镍基纳米碳管复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能

利用化学镀方法制备镍基纳米碳管复合镀层,用扫描电镜分析了镀层的表面形貌,并用销-盘式磨损试验机研究了复合镀层在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损行为.结果表明:纳米碳管均匀地嵌入在镍基体中,镍基纳米碳管复合镀层具有优良的耐磨性能;由于纳米碳管的自润滑作用,复合镀层的摩擦系数随着纳米碳管体积分数的增加而逐渐降低.     

铝合金上电沉积Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层及其摩擦性能研究

采用复合电沉积法在铝合金表面上制备了镍 磷 碳纳米管（Ni-P-CNTs）复合镀层,并用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对其进行了表征,分析了电流密度和镀液中碳纳米管的质量浓度对复合镀层形貌及其摩擦磨损性能的影响.当电流密度为3.0 A/dm2时可以得到表面光亮、平整的复合镀层,复合镀层中碳纳米管体积分数随着镀液中碳纳米管质量浓度的增加而增加.Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层比Ni-P镀层具有更高的硬度、耐磨性能和更低的摩擦系数.随着复合镀层中碳纳米管体积分数的增加,复合镀层的磨损量和摩擦系数逐渐降低.复合镀层摩擦性能的改善是由于碳纳米管具有优异的力学性能和良好的自润滑性能.     

镍基纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合镀层的制备及性能

为了改善金属基材的表面性能,以钛铁矿为原料,利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法制备了纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合粉体.采用复合电泳电沉积法在不锈钢基体表面制备了镍基纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合镀层;利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、数显维氏硬度计和电化学测试等手段研究了纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合粉体对复合镀层结构和性能的影响.结果表明纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合粉体的加入有效地减小了复合镀层中镍的晶粒尺寸,促进了金属镍沿(111)晶面择优取向生长,改变了镍的电沉积层结构,提高了镀层的硬度,改善了镀层的耐腐蚀性能;在复合粉体的作用下,复合镀层的硬度与纯镍镀层相比提高了110%,腐蚀电位正移了23mV,腐蚀电流密度减少了0.991微安/平方厘米.     

金属镍在碳纳米管薄膜上的电结晶

为了使碳纳米管表面产生某些含氧官能团,使其疏水性表面变为亲水性表面,采用兼具有酸性和氧化性的硝酸和硫酸水溶液对碳纳米管进行表面氧化处理,并利用红外光谱表征了碳纳米管的表面结构.制备了初始浓度为0.5g/L的碳纳米管悬浮液,运用复合电沉积方法在不锈钢基体表面制备碳纳米管薄膜,同时在硫酸镍基础电解液中研究了沉积时间对镍晶粒在碳纳米管薄膜上沉积的表面形貌和微观结构的影响.结果表明:经过混酸氧化处理后的碳纳米管表面拥有丰富的羧基和羟基等含氧官能团;沉积初期镍晶粒在碳纳米管薄膜中的结晶形态呈颗粒状,其结晶位置仅位于碳纳米管表面少数部位,随着沉积时间的延长,镍晶粒在碳纳米管薄膜中逐渐形成准连续的金属层.此外,碳纳米管的存在促进了镍晶粒(111)晶面的生长,影响了特征峰相对强度的变化及晶粒尺寸的减小.     

金刚石含量对化学复合镀镍-磷-金刚石镀层耐磨性能的影响

通过调整化学镀工艺,在纯铝基体上制备不同金刚石含量的镍-磷-金刚石(Ni-P-D)复合镀层,研究Ni-P-D复合镀层中金刚石的含量对镀层组织结构、形貌、硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,并根据镀层的摩擦磨损行为,分析Ni-P-D复合镀层耐磨性提高的原因,优化Ni-P-D复合镀层的制备方法.研究结果表明,采用聚乙二醇和硅酸钠分别...     

Ni-SiO2复合镀层组织和性能的研究

应用电刷镀技术在45钢表面制备含有微米SiO2的镍基复合镀层,研究了复合镀层表面形貌,测试了镀层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,分析了微米陶瓷颗粒沉积量对镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响.实验结果表明,微米陶瓷颗粒复合镀层较快速镍镀层具有更高的显微硬度和良好的耐磨性.     

稀土元素镧和锶对镍基钎焊料焊接性能的影响

碳化钨(WC)复合涂层是一种高温下使用的有效耐磨蚀保护涂层.在BNi-2钎料粉末中添加稀土粉末,用机械合金化技术制备了改进的BNi-2钎料粉末,并在Q235钢基体上制备了碳化钨复合涂层;采用SEM观察了涂层显微组织,分析了稀土元素La和Ce对钎料焊接性能的影响规律.结果表明,在BNi-2合金中分别加入0.1 Wt.%稀土元素La,0.05 Wt.%稀土元素Ce,并采用机械合金化制备的粉状镍基焊料,与母材润湿性良好,焊接性能有所提高.采用此焊料及渗透钎焊技术可以制备出界面结合良好的WC复合涂层.     

