金属基纤维及糖尿病足袜的研究现状

随着人们饮食结构及生活方式的变化,糖尿病与糖尿病足患者不断增加,他们的健康与生活受到了严重的影响。概述糖尿病的现状以及糖尿病足的定义和引发原因,阐述治疗糖尿病足的金属基纤维的作用及其抗菌机理,列举国内外制备金属基纤维的方法和产品开发现状,介绍国内外糖尿病足袜的研发现状,指出今后金属基纤维糖尿病足袜的发展方向。     

Angelica acutiloba root alleviates advanced glycation end-product-mediated renal injury in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Angelica acutiloba root, a Japanese species of Dong quai being cultivated in Hualien County in eastern Taiwan, is used primarily for gynecological disorders in women. Increasing evidence indicates that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We investigated whether A. acutiloba root is beneficial in the amelioration of AGE-mediated renal injury in a diabetic rat model. Streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats were treated orally with A. acutiloba root extract (AARE) [50, 100, 200 mg/(kg × day)] for 8 wk. Changes in renal function-related parameters in plasma and urine were analyzed at the end of the study. Kidneys were isolated for enzyme immunoassay, pathology histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analyses. Polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids were abundant in AARE. AARE [200 mg/(kg × day)] partially decreased the high plasma glucose level in diabetic rats. Diabetic-dependent alterations in urinary albumin, 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate, creatinine clearance, and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion were ameliorated by AARE treatment. The increased expression of nuclear factor-κB, transforming growth factor-β(1), and the progressive accumulation of fibronectin in kidney of diabetic rats were attenuated by AARE treatment. AARE treatment ameliorated the elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and mitochondrial thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance, as well as the elevated levels of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and receptors for AGEs in kidneys of diabetic rats. The results show that A. acutiloba root has an anti-diabetic property that involves antihyperglycemia accompanied by amelioration of glycation-mediated renal damage.     

Technology for the Manufacture of Diabetic Rosogolla

Diabetic Rosogolla was manufactured by using low-fat cow milk. Six different combinations viz. type of chhana and two different concentrations (40° and 50° Brix) of cooking medium. All of the experimental samples and control were analyzed for physico-chemical, textural, and sensory properties. A 40° Brix concentration of cooking medium was preferred to give a highly acceptable Diabetic Rosogolla. The average composition of Diabetic Rosogolla is moisture—52.20%, fat—4.46%, protein—12.78%, sorbitol—29.66%, and ash—0.89%. Similarly, the rheological properties were hardness—7.85 N, cohesiveness—0.54, springiness—6.06 mm, gumminess—3.8 N, chewiness—26.07 Nmm, fracture force—4.1 N, adhesiveness—0.0272 Nmm, and stiffness—2.17 N/mm. This protocol can be adopted at commercial level and be used to serve the customers who desire fewer calories but cannot resist having the sweets after their meal.     

大豆异黄酮与Vc对糖尿病大鼠抗氧化能力影响的比较

比较大豆异黄酮(soybean isoflavone,SIF)与Vc对糖尿病大鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法:用四氧嘧啶(ALX)建立糖尿病动物模型,正常对照组(N)和糖尿病对照组(DC)以蒸馏水灌胃,大豆异黄酮组(SIF)和Vc组(VC)分别以100mg/(kg·d)的SIF溶液和10.4mg/(kg·d)的Vc溶液灌胃。实验6周后,分别测血清及肝脏中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:DC组灌胃后血糖较灌胃前明显升高(P<0.05),SIF组和Vc组血糖均明显低于灌胃前和DC组(P<0.05)。与DC组相比,SIF组血清和肝脏GSH-Px和SOD活性及肝脏T-AOC明显增强(P<0.05),血清及肝脏MDA含量均明显降低(P<0.05)。Vc组血清GSH-Px和肝脏SOD活性、T-AOC明显高于DC组(P<0.05),MDA含量明显低于DC组(P<0.05)。SIF组和VC组在血清及肝脏T-AOC、SOD、GSH-Px、XOD活性和MDA含量上无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:大豆异黄酮具有降血糖和增强机体抗氧化能力,其抗氧化效果与Vc相当。大豆异黄酮通过降低血糖、改善抗氧化酶活性和抑制脂质过氧化等作用发挥对糖尿病治疗作用。     

