AC／ZnO发泡剂系对植物纤维增强淀粉复合发泡材料性能的影响

用偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）／氧化锌（ZnO）作为发泡剂系制备植物纤维增强淀粉复合发泡材料并讨论其含量对该材料性能的影响。通过TGA曲线确定偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）／氧化锌（ZnO）的最佳比例为2：1;在温度为25℃,RH-50％的环境下保持7d,通过力学性能检测,该材料具有良好的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,分别为6．38MPa、91...     

PP/EPDM反应挤出共混制备高熔体黏度PP的研究

采用反应型双螺杆挤出机,用过氧化物(BPO)为交联剂、不饱和烯烃为交联助剂,对PP/EPDM体系进行反应增容,一步实现聚丙烯(PP)与少量EPDM的共混、接枝与交联,制备出了具有高熔体黏度的发泡用聚丙烯.对改性材料熔体流动性能、力学性能和发泡性能研究结果表明:当交联剂、交联助剂的质量比约为0.78 :1时,可以获得最佳的改性效果,改性后体系的熔体流动速率(MFR)下降92.9%;改性PP的多项力学性能都有显著改善,其中拉伸强度提高12.9%,缺口冲击强度提高93%;改性使材料的发泡性能得到显著提高,采用反应共混改性PP可获得泡孔大小约100μm,泡沫密度在0.44g/cm3左右,且分布均匀,闭孔率高的发泡材料.     

化学发泡剂含量对秸秆纤维/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响机理

目的 揭示发泡剂含量对微发泡注塑成型秸秆纤维/聚丙烯复合材料(SF/PP)密度及力学性能的影响规律,提供制备低密度高性能SF/PP材料的发泡剂用量工艺参考。方法 以偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为化学发泡剂,制备了注塑发泡SF/PP,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子万能实验机和红外光谱测试等手段,分析了不同发泡剂含量下SF/PP的拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能、泡孔微观形貌和分布以及复合材料红外光谱图,通过实验对比分析了不同发泡剂含量下材料性能的变化规律。结果 当AC含量增加时,微发泡SF/PP的密度先降低后升高,冲击强度则先升高后降低,拉伸和弯曲强度为逐渐降低。当AC的质量分数为4%时,微发泡SF/PP的综合性能最佳,泡孔结构最好;微发泡(SF/PP)红外光谱图结果显示,在3420cm^-1处的—OH伸缩振动峰强度高于未发泡复合材料的,这表明秸秆纤维表面极性增大,秸秆纤维与树脂之间的结合性变差,导致微发泡SF/PP的拉伸强度低于未发泡材料的。结论 适当增加AC含量可使复合材料获得微小、致密的泡孔微观结构,降低材料密度,提升产品的力学性能;但当AC含量过多时,泡孔坍塌会使泡孔直径增大、泡孔结构...     

一步法交联模压发泡聚丙烯的力学性能

以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)为助交联剂、偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为发泡剂,采用一步法化学交联模压发泡制备聚丙烯发泡材料(EPP),考察不同塑化参数(温度和时间)与模压工艺(温度和时间)对EPP材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,当DCP用量为1.2～1.4份,物料在130℃～140℃温度下塑...     

交联剂对HDPE/竹粉复合发泡材料性能的影响

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基体塑料,偶氮二甲酰胺与氧化锌复配物为发泡剂,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂,采用两步模压发泡法制备了HDPE/竹粉复合发泡材料,并研究了交联剂对复合材料密度和回弹性能、发泡性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明:当交联剂的添加质量分数为0.6%时,HDPE/竹粉复合发泡材料的密度达最小值,为0.054 g/cm~3;回弹率达最大值,为90.5%;当交联剂的添加质量分数为0.4%时,复合发泡材料的泡孔分布相对多而均匀,弯曲强度达最大值,为29.3 MPa,相比未发泡材料约低8.2%,冲击强度为6.8 k J/m~2,相比未发泡材料约低16%。     

