氧化铝纤维/红柱石复合材料的制备与性能

笔者针对红柱石和氧化铝纤维广泛的应用前景，通过两者的复合来提高红柱石制品的使用性能，采用传统无压烧结工艺制备氧化铝纤维增强红柱石基复合材料。探讨了红柱石细粉的粒度、氧化铝纤维的加入量和烧成温度对氧化铝纤维增强红柱石基复合材料物理性能以及常温力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着红柱石细粉粒度的降低，氧化铝纤维团聚现象加剧，由于纤维与基质的界面结合力较强，原料粒度的变化对材料常温力学性能影响不大；当氧化铝纤维加入量为5％。10％时，材料的体积密度最大，常温耐压强度和抗折强度最好，超过10％后由于纤维的团聚，材，料的力学性能显著下降；当烧成温度超过1400℃后纤维与基体开始反应，随着烧成温度的进一步提高，纤维遭到破坏的程度加剧。     

无机纤维增强哥窑龙泉青瓷胎体研究

以哥窑龙泉青瓷胎体材料为基础,通过引入高强度无机纤维对其进行增强,研究对比了氧化铝纤维与莫来石纤维的加入量对哥窑龙泉青瓷胎体材料的微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:两种纤维均通过"拔出效应"提高哥窑胎体的抗弯强度,随着增强纤维加入量的增加,抗弯强度经历了先上升后下降的过程,烧结收缩率持续逐渐降低,在胎体中更稳定的莫来石纤维的增强效果优于氧化铝纤维,当莫来石纤维加入4%时,抗弯强度最大。     

氧化铝微粉加入量对低碳镁碳砖性能的影响

以电熔镁砂、石墨、金属Al和氧化铝微粉为主要原料,热塑性酚醛树脂为结合剂,制备了w(C)5%的低碳镁碳砖试样,研究了氧化铝微粉加入量(其质量分数分别为0、3%、5%、7%、9%)对低碳镁碳砖的常温物理性能、抗热震性和抗氧化性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着氧化铝微粉加入量的增加,低碳镁碳砖试样的体积密度、常温强度和高温强度均先升高后降低,显气孔率则先降低后升高;抗热震性和抗氧化性随微粉加入量的增加呈先改善后变差的趋势;其中,微粉加入量为5%的低碳镁碳试样综合性能最好。(2)低碳镁碳砖试样性能的改善主要是由于加入的氧化铝微粉和MgO在高温下原位反应生成连续分布的尖晶石,增强了基质的陶瓷结合;但氧化铝微粉加入量过大时,由于大量原位反应引起材料产生过大的体积膨胀,会导致基质结构疏松,从而恶化镁碳砖的性能。     

陶瓷纤维增强氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料的力学性能

将陶瓷纤维与氧化硅溶胶复合经超临界干燥得到陶瓷纤维增强氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料.研究了陶瓷纤维体积分数以及气凝胶密度对材料力学性能的影响,分析了纤维对气凝胶隔热复合材料的增强机制.结果表明:纤维与气凝胶复合后,气凝胶充分填充纤维之间的空隙,复合材料力学性能得到显著改善.气凝胶隔热复合材料的力学性能随纤维体积分数的增大先增后减,随气凝胶密度的增大则逐渐增大.当纤维体积分数为7.6%,气凝胶密度为0.202g/cm3时,材料抗拉强度、抗弯强度分别为1.44,1.31 MPa,抗压强度可达0.59MPa(10%形变)、1.28MPa(25%变).     

晶须/纤维增强3D打印氧化锆多孔陶瓷制备及性能研究

钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）是一种抗氧化性和耐久性优异的陶瓷,够承受高温,非常适合作热防护材料。采用乳液/泡沫模板法将其制成具有微米级孔的多孔结构,再以氧化铝晶须或氧化锆纤维作为增强相,然后结合直写成型这种3D打印成型技术,又可在毫米级孔尺度上获得设计的自由。由此制备的梯度多孔结构,不仅可以增大材料的比表面积,减小体积密度,更能大大提高多孔YSZ的力学性能。研究增强体的类型、加入量及烧结温度对多孔氧化锆陶瓷微观形貌结构的影响,分析其与抗压强度的相互作用关系。结果表明,氧化铝晶须和氧化锆纤维的加入,均能有效提高多孔氧化锆陶瓷孔的抗压强度,晶须的增强效果更好。氧化锆纤维加入量为4wt%的多孔氧化锆陶瓷孔隙率最高,抗压强度提升最小,为166.6MPa。在1500℃烧结温度下,当氧化锆纤维加入量为8wt%时,抗压强度最大,达到269.36MPa。     

