洋葱中黄酮类化合物的提取方法的研究

目的：本文通过探究洋葱中黄酮类物质提取方法,确立提取方法的最优方案,通过纵向对比得出最佳提取方案。方法：热水浸提法、乙醇浸提法和酶解提取法。结果：酶解提取法提取效率最高;最佳提取工艺：酶解PH=5、酶解温度40℃、酶量2.7‰、酶解时间70min。在此工艺条件下,洋葱黄酮类物质质量可达到 5.8649 mg/g。结论：通过对三种方法提取效率进行纵向对比,确定酶解提取法为最佳提取方法。     

洋葱皮中黄酮类化合物的初步分析

对洋葱加工过程产生的废弃物洋葱皮(革质鳞片和部分外层肉质鳞片)中的总黄酮进行了提取纯化,通过黄酮特征颜色反应、薄层层析和光谱分析法对其进行定性分析,并采用紫外分光光度法进行定量分析并对洋葱不同部位的总黄酮含量进行了比较。结果表明:洋葱皮中黄酮成分主要为槲皮素,平均干基含量以槲皮素计为3.7%,显著高于中间和中心部分(P<0.01),有较高的综合利用价值。     

体外化学模拟体系中洋葱黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性的研究

通过测定洋葱黄酮类化合物对亚油酸过氧化、油脂过氧化和脱氧核糖氧化损伤的抑制作用及H2O2诱导的红细胞氧化溶血实验和大鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化实验,研究了洋葱黄酮类化合物的抗氧化作用。实验结果表明:洋葱黄酮类化合物对亚油酸过氧化、油脂过氧化及脱氧核糖的氧化损伤均有良好的抑制作用,并能明显抑制H2O2诱导的红细胞氧化溶血反应和肝组织匀浆脂质过氧化反应的发生,即洋葱黄酮类化合物具有很强的体外抗氧化活性,有望作为天然抗氧化剂及功能性食品得到开发应用。     

洋葱中黄酮类物质的研究进展

黄酮类化合物是洋葱的主要生物活性成分之一,近年来成为研究的热点。本文主要介绍了洋葱中黄酮类化合物的提取、组成成分及其功能性,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

微波辅助提取洋葱黄酮类化合物的工艺研究

利用微波辅助提取洋葱中黄酮类化合物,采用正交试验优化工艺条件。结果表明：影响洋葱黄酮类化合物得率的主次因素顺序为微波萃取时间＞微波功率＞乙醇体积分数＞料液比。最佳的提取工艺参数为微波功率960W、萃取时间60s、乙醇体积分数70%、料液比1:60。在此条件下,黄酮类化合物的得率为1.81%。     

圆葱中精油及黄酮类提取工艺研究

研究了提取溶剂种类、浸提温度、浸提时间、料液比等对圆葱精油及黄酮提取率的影响。试验表明,选择乙酸乙酯作为提取溶剂,料液比为1∶1.25(g∶mL),浸提温度40℃,浸提时间120min时圆葱精油提取率可达到0.19%;在超声波辅助萃取圆葱皮中总黄酮的研究中,乙醇浓度80%,料液比1∶10(g∶mL),超声温度40℃,超声时间15min时提取率最高。     

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of crude onion (Allium cepa,L.) extracts

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate and water subfractions of methanolic extracts of three Spanish onion varieties were assayed. Flavonoids were mainly present in ethyl acetate subfraction being 34.92 ± 0.75, 7.95 ± 0.16, 0.38 ± 0.01 μmol of rutin eq. g^?1 D.W. and its antioxidant capacity was 74.86 ± 1.77, 24.59 ± 0.67, 4.55 ± 0.44 μmol Trolox g^?1 D.W. of Grano de Oro, Fuentes de Ebro and Calçot de Valls varieties, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of flavonol standards and onion extracts was evaluated against some food spoiler microorganisms. Quercetin and kaempferol were inhibitory against gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Microcroccus luteus and Listeria monocytogenes. Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were less sensible to the antimicrobial effect of both flavonol standards and Candida albicans was totally resistant. Among the onion extracts tested only ethyl acetate subfraction showed antimicrobial inhibition.     

