丛毛红曲霉工程菌TI- 25 高产莫纳可林K发酵工艺优化

为优化丛毛红曲霉工程菌TI-25 高产莫纳可林K（monacolin K,MK）的发酵工艺,以菌株TI-25 作为研究对象,以MK 产量为评价指标,采用固态发酵方式,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面优化设计,探究丛毛红曲霉工程菌TI-25 高产MK 的最佳发酵工艺。结果表明：发酵瓶装米量、初始加水量和发酵变温时间均会显著影响发酵产物的MK 产量,而发酵时间、种子液培养基初始pH 值和种子液接种量对发酵产物的MK 产量的影响较小。因此,选取发酵瓶装米量、初始加水量、发酵变温时间3 个因素进行响应面优化设计。优化结果表明,菌株TI-25 固态发酵产MK 的最佳发酵工艺为发酵瓶装米量20 g/350 mL,初始加水量32.38 mL,30 ℃培养3 d 后,变温为28 ℃继续培养12 d,种子液接种量10%,种子液培养基初始pH4.5,在此条件下发酵培养,发酵产物红曲米中的MK 产量高达635.12 mg/kg。     

高产Monacolin K的青稞功能红曲发酵工艺优化研究

选用青稞为原料,在固态发酵条件下,研究青稞接种从毛红曲霉（Monascus pilosus）后发酵过程中不同因素对Monacolin K产量的影响。对不同培养基配方及发酵条件等进行单因素试验优化,并以发酵温度、接种量和初始pH值为影响因素,确定产Monacolin K的青稞功能红曲的最优发酵工艺条件。结果表明,以pH 4.0的水浸泡至无白心后蒸煮20 min的青稞米为基础培养基,添加0.6%蛋白胨、0.3%酵母提取物和0.3%磷酸二氢钾,装料量160 g/500 mL,接种10%从毛红曲菌液体菌种,变温发酵,32 ℃发酵2 d后降温至25 ℃发酵21 d。此优化条件下Monacolin K产量可达1.52%。     

基于红曲高产莫纳可林K的固态发酵工艺条件优化

利用响应面法优化红曲固态发酵产莫纳可林K的工艺条件。在采用变温发酵,发酵时间固定的条件下,单因素试验研究接种量、装料量、玉米粉添加量和蛋白胨添加量等4个因素对红曲固态发酵莫纳可林K产量的影响。在此基础上,应用Design-Expert软件建立数学模型,进行四因素三水平的响应面分析。结果表明,红曲固态发酵高产莫纳可林K工艺条件为接种量17.50%,装料量32.95 g/250 mL、玉米粉添加量3.80%和蛋白胨添加量2.37%。此条件下进行验证试验,莫纳可林K产量为11.25 mg/g,与回归方程预测值无显著差异,说明该法优化红曲固态发酵过程中莫纳可林K的产量可行。     

燕麦麸皮与红曲粉混合发酵条件的优化（网络首发、推荐阅读）

以燕麦麸皮为底物,加入红曲粉进行混合发酵,同时,以燕麦麸红曲混合物中的有效降脂成分为评价指标,通过单因素实验优化发酵工艺条件（发酵时间、发酵用水pH以及红曲粉添加量）。结果表明：发酵时间为72 h、pH为6.7、红曲粉添加量为10 g时,发酵产物中莫纳可林K、红曲色素、β-葡聚糖的含量分别为3.76 mg/g、27.58和 3.31%,与优化前混合物相比,莫纳可林K和红曲色素分别增加了38.2%和23.0%,而β-葡聚糖仅降低41.2%。燕麦红曲发酵产物同时含有较高含量的三种降脂成分,是燕麦麸皮综合利用和降脂食品的新途径。     

添加葡萄糖及大豆源基质提高红曲monacolin K产量的研究

为探究大豆粉中促进红曲菌产莫纳可林K(monacolin K,MK)的关键组分,筛选替代大豆粉生产高MK含量功能性红曲的基质,以丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)MS-1为试验菌株,以大米为主要发酵基质,分析经典碳源葡萄糖及几种大豆源基质对红曲菌产MK的影响。结果表明,分别添加3%(质量分数)大豆异黄酮或5%(质量分数)大豆分离蛋白均可显著促进MK的产生(P<0.05)。添加3%(质量分数)葡萄糖对红曲菌产MK有显著抑制作用,但同时添加5%大豆分离蛋白和3%葡萄糖对红曲菌产MK有显著协同促进作用(P<0.05)。与添加大豆粉相比,同时添加5%大豆分离蛋白和3%葡萄糖更利于MK的产生,所得发酵产物MK的产量分别是添加豆粉和对照所得发酵产物MK产量的1.53倍和16.80倍。该研究结果可为生产高MK含量的功能性红曲提供理论和技术支持,还可为采用葡萄糖及大豆分离蛋白替代大豆粉生产高MK含量功能性红曲提供参考。     