加入陶瓷空心微珠对氧化铝空心球轻质浇注料性能的影响

为了降低氧化铝空心球轻质浇注料的体积密度并优化其综合性能,在氧化铝空心球轻质浇注料中引入陶瓷空心微珠替代部分高铝矾土粉,研究陶瓷空心微珠加入量(质量分数分别为0、2%、4%、6%和8%)对该浇注料的体积密度、常温强度、热导率、烧后线变化率的影响。结果表明,在氧化铝空心球轻质浇注料中引入陶瓷空心微珠替代部分高铝矾土粉,可以降低氧化铝空心球轻质浇注料的体积密度和热导率,但耐压强度和常温抗折强度也稍有降低。从综合性能来看,氧化铝空心球轻质浇注料中陶瓷空心微珠的最佳加入量为2%~4%(w)。     

加入氧化铝空心球对莫来石浇注料性能的影响

为了提高以莫来石为主原料、纯铝酸钙水泥为结合剂的莫来石浇注料的性能,在其中添加氧化铝空心球,并研究其加入量(质量分数分别为0、10%、20%和30%)对该浇注料体积密度、显气孔率、热导率、常温强度、荷重软化温度、抗热震性的影响。结果表明:随着氧化铝空心球加入量的增加,试样的显气孔率增大,体积密度减小,常温抗折强度和耐压强度降低,热导率减小,荷重软化温度及抗热震性能变化不大。可见,在莫来石浇注料中引入氧化铝空心球,可明显改善浇注料的保温性能。     

红柱石粒度对氧化铝纤维增强红柱石基复合材料烧结性能的影响

以南非红柱石和多晶氧化铝纤维为原料,在纤维加入量(w)分别为5%、10%、15%和20%,烧成温度分别为1350℃和1500℃的条件下,研究了红柱石原料粒度为0.2～101.5μm和0.1～34.7μm时对传统无压烧结工艺制备的氧化铝纤维增强红柱石基复合材料烧结性能的影响。结果表明:随着红柱石粒度的减小,基体材料的莫来石化温度和烧结温度明显降低,但纤维团聚现象加剧;由于纤维与基体界面结合力较强,纤维的增强作用以纤维的脱粘和断裂为主;在材料烧结后,红柱石粒度的变化对其常温耐压强度影响不大。     

铝粉加入量对刚玉基复合材料性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉砂为骨料(质量分数为60%,其中3～1mm的占45%,≤1mm的占15%),以电熔白刚玉粉(≤0.074mm和≤0.044mm)、Al2O3微粉及金属铝粉(≤0.088mm)为基质料(总质量分数为40%),改变基质料中金属铝粉的加入量(分别为0、2.5%、5%、7.5%和10%),外加3%的热固性酚醛树脂,混练均匀后,机压成标型砖,经(180±5)℃24h干燥后,于1500℃3h埋炭烧成,研究了金属铝粉加入量对烧后试样显气孔率、体积密度、烧后线变化率和常温耐压强度的影响。结果表明:加入适量金属铝粉能促进材料的烧结,加入5%的铝粉时,材料的体积密度较大,常温耐压强度最高,显气孔率最低;但加入量超过5%以后,又会影响材料的性能,因此适宜的铝粉加入量确定为5%。显微结构分析表明,加入的铝粉在高温埋炭条件下原位生成了Al(O,N,C)纤维增强相,使试样的强度提高,其高温抗折强度(1400℃)达到了58MPa。     

纤维增强冰模板氧化铝多孔陶瓷的微观结构与力学性能

采用定向冷冻冰模板法制备了具有定向直通孔结构的纤维增韧氧化铝多孔陶瓷以及纯颗粒氧化铝多孔陶瓷,研究了固含量和纤维引入对材料微观结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着固含量从15%(体积分数)提高至40%,材料的微观形貌从层状孔到枝状孔再到各向同性孔变化,层间距逐渐减小直到消失;材料的强度从7 MPa提高至70 MPa;纤维的引入增大了层间距并在层状孔壁间形成桥联,从而降低了材料的密度;在低固含量时,纤维的引入改变了直通孔多孔材料的应力应变行为,形成应力平台区,使得冰模板多孔陶瓷从脆性断裂转变为渐进式断裂,材料的抗压强度和断裂能量吸收能力提高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.