洋葱皮黄酮微胶囊技术研究

通过制备洋葱皮黄酮微胶囊,以提高洋葱皮黄酮的稳定性。实验以β-环糊精为壁材,研究了分子包埋法制备微胶囊工艺中不同因素对微胶囊化包埋率的影响。结果表明:芯材与壁材的最佳配比为1∶11.49,搅拌时间60.6min,搅拌温度61℃。在此条件下,产品微胶囊化效率达到41.26%。     

Total phenolics and antioxidants profiles of commonly consumed edible flowers in China

Edible flowers are referred to the non-toxic flowers that can be consumed by human beings for their additional nutritional or medical properties. These flowers are rich source of natural antioxidants, thus exert specific positive health effects on chronic diseases and act as a potential function food. This research paper is focused on the determination of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and antioxidant capacities of different kinds of edible flowers in China and compared systematically. Sixty-five flower samples were collected from parks in Guangzhou and also purchased from Qingping Market. TPC, TFC, and three anti-oxidative assays (DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and Ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) assay) were conducted. Different flowers presented diverse range of antioxidant capacities, phenolic contents, and flavonoid contents. A high correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity (as accessed using three different methods) was reported. However, a low relationship was observed between TFC value and antioxidant capacities. This study revealed that five Rosa species exhibited strong antioxidant capacities among other samples, and these can be used as potential functional foods to counterbalance the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress.     

Flavonoids quercetin,myricetin, kaemferol and (+)‐catechin as antioxidants in methyl linoleate

The antioxidant effect of the flavonoids quercetin, myricetin, kaemferol, (+)‐catechin and rutin on methyl linoleate oxidation was investigated. In addition, the synergistic effects of flavonoids and α‐tocopherol were studied. Oxidation was monitored by conjugated diene measurement and by determining the formation of hydroperoxide isomers by HPLC. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids in non‐polar methyl linoleate differ from that previously reported in water‐containing systems, such as LDL and liposome systems. The activity of antioxidants (10–1000 μM ) measured by hydroperoxide formation decreased in the order: myricetin>quercetin>α‐tocopherol>(+)‐catechin >kaemferol=rutin. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids increased as the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups increased. In addition to the number of hydroxyl groups, other structural features such as the 2,3 double bond in the C‐ring and a glycoside moiety in the molecule had an effect on the antioxidant activity. Myricetin and rutin, especially had a synergistic effect with α‐tocopherol. Myricetin, quercetin and rutin protected α‐tocopherol from decomposition, myricetin being the most protective. The relative hydrogen‐donating activity measured by the ratio of cis,trans‐ to trans,transhydroperoxide isomers formed during oxidation decreased in the order: α‐tocopherol >myricetin>quercetin. Hydroperoxide isomeric distribution of the samples containing kaemferol or rutin did not differ from the control. Thus, although α‐tocopherol was the most effective hydrogendonor, myricetin and quercetin were more effective antioxidants in inhibiting the hydroperoxide formation in methyl linoleate. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of Fresh Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Cultivars

Flavonoid, ascorbic acid and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of “jalapeño” (Veracruz, Mitla, Tam Mild, Jaloro, Sweet Jalapeño), “yellow wax” [(Hungarian Yellow, Long Hot Yellow, Gold Spike (hybrid)], “Chile” (New Mexico-6, Green Chile), “ancho” (San Luis Ancho), and “serrano” (Hidalgo) peppers were investigated at green or yellow stages of maturity. Major pepper flavonoids were quercetin and luteolin which were present in conjugate forms. Total flavonoid content varied from none detectable to 800 mg/kg after hydrolysis. “Chile”, “yellow wax” and “ancho” peppers had greater flavonoid and ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant activities than “jalapeño” peppers. Sep-Pak C₁₈(tm) bound phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, correlated well with antioxidant activity (r²=0.86). Luteolin had highest antioxidant activity followed by capsaicin and quercetin on equimolar basis.     

洋葱皮中黄酮化合物的超声提取与光谱分析

采用超声波法从洋葱皮中提取黄酮类化合物并探讨出最佳提取条件,建立了洋葱皮中黄酮化合物的光谱分析方法.实验结果表明:此光谱分析法的回收率为99.6%～102.1%,变异系数小于0.18%。     

Inhibition of Horse Bean and Germinated Barley Lipoxygenases by Some Phenolic Compounds

Phenolic compounds have been repeatedly implicated as potent antioxidants. Efficiency has been frequently estimated by radical scavenging activity and few reports have considered lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition. Horse bean LOX was inhibited by a range of phenolic acids, gallates and flavonoids. All compounds tested were uncompetitive inhibitors with the exception of flavonol aglycons which were non competitive type. In each class of compounds, inhibition constants were strongly affected by structures. Inhibition patterns of (-)-epicatechin on germinated barley LOXs were detailed: (-)-epicatechin acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor while (-)-epicatechin reduced hydroperoxide formation by its radical scavenging activity and thus limited enzyme activation.