Flavourzyme酶水解蛋清蛋白的工艺研究

以水解度和蛋白质残留量为指标,研究温度、pH、酶用量及蛋清浓度对Flavourzyme酶解蛋清蛋白的影响,并通过正交试验来确定其最佳工艺。结果是温度55℃、pH6.5、加酶量为质量分数6%、蛋清料液质量体积比1 g:5 m L为最佳工艺参数。在该条件下,6 h酶解物的蛋白质残留率为27.68%,水解度为38.75%,水解物的相对分子质量大部分集中在300以下,即主要以游离氨基酸及二肽形式存在。     

不同酶水解对鸡蛋清蛋白降解和潜在致敏性的影响

酶水解是降低食物过敏原致敏性的一种常用手段,本文分别利用胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶水解鸡蛋清蛋白,通过三羟甲基氨基甘氨酸-十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（Tricine-SDS-PAGE）,并结合水解度（邻苯二甲醛法）分析监测蛋清蛋白的酶解过程,进一步利用制备的兔抗蛋清蛋白多克隆抗体血清和鸡蛋过敏患者血清池评估酶解产物的抗原性和致敏性。结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶能够有效的水解蛋清蛋白,并且所得酶解产物的抗原性和致敏性较低,其中,木瓜蛋白酶水解蛋清蛋白后产物的抗原性降低了59.23%,致敏性降低了4.91%;碱性蛋白酶水解蛋清蛋白后产物的抗原性降低了57.61%,致敏性降低了4.55%。因此,木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶对鸡蛋清蛋白降解及致敏性降低方面均有显著影响。      

蛋清蛋白凝胶改性及其在肉制品加工中的应用

蛋清蛋白具有凝胶性、起泡性、乳化性等功能特性,生产加工中通常采用改性处理的方法提高蛋清蛋白的凝胶特性及凝胶稳定性。文章综述了蛋清蛋白的改性方法以及改性蛋清蛋白在肉制品加工中应用的研究现状,并对蛋清蛋白改性方法的创新及应用进行了展望。     

鸭蛋清蛋白多肽体外抗氧化活性的研究

对经"蛋清水解专用蛋白酶-碱性蛋白酶"和"碱性蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶"双酶分步酶解鸭蛋清蛋白得到的多肽的抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明,当"蛋清水解专用蛋白酶-碱性蛋白酶"酶解蛋清蛋白的水解度为21%时,多肽的抗氧化活性最高,其对二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O2-·)的清除率和对大豆卵磷脂过氧化作用的抑制率分别为75.76%、84.17%、72.73%和47.59%;当"碱性蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶"酶解蛋清蛋白的水解度为15%时,多肽的抗氧化活性最高,其对DPPH·、·OH、O2-·的清除率和对大豆卵磷脂过氧化作用的抑制率分别为75.15%、93.84%、58%和40.51%。产物肽的分子量均分布在小于5300D的范围内。     

Preparation of antioxidant peptide from egg white protein and improvement of its activities assisted by high-intensity pulsed electric field

BACKGROUND: Egg white protein powder was hydrolyzed by three proteases—alcalase, trypsin, and pepsin—to produce antioxidant peptides. Three kinds of hydrolysates were prepared under optimal enzymatic parameters that were obtained from the preliminary one‐factor‐at‐a‐time test and response surface methodology. Thereafter, three enzymatic hydrolysates were sequentially fractionated by ultrafiltration membranes in cut‐off MW of 30, 10, and 1 kDa, and tested in terms of their reducing power (RP). Effects of high‐intensity pulsed electric field (PEF) were further investigated on the antioxidant peptides to improve their activities. RESULTS: Alcalase hydrolysates possessed stronger RP ability than the other two hydrolysates, particularly for the fraction within < 1 kDa. After PEF treatment, this fraction showed an improvement of RP ability within 4 h; however, the effects were reversible. High‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed some MW changes of PEF‐treated sample compared with control. CONCLUSIONS: Among the three kinds of proteases, alcalase could be regarded as the most appropriate enzyme for preparation of bioactive peptide from egg white protein, with the best antioxidant activity. Also, PEF showed some effects on the peptide and could be further applied to improve its antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同酶处理对鸡蛋清中卵白蛋白致敏性的影响

选取了木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶和动物蛋白水解酶,并利用单因素实验,以水解度为指标,确定各种蛋白酶对蛋清蛋白最佳的酶解工艺参数。在此基础上,对蛋清蛋白进行水解,通过SDS-PAGE和间接竞争ELISA检测各蛋白酶蛋清水解液,比较各蛋白酶对蛋清中卵白蛋白抗原性降低效果。SDS-PAGE结果显示木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和动物水解蛋白酶对卵白蛋白的降解效果较明显,胰蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶的降解效果不明显;间接竞争ELISA检测结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对卵白蛋白抗原性的降低作用更有效,分别达到了57.8%和49.6%,其他几种酶都在30%左右。因此可以选用木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对研究开发脱敏鸡蛋食品做进一步研究。