纳米SiO2颗粒镍基复合刷镀层组织与磨损特性

应用电刷镀技术制备含有纳米SiO2的镍基复合镀层,测试了该镀层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,分析了纳米陶瓷颗粒沉积量对镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响,研究了复合镀层表面形貌、陶瓷颗粒分布的特点．试验结果表明,纳米陶瓷颗粒复合镀层比快镍镀层具有更高的显微硬度和良好的耐磨性．     

Ni60/高铝青铜多元多相复合涂层制备及其微观结构特征

为了研究Ni基/Cu基复合合金涂层的微观结构特征,采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45#钢基体上制备了高铝青铜质量分数30%的镍基合金/高铝青铜多元多相复合涂层。对复合涂层的组织结构特征、元素分布、相结构组成以及涂层的微观缺陷进行研究分析。结果表明:所制备的复合涂层中2种合金微结构呈叠加层状分布,组织结构具有梯度复合涂层特征,致密度高,微界面结合良好。高铝青铜合金和Ni60合金元素呈交错分布,相互之间出现互扩散特点。高铝青铜合金具有对Ni基合金微粒包裹作用和对微界面填充作用,并且2种合金之间发生了冶金反应,微界面结合牢靠。相对于纯Ni60合金涂层,高铝青铜的加入有效降低了复合涂层缺陷率,减小了缺陷尺寸。     

仿生凹坑与纳米碳化硅/镍基复合镀层耦合表面的磨损性能

为了探讨凹坑形态与纳米碳化硅/镍基复合镀层耦合表面的磨损性能,采用激光技术和电沉积技术制备了由凹坑形态和纳米碳化硅/镍基复合镀层构成的仿生耦合表面,并进行了摩擦和磨损试验。结果表明,仿生耦合表面的磨损性能高于单纯复合镀层的磨损性能;随着磨损载荷的增加和磨损时间的延长,试样表面磨损机制由以塑性磨损为主逐渐转变成以粘着磨损、磨粒磨损为主的磨损机制。     

镁合金表面HA/CNTs涂层的制备及电化学性能研究

为了提高生物镁合金羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层的耐蚀性能,在微弧氧化电解液中加入羟基磷灰石/碳纳米管(HA/CNTs)复合粉体添加剂,制备HA/CNTs复合涂层。分别对制备的HA/CNTs复合粉体和HA/CNTs复合涂层进行表面形貌和物相组成分析,并对HA/CNTs复合涂层在模拟体液(SBF)中的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,HA/CNTs复合粉体在微弧氧化过程中能均匀地沉积在镁合金表面,结晶良好且无任何杂质;与HA涂层相比,HA/CNTs涂层具有较小的腐蚀电流密度值和较大的阻抗值。此外,在SBF中浸泡4d后,HA/CNTs复合涂层表面出现大量的亚微米级颗粒产物且没有任何腐蚀裂纹。     

Properties and Structure of Magnesium Matrix Composite Reinforced with CNTs

By using high pure Magnesium (99.9 wt% ) as matrix and multi-walled bended carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) as reinforced phase, carbon nanotubes/magnesium matrix composite was prepared to the foundry method under the argon gas protection, and its mechanical properties were tested. The interface structure and component of plating and un-plating carbon nanotubes were analyzed by TEM and EDS , and the action mechanism was discussed. The experiment results show that the CNTs con strengthen mechanical properties of the nano-tube-reinforced Mg matrix composite, the tensile strength and elongation ratio are greatly improved. Furthermore, the plating CNTs are better than un-plating CNTs in strengthening effects. The tensile strength is inereased by 150% and the elongation ratio is increased by 30% than that of matrix when content of CNTs is 0.67 wt%.     

Preparation and Performance of Corona-proof Conductive Composite Coatings

Because of its merits,acrylic resin was chosen to improve the mechanical,conductive and hydrophobic properties.Carbon fiber powders (CF),carbon nanotubes (MWCNT),and nano-TiO₂ were incorporated into the acrylic resin to prepare the corona-proof conductive composite coatings.The incorporation of CF and MWCNT may improve the conductivity and mechanical strength of the coatings.However,the addition of nano-TiO₂ may increase the hydrophobicity of the coatings.Thus,the effects o...     

激光熔覆Cr3C2/Fe复合涂层的组织与磨损性能

采用5kWCO2连续激光器在低碳钢表面激光熔覆Fe基合金涂层（Fe55）及添加20%Cr3C（2质量分数）的Fe基合金复合涂层（Cr3C2/Fe）,研究了两种涂层的组织结构、显微硬度及耐滑动磨损性能。结果表明,Fe55涂层以亚共晶方式结晶,在初生柱状固溶体枝晶间存在大量的网状共晶组织。Cr3C2/Fe涂层中Cr3C2大部分溶解,原Fe55涂层中初生柱状固溶体枝晶产生等轴化,枝晶组织也明显细化。激光熔覆Fe55涂层主要由α-Fe和Cr23C6组成,Cr3C2/Fe涂层的主要组成相为γ-Fe;α-Fe,Cr23C6以及未熔Cr3C2。激光熔覆Cr3C2/Fe涂层的硬度和耐磨性明显优于Fe55涂层。     