亚麻籽油对肥胖小鼠视网膜的保护作用研究

为了研究亚麻籽油对肥胖小鼠视网膜的作用,将小鼠随机分为正常膳食组(标准鼠粮)、高脂膳食组(拌合猪油鼠粮),饲喂8周,分别检测体重及胰岛素抵抗情况,分析其肥胖性糖尿病诱发情况。将诱发成功的小鼠进一步分为两组,即高脂膳食组(拌合猪油鼠粮)及亚麻籽油组(拌合猪油+亚麻籽油鼠粮)。与正常膳食组同步再饲喂8周后,分别检测小鼠的体重、胰岛素抵抗情况,同时处死小鼠,取视网膜组织,以ELISA法检测其视网膜炎症因子IL-10及视网膜血管内皮生长因子VEGF水平。结果表明:连续饲喂8周后,高脂膳食组小鼠出现明显的肥胖、胰岛素抵抗症状,肥胖性糖尿病小鼠造模成功;此后再饲喂8周,相对高脂膳食组,亚麻籽油组小鼠肥胖状况未得到改善(P 0.05),但胰岛素抵抗状况明显改善(P 0.05),IL-10及VEGF水平明显降低(P 0.05)。研究结果说明含亚麻籽油的膳食饲喂可以改善高脂膳食引起的肥胖小鼠的视网膜损伤。     

大豆异黄酮对糖尿病大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的：观察大豆异黄酮（soybean isoflavone，SIF）对糖尿病大鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法：以四氧嘧啶（ALX）为诱导剂建立糖尿病动物模型，正常对照组（N）和糖尿病对照组（DC）以蒸馏水灌胃，大豆异黄酮组（SI）每日以100mg／kg·d的SIF溶液灌胃。实验6周后，分别测血清及肝脏中总抗氧化能力（T．AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果SI组实验后血糖较实验前和DC组明显降低（p〈0．05），DC组实验前血糖较实验后则明显升高（p〈0．05）。与DC组相比，SI组血清和肝脏GSH-Px和SOD抗氧化酶活性明显增强（p〈0．05）接近和超过正常水平，肝脏T．AOC能力明显高于DC和N组（p〈0．05），而血清及肝脏MDA含量均低于DC组（p〈0．05），血清XOD活性较DC组略有降低。结论：大豆异黄酮具有降血糖和增强机体抗氧化能力，其降糖机理与阻止胰腺B细胞和肝脏表面胰岛素受体进一步氧化损伤，修复其功能有关。     

一种适合糖尿病人的复合油脂及其微胶囊化加工工艺研究

通过对常见植物油脂的脂肪酸组成分析,参考欧洲、美国糖尿病协会推荐的糖尿病膳食标准,确定了符合糖尿病人的生理和代谢需求的复合油脂配方,其配方为饱和脂肪酸13.7%,单不饱和脂肪酸63.4%,多不饱和脂肪酸22.6%。同时还对复合油脂的微胶囊化加工工艺进行了研究,确定了微胶囊化加工的最佳工艺参数:黄原胶15%,酪蛋白30%,糊精55%,芯材与壁材的适宜比例为40%,乳化温度50~60℃,微胶囊化后复合油脂抗氧化能力增强。     

骨形态发生蛋白-7与糖尿病肾病的研究进展

骨形态发生蛋白是一种内分泌性多功能蛋白质,属于TGF-β超家族,其中骨形态发生蛋白-7不仅在肾脏发育中具有重要作用,还与许多肾脏疾病有关,特别是与糖尿病肾病密切相关。现对其最新研究进展作一综述。     