聚丙烯/β-环糊精复合材料发泡性能及力学性能的研究

以β-环糊精(BC)为成核剂,通过微孔注塑发泡工艺制备了发泡聚丙烯(PP)复合材料。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术,研究了不同含量BC (0.25%～7%,质量分数,下同)对发泡聚丙烯复合材料发泡性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着BC的加入,PP的发泡性能得到明显改善。添加7%的BC可以得到理想的泡孔形貌,泡孔直径为27.17μm,密度达1.23×10~7cell/cm~3。BC的加入使PP的结晶温度、结晶速率、粘度均有明显改善,有利于PP在更高温度下结晶并防止泡孔坍塌和并泡。与发泡聚丙烯材料相比,发泡PP/BC复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、冲击强度分别提高了21.2%、7%、12%。     

纳米碳酸钙浸渍改性工艺对竹塑复合材料拉伸性能的影响

为探寻竹纤维表面改性技术应用于植物纤维增强热塑性聚合物复合材料中的理论依据,用硫酸盐法制取竹纤维,以聚丙烯(PP)为基体,竹纤维为增强相,采用平压成型工艺制备竹纤维/PP复合材料,探索了纳米碳酸钙(CaCO_3)浸渍改性工艺对复合材料拉伸性能的影响,并利用场发射环境扫描电镜、力学测试机对其断口形貌和力学性能进行表征。结果表明:在温度25℃,搅拌速度500r/min的条件下,当纳米CaCO_3添加量为1.00×10-2 g/mL,分散剂EDTA-2Na添加量为8.50×10-4 g/mL,浸渍混合时间为25min时,竹纤维/PP复合材料的拉伸性能较优。     

高密度聚乙烯/低密度聚乙烯共混材料的模压发泡

用模压发泡法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混发泡材料,研究了偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)发泡剂)、HDPE的用量及模压发泡工艺对于HDPE/LDPE共混泡沫的表观密度、力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着HDPE用量增加,共混发泡材料的表观密度、撕裂强度和拉伸强度均逐渐增加。在一定范围内,AC发泡剂用量增加,泡沫材料的表观密度和力学性能先下降后增加。发泡时间为10min时泡沫表观密度较低,再延长发泡时间,泡沫表观密度变化较小。在0MPa~10MPa范围,模压压力增加,泡沫表观密度缓慢下降。在温度为170℃~180℃范围内,温度升高,泡沫密度逐渐下降。电镜扫描图显示,HDPE/LDPE共混发泡材料泡孔均匀,且多为闭孔。     

高密度聚乙烯/低密度聚乙烯共混材料的模压发泡EI北大核心CSCD

用模压发泡法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混发泡材料,研究了偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)发泡剂)、HDPE的用量及模压发泡工艺对于HDPE/LDPE共混泡沫的表观密度、力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着HDPE用量增加,共混发泡材料的表观密度、撕裂强度和拉伸强度均逐渐增加。在一定范围内,AC发泡剂用量增加,泡沫材料的表观密度和力学性能先下降后增加。发泡时间为10min时泡沫表观密度较低,再延长发泡时间,泡沫表观密度变化较小。在0MPa^10MPa范围,模压压力增加,泡沫表观密度缓慢下降。在温度为170℃~180℃范围内,温度升高,泡沫密度逐渐下降。电镜扫描图显示,HDPE/LDPE共混发泡材料泡孔均匀,且多为闭孔。     

碳纤维/有机硅改性环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

介绍了一种碳纤维/有机硅改性环氧树脂复合材料的性能研究情况.对该复合材料的力学性能、热常数和烧蚀性能进行了初步测试.结果表明,其拉伸强度达到558MPa,拉伸模量达到44.0GPa,层间剪切强度为16.6MPa,导热系数不超过0.3 W/(m*K),氧-乙炔烧蚀的线烧蚀率为0.049mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.0595g/s.通过与常用的碳/酚醛材料比较,碳纤维/有机硅改性环氧树脂复合材料的性能较优.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...