公共选择学派的制度理论及其对中国政府改革的启示

公共选择学派的制度理论主要包括：以经济人假设作为政治制度设计的逻辑起点;自由主义制度观;政府失败来自政府制度设计上的缺陷;代议制度是经济上国家干预主义的根本原因;制度变革是提高政府效能的关键。中国政府改革在坚持依法行政、合理界定政府职能、从制度上规范政府与市场的关系、完善民主制度等方面可从中得到一些有益启示。     

电沉积nano-Al_2O_3/Ni+Co梯度复合镀层

采用电沉积方法以灰铸铁为基体制备了金属与纳米陶瓷复合镀层,基质金属为镍钴,第二相纳米陶瓷颗粒选用Al2O3。通过表面形态观察可知,由于纳米颗粒的高活性表面为沉积过程提供了大量的核心,使得复合镀层较金属镍钴镀层组织致密,晶粒细小。线扫描成分分析表明:镀层中纳米颗粒含量呈梯度分布。对其显微硬度进行测量,结果显示:复合镀层显微硬度由表层到里层呈梯度分布。耐磨性试验表明:复合镀层中Al2O3纳米颗粒产生的弥散强化效应和晶粒细化效应使复合镀层耐磨性显著优于纯镍钴镀层。对复合镀层和纯镍钴镀层磨损形貌的观察分析表明:复合镀层磨损表面出现沿摩擦副运动方向的犁沟,而纯镍钴镀层磨损表面呈现大片剥落,磨损机制为黏着磨损。     

Interface Stability of the SiC Particles/Fe Matrix Composite System

The interface reaction between the SiC particles （ SiCp ） and Fe was stndicd during sintering the SiCp reinforced Fe matrix composites at 1423 K for 1 h. In the composite having 3wt% （weight ratio） SiCp （the 3SiCp/ Fe composite）, the interface reaction products of Fe3 Si, the carbon precipitates, and Fe3 C or pearlite were generated. Fe3 Si coustructs the bright matrix of the reaction zone in the original situation of the SiCp. The carbon precipitates are randondy embedded in the reaction zone. Fe3 C or pearlite exists at the grain boundaries of the Fe matrix. As increasing the SiCp concentration in the SiCp/ Fe composite, the inteusity of the interface reaction between SiCp and Fe iacreases. After the 10SiCp/ Fe composite （ having 10wt .% SiCp ） sintered at 1423 K for 1 h, all of SiCp are decomposed, and replaced by the reaction zone composed of Fe3 Si and the carbon precipitates. No Fe3 C or pearlite was genertaed during the reaction. The effects of the techniques of oxidizing of SiCp , coating SiCp by interaction with the Cr powder, and alloying the Fe matrix by adding the Cr element on the interface stability of the SiCp/ Fe composite system were also investigated, respectitely. The oxide membrane and the coating layer on SiCp can inhibit the interface reaction between SiCp and Fe by isolating SiCp from the Fe matrix during sintering. The interface reaction does not occur in the 3 SiCp/ Fe- 10 Cr composite but in the 3 SiCp/ Fe-5 Cr composite. In the SiCp/ Fe-Cr alloy composites, the interface reaction between SiCp and the Fe- Cr alloys is weaker than that between SiCp and Fe . The Cr element behaves as a diluent, it causes a redaction in the interface reaction, which is proportional to the amount of the element added.     

Preparation and arc erosion resistance of Cf/Cu composite by vacuum melting infiltration

Cf/Cu composite was prepared by vacuum melting infiltration. Ti and Cr were doped to the Cu alloy to improve the wettability between Cu and carbon. The microstrueture was investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The arc erosion rate of Cf/Cu composite was investigated in vacuum. The results showed that the Ti and Cr could improve the wettability between Cu and C/C preform and the infiltration ability of Cu into C/ C preform greatly. A TiC interface formed between the fibers and matrix. The good bonding between the fiber and matrix guaranteed that part of the Cu matrix can still be bonded on the fibers even when the material was exposed to the plasma. Consequently, the carbon fibers were protected from the erosion. In comparison, Cu was completely consumed by the arc erosion. Hence, the graphite was eroded and presented a cauliflower-like morphology. Therefore, the prepared C/Cu bad better ability to resist the arc erosion, compared with common Cu-C material.     

粉末冶金法制备纳米碳管增强铜基复合材料的研究

用化学镀在纳米碳管表面镀覆了铜及镍,并用粉末冶金法制备纳米碳管增强铜基复合材料,研究了制备工艺的有关参数对其性能的影响．结果表明：不同的工艺参数对复合材料的性能有不同影响,相对其它参数,纳米碳管体积分数显著影响复合材料的综合性能．纳米碳管体积含量在12％左右时,复合材料的致密度和硬度达到较好综合值。