麦麸酶解产物与维生素C抗氧化对比分析

为进一步考察麦麸酶解产物(EHWB)抗氧化能力,采用麦麸酶解产物与维生素C喂养糖尿病大鼠,对比血清及肝脏中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,综合了解麦麸酶解产物(EHWB)抗氧化能力。     

川麦冬多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用的实验研究

目的:研究川麦冬多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的影响。方法:腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,分别用蒸馏水、优降糖和两种不同剂量的川麦冬多糖灌胃,于给药21d测定各组小鼠空腹血糖值;分别于给药7、14、21d测定各组小鼠体重;用正常小鼠进行耐糖量实验。结果:川麦冬多糖(200、400mg/kg)能显著改善糖尿病小鼠全身症状、降低糖尿病小鼠和正常小鼠的血糖水平、减少体重的下降(p<0.05,p<0.01)。结论:川麦冬多糖对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠有降血糖作用并能改善小鼠的耐糖力。     

Favorable Glycemic Response of Type 2 Diabetics to Low‐Calorie Cranberry Juice

ABSTRACT: Fruit and vegetable intake is typically low for type 2 diabetics, possibly due to a perceived adverse effect on glycemic control. Cranberry juice (CBJ) may represent an attractive means for increasing fruit intake and simultaneously affording positive health benefits. This single cross‐over design compared metabolic responses of type 2 diabetics (n= 12) to unsweetened low‐calorie CBJ (LCCBJ; 19 Cal/240 mL), carbohydrate sweetened normal calorie CBJ (NCCBJ; 120 Cal/240 mL), isocaloric low‐calorie sugar water control (LCC), and isocaloric normal calorie sugar water control (NCC) interventions. CBJ flavonols and anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins were quantified with HPLC, LC‐MS, and MALDI‐TOF that includes an original characterization of several large oligomeric proanthocyanidins. Blood glucose peaked 30 min postingestion after NCCBJ and NCC at 13.3 ± 0.5 and 12.8 ± 0.9 (mmol/L), and these responses were significantly greater than the LCCBJ and LCC peaks of 8.1 ± 0.5 and 8.7 ± 0.5, respectively. Differences in glycemic response remained significant 60 min, but not 120 min postingestion. Plasma insulin values 60 min postingestion for NCCBJ and NCC interventions were 140 ± 19 and 151 ± 18 (pmol/L), respectively, and significantly greater than the LCCBJ and LCC values of 56 ± 10 and 54 ± 10; differences were not significant 120 min postingestion. Metabolic responses within the 2 high and 2 low‐calorie beverages were virtually identical; however, exposure to potentially beneficial nutrients was greater with CBJ. Relative to conventionally sweetened preparation, LCCBJ provides a favorable metabolic response and should be useful for promoting increased fruit consumption among type 2 diabetics or others wishing to limit carbohydrate intake.     

滁菊总黄酮对糖尿病大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的:观察滁菊总黄酮对糖尿病大鼠血液流变学的影响.方法:采用尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型,观察滁菊总黄酮对糖尿病大鼠凝血时间,体外血栓长度及干、湿重,全血和血浆粘度,红细胞压积和红细胞沉降速率,以及血清一氧化氮(N0)含量的影响.结果:滁菊总黄酮能显著延长糖尿病大鼠凝血时间,降低体外血栓长度和干、湿重,降低红细胞压积,减慢红细胞沉降速率,升高血清NO含量.结论:滁菊总黄酮能够改善糖尿病大鼠血液流变学异常.     

糖尿病足患防治袜及其研究成果

主要介绍了国内外糖尿病足患防治袜研究的最新成果。列举了几种新型的普通糖尿病足患防治袜和智能型糖尿病足患防治袜的功效、作用机理以及所涉及的新型纤维材料和纺织新技术,为我国科研工作者进一步开发新型糖尿病足患防治袜提供参考。     