紫苏叶对红曲菌产色素和莫纳可林K及抗氧化物的影响

以高产莫纳可林K（MK）及红曲色素（MPs）、不产桔霉素的丛毛红曲菌（Monascus pilosus）MS-1为实验菌株,优化已有的固态发酵工艺,考察添加紫苏叶对红曲菌产MPs、MK及抗氧化物的影响。结果表明,添加10%紫苏叶时MPs和MK的产量最高（P＜0.05）。添加紫苏叶及紫苏叶提取液均可显著促进菌株MS-1产MPs和MK（P＜0.05）,但两种添加方式对菌株MS-1产MPs及MK的影响无显著差异（P＞0.05）。添加紫苏叶后色价和MK产量可分别达211.73 U/g和8.15 mg/g,分别为对照的1.35和1.36倍。紫苏红曲粗提物的DPPH清除率显著高于对照（P＜0.05）,可达48.71%。然而,紫苏红曲中迷迭香酸含量仅为0.032 mg/g,而紫苏叶中迷迭香酸含量高达14.71 mg/g。添加紫苏叶不仅可促使红曲菌产MPs及MK,还可能促使红曲菌产抗氧化物质,从而提高其发酵产物的抗氧化能力。     

丛毛红曲菌固态发酵山药产莫纳可林K的影响因素研究

该研究以新鲜山药为发酵基质,采用丛毛红曲菌（Monascus pilosus）MS-1固态发酵山药,探究新鲜山药、干山药、山药品种、蔗糖、山药块茎大小、乳酸等因素分别对发酵山药中莫纳可林K（MK）产量的影响。结果表明,新鲜山药更有利产生MK,当发酵基质为新鲜铁棍山药,蔗糖添加量为3%,山药块茎大小为（0.5 cm×0.5 cm×0.5 cm）,乳酸添加量为0.3%时,MK产量可达8.10 mg/g。该研究可为山药的精深加工提供新思路,对新型红曲产品的开发也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

枯草芽孢杆菌DC⁃1产维生素K2的发酵条件优化

为提高微生物发酵法生产维生素K2 的产量和多样性,对枯草芽孢杆菌DC?1 的发酵条件进行优化。采用单因素试验对其发酵条件包括碳源、氮源和无机盐进行初步优化,通过Plackett?Burman（PB）试验筛选出对DC?1产维生素K2具有显著性影响的因素,应用响应面Box?Behnken 设计优化获得DC?1 的最优发酵条件。结果表明,DC?1产维生素K2的最优发酵条件为甘油添加量36.5 g/L、糖蜜添加量31.8 g/L、黄豆粉添加量32.5 g/L、KH2PO4浓度0.3 g/100 mL、K2HPO4·3H2O 浓度0.8 g/100 mL、MgSO4·7H2O 浓度0.7 g/100 mL、NaCl 浓度0.5 g/100 mL。在该条件下,MK?7 产量达到94.66 mg/L,比初始发酵条件提高了48.04%;同时菌株DC?1产维生素K2 的多样性增加,经液相色谱?质谱联用（liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer,LC?MS）鉴定能同时产5 种MK 同系物,分别为MK?2、MK?3、MK?4 和MK?7,其中一个类似物未能在高分辨率质谱中找到,根据保留时间推测其为MK?5 或MK?6,可为维生素K2 的工业化生产和探索维生素K2 同系物的生物活性奠定基础。     

酪蛋白水解物和吐温-80对红曲红色素发酵的影响

研究了在液体发酵培养基中添加酪蛋白水解物和吐温对提高红曲红色素产量的影响。结果表明,酪蛋白水解物最适添加量为0.2g/50mL,色价达到108U/mL,比对照组提高了105%;吐温的最适添加量为0.15g/50mL,色价达到82.4U/mL,比对照组提高了56%。     

乳糖醇调节液态发酵红曲菌生长及莫纳可林K代谢的研究

以紫色红曲菌TY02为出发菌株,以黏米粉为碳源,大豆水解液和玉米浆为氮源,通过添加莫纳可林K(Monacolin K,MK)代谢促进剂：麦芽糖醇、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、乳糖醇和异麦芽糖醇,进行了液态发酵MK的研究。研究发现最佳的糖醇种类为乳糖醇,对MK的代谢具有显著的促进作用(P<0.05)。随后通过实验发现,在摇瓶发酵初始时(0 d)添加80 g/L的乳糖醇,紫色红曲菌TY02产总MK、胞外MK由对照组的87、37 mg/L,提高至1 031、754 mg/L,分别提高了10.85倍、19.38倍;胞外MK占比、发酵液开环MK占比由对照组的42.53%、25.33%,提高至73.13%、98.56%,分别提高了71.95%、289.10%。发酵液的检测结果显示,乳糖醇的残留量为1.84 g/L,符合GB 2760—2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》;桔青霉素的含量为6μg/kg,亦符合QB/T 2847—2007《国家轻工行业标准功能性红曲米(粉)》,从而满足了功能红曲作为保健食品的原料要求,实验结果为实现功能红曲的液态发酵量产提供了理论参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the