithm for the selection problem that requires O( log p) communication rounds. Besides requiring a low number of communication rounds, the algorithm also attempts to minimize the total amount of data transmitted in each round (only O(p) except in the last round). In addition to showing theoretical complexities, we present very promising experimental results obtained on a parallel machine that show almost linear speedup, indicating the efficiency and scalability of the proposed algorithm. Received June 1, 1997; revised March 10, 1998.     

A note on observables on MV-algebras

 A criterion when a subset of an MV-algebra is contained in the range of a (finitely additive) observable is given. It is used to prove that every at most countable subset of any MV-algebra is contained in the range of an observable. A much stronger result holds for any bold fuzzy algebra [0,1] ^S , which is whole contained in the range of a (σ-additive) observable.     

物体表面明暗处理算法的研究

基于现在普遍应用的Phone光照模型而对曲面体表面离散成小多边形后进行明暗处理的方法进行了简单的陈述和比较,提出了改进的Phone明暗处理方法,采用Visual C＋＋实现程序,对Phone光照模型中的漫反射项中的L·N和镜面反射项中的N·H直接进行双线性插值,既保证了着色效果,又使Phone明暗处理的效率提高了近1/3。     

Problems on mathematical safes on graphs

For given two sets of locks, the corresponding problems on mathematical safes are formulated on graphs. In the first set, all the locks have the same number of sates and, in the second set, any pair of locks can consist of different numbers of sates. A number of conditions are obtained under which there exist solutions to these problems for safes specified on directed or undirected single graphs such as a path, a chain, a cycle, and a star. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 5, pp. 14–21, September–October 2006.     

Graham's problem on shortest networks for points on a circle

Suppose a configurationX consists ofn points lying on a circle of radiusr. If at most one of the edges joining neighboring points has length strictly greater thanr, then the Steiner treeS consists of all these edges with a longest edge removed. In order to showS is, in fact, just the minimal spanning treeT, a variational approach is used to show the Steiner ratio for this configuration is at least one and equals one only ifS andT coincide. The variational approach greatly reduces the number of possible Steiner trees that need to be considered.     

Measures on MV-algebras

 We study sequentially continuous measures on semisimple M V-algebras. Let A be a semisimple M V-algebra and let I be the interval [0,1] carrying the usual Łukasiewicz M V-algebra structure and the natural sequential convergence. Each separating set H of M V-algebra homomorphisms of A into I induces on A an initial sequential convergence. Semisimple M V-algebras carrying an initial sequential convergence induced by a separating set of M V-algebra homomorphisms into I are called I-sequential and, together with sequentially continuous M V-algebra homomorphisms, they form a category SM(I). We describe its epireflective subcategory ASM(I) consisting of absolutely sequentially closed objects and we prove that the epireflection sends A into its distinguished σ-completion σ _H (A). The epireflection is the maximal object in SM(I) which contains A as a dense subobject and over which all sequentially continuous measures can be continuously extended. We discuss some properties of σ _H (A) depending on the choice of H. We show that the coproducts in the category of D-posets [9] of suitable families of I-sequential M V-algebras yield a natural model of probability spaces having a quantum nature. The motivation comes from probability: H plays the role of elementary events, the embedding of A into σ _H (A) generalizes the embedding of a field of events A into the generated σ-field σ(A), and it can be viewed as a fuzzyfication of the corresponding results for Boolean algebras in [8, 11, 14]. Sequentially continuous homomorphisms are dual to generalized measurable maps between the underlying sets of suitable bold algebras [13] and, unlike in the Loomis–Sikorski Theorem, objects in ASM(I) correspond to the generated tribes (no quotient is needed, no information about the elementary events is lost). Finally, D-poset coproducts lift fuzzy events, random functions and probability measures to events, random functions and probability measures of a quantum nature. Supported by VEGA Grant 2/7193/01     

基于压缩的大规模图的割点求解算法

割点求解是图应用中的一个重要操作.深度优先搜索树算法可以解决割点求解问题.但是该算法存在缺点,导致它不能在实际问题中得到很好的应用.这是因为当今数据的两大特点,一是数据规模庞大,对于很多图操作提出了挑战性的要求;二是数据多变,每天数据的大量更新使得传统算法必须依据更新重复计算,浪费了时间和空间.深度优先搜索树算法的时间复杂度为O(|V|+|E|),其中,|V|和|E|分别为图的顶点的数目和边的数目.它能够很好地适应第1个特点,但是对于第2个特点该算法则无能为力.提出一种基于压缩的割点求解算法来解决这个问题.该算法通过点的朴素相似来压缩图,时间复杂度为O(|E|).在得到的无损压缩图上进行割点求解,同时在压缩图上动态地维护点和边的更新,在不解压图的情况下完成图的更新,在更新后的图上进行割点求解,极大地降低了时间和空间消耗.该压缩算法得到的压缩图对其他图操作同样适用.     

元胞自动机交通流NS模型相图研究

基于开放边界条件下元胞自动机交通流NS模型,模拟入口概率[α]、出口概率[β]、车辆最大速度[Vmax]以及随机慢化概率[ρ]对系统流量[J]的影响,根据不同流相中流量[J]的变化规律,建立NS模型的相图。结果表明,车辆最大速度在一定范围内的增加能提高系统流量,车辆的随机慢化概率在小于临界随机慢化概率[ρc]时,不会对系统流量造成影响,而超过[ρc]时,随机慢化概率越大,对系统流量的反作用越明显。[Vmax]和[ρ]决定系统相图。当[Vmax=5],[ρ<ρc]时,系统相图只由自由流相和堵塞流相构成,自由流相和堵塞流相被一条曲线分开;[ρ>ρc]时,最大流相出现,最大流相区域随着[ρ]增大而增加。     

基于自偏置磁-机-电耦合效应的电流传感器研究

基于自偏置磁-机-电耦合效应,提出了一种新型电流传感器,其由磁电层合材料Sr Fe12O19/Fe Cu Nb Si B/PZT、质量块、基座组成。磁电层合材料Sr Fe12O19/Fe Cu Nb Si B/PZT具有自偏置磁-机-电耦合效应。通过该磁电层合材料与载流电线周围的涡流磁场耦合,该新型电流传感器具有较大的输出电压和电流灵敏度,无需额外的直流偏置磁场等优点。实验结果表明,所提出的传感器在载流电线的电流频率为50 Hz时具有198.91 m V/A的较高灵敏度,并且电流传感器的输出电压与施加的50 Hz电流大小之间呈现出良好的线性关系。另外,提出的传感器还可以区分小至0.01 A的微小电流。这种基于自偏置磁-机-电耦合效应的电流传感原型器件在电流监测领域具有极大的应用前景。     

Graham's problem on shortest networks for points on a circle

Suppose a configurationX consists ofn points lying on a circle of radiusr. If at most one of the edges joining neighboring points has length strictly greater thanr, then the Steiner treeS consists of all these edges with a longest edge removed. In order to showS is, in fact, just the minimal spanning treeT, a variational approach is used to show the Steiner ratio for this configuration is at least one and equals one only ifS andT coincide. The variational approach greatly reduces the number of possible Steiner trees that need to be considered.