原儿茶醛对链脲佐菌素诱导小鼠糖尿病心肌病的改善作用

研究了原儿茶醛（Protocatechualdehyde,PCA）对糖尿病心肌病（Diabetic Cardiomyopathy,DCM）小鼠的心脏保护作用及其可能的分子机制。成功构建DCM小鼠模型后给予PCA干预治疗。记录小鼠心脏与体质量比值,测定心功能,检测心肌组织中促炎症因子、肌钙蛋白I、乳酸脱氢酶（Lactate Dehydrogenase,LDH）和肌酸激酶（Creatine Kinase,CK）的表达水平,并通过苏木精-伊红（Hematoxylin Eosin,HE）和马松染色观察了心肌组织的形态学变化。检测心肌组织和大鼠心肌细胞中核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(Nod Like Receptor Protein 3,NLRP3)等蛋白的表达,并评估了PCA对心肌细胞存活率的影响。结果显示,PCA干预DCM小鼠中心脏与体质量比值、射血分数和短轴缩短距分别增加为5.42 mg/g、54.91%和28.07%,血清中LDH、CK和肌钙蛋白I分别降低为538.51 U/L、885.93 U/L和221.87 pg/mL,同时降低了肿瘤坏死因子α,白细胞介素1β和白细胞介素6的...     

蓝莓花青素对糖尿病小鼠器官抗氧化能力的研究

为研究蓝莓花青素对糖尿病小鼠肝、肾、心脏组织的抗氧化能力的影响,以腹腔注射链脲佐菌素,成功制得糖尿病小鼠模型后进行分组。连续给药4周后,测定各组小鼠肝脏、肾脏、心脏组织中的丙二醛含量,超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力,总抗氧化能力以及抑制羟基自由基能力。结果表明:在小鼠器官组织中,模型+剂量组与模型对照组相比,丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力和抑制羟自由基能力显著增加(P0.05),表明蓝莓花青素能保护受损的器官,具有一定的抗氧化作用。     

淀粉类干豆与糖尿病饮食防控

综述了近年来国内外有关淀粉类干豆与糖尿病防控相关的研究证据和可能机制。研究表明,淀粉类干豆具有较低的血糖反应,摄入淀粉类干豆作为主食的一部分有利于降低肥胖、糖尿病及其并发症的发生风险。其原因可能与其较慢的消化速度、膳食纤维和抗营养因子的存在有关。     

苦瓜总皂苷对糖尿病脑病大鼠保护作用

大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病组、糖尿病＋300mg／kg苦瓜总皂苷组,糖尿病＋100mg／kg苦瓜总皂苷组,对各组进行8周治疗后,RT—PCR测定脑组织海马诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的mRNA水平的变化。与糖尿病组相比,糖尿病＋300mg／kg苦瓜总皂苷组iNOS的mRNA表达降低明显（P〈0．05）。苦瓜总皂苷可通过降低糖尿病大鼠脑组织iNOSmRNA的表达,实现对糖尿病脑病的保护作用。     

大叶紫薇总三萜对糖尿病大鼠的降糖效果研究

将大鼠随机分成正常对照组、模型对照组、大叶紫薇总三萜高剂量组和低剂量组,正常对照组与模型对照组喂服生理盐水,高、低剂量组分别按大鼠体重的0.025%和0.01%喂服大叶紫薇总三萜喂服28 d后,测葡萄糖耐量、血糖、尿糖、血脂、体重和糖化血红蛋白以考察大叶紫薇总三萜对糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用.结果表明:大叶紫薇总三萜能非常显著地改善糖尿病大鼠的葡萄糖耐量,降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖,尿糖,血清TC,TG,LDL-C和糖化血红蛋白,升高HDL-C.因此,大叶紫薇总三萜对糖尿病大鼠有降糖效果.     

浅谈糖尿病足人群的鞋靴设计要求

随着社会经济迅猛发展,人们生活水平得到改善和提高,在饮食上不再是粗茶淡饭,这也提高了患糖尿病的机率。而糖尿病足是糖尿病慢性血管性并发症之一,近几年发病率有迅猛增加的势头。本文主要从糖尿病足的分级标准着手,分别从头型、色彩、材质等方面研究和探讨了适合糖尿病足患者的鞋靴,在某种程度上减弱糖尿病足患者穿鞋的疼痛感。