庄子文学批评思想的理论价值

庄子从道家思想体系出发,比较具体而全面地论述了文学理论与批评问题,建立了道家文学理论学说.他具体阐述了"意""言"关系问题、"虚静"问题、"自然"问题、"物化"问题等与文学理论批评十分相关的问题,其理论价值与理论影响力是十分明显的.     

中国特殊钢行业的发展现状及思考

 介绍了中国特殊钢行业发展和技术装备概况,包括发展历史、整体发展水平和典型钢种质量与国际先进水平的差距及原因、工艺技术的进步和装备的升级情况。探讨了中国特殊钢行业发展中值得关注的几个问题,如企业兼并重组问题、特殊钢资源合理利用问题、短流程向长流程发展问题。最后,论述了中国特殊钢行业存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议。     

职业教育集团发展中应注意的问题

本文阐述了职业教育集团的成员选择问题、内部各成员单位的协作问题、目标管理问题、矗牌建设问题和成员学校特色建设问题等,以促进职业教育集团的健康发展。     

工业加热炉监控系统运行中存在的问题分析

通过调查某延迟焦化加热炉监控系统现状并分析其运行状况,找出了加热炉监控系统普遍存在的问题及导致的原因,主要包括检测变送单元与执行器问题、鲁棒性不强问题、现场操作水平问题、缺少相关节能与安全监测手段以及控制方式单一问题等,提出了解决问题的措施和建议。     

白云铁矿资源开发利用及采矿工艺改造

文章阐述了白云鄂博铁矿资源开发利用及采矿工艺改造现状,重点讲述了建立长期、稳定、安全、优质的资源供应基地需重视的问题,即资源利用问题、采矿工艺改造、选矿建设等问题。     

污泥脱水技术在邯钢焦化厂的应用

介绍了邯钢焦化厂污水处理体系原工艺存在的问题,针对工艺中的问题提出了污泥脱水技术的解决方案、操作事项及问题对策,并列出了相关技术数据及费用指标、效益及效果。     

白云铁矿资源开发利用及采矿工艺改造

文章阐述了白云鄂博铁矿资源开发利用及采矿工艺改造现状,重点讲述了建立长期、稳定、安全、优质的资源供应基地需重视的问题,即资源利用问题、采矿工艺改造、选矿建设等问题.     

延迟焦化装置冷焦水系统问题和对策

本文从恶臭问题、焦泥问题等方面,阐述了延迟焦化装置冷焦水系统存在的问题和对策,分析问题产生的原因,提出了切实可行的解决办法,并由此指导实际操作,取得了较好的效果。     

我省城市中不规范店名的考察

点评了若干需要规范的地方,如店名的译名问题、店名的拼音问题、店名的繁体字及异体字问题,同时探究了不规范店名的原因及危害,在此基础上提出了若干解决的办法.     

圆盘剪剪切镰刀弯问题的分析与对策

本文介绍了济钢中板厂通过对圆盘剪剪切镰刀弯问题的系统分析,查找出了影响剪切平行度的夹送辊速度差问题、剪刃使用状态、圆盘剪与碎边剪同步性、原始板型及操作控制等诸多问题,并通过剪切工艺优化成功解决了制约钢板平行度的镰刀弯问题,很好地保证了产品的外形质量。     

Evaluations and expectancies of alcohol and marijuana problems among college students.

Two studies examined the associations between evaluations (good-bad) and expected likelihood (likely-unlikely) of alcohol- and marijuana-related problems and hazardous consumption and problems among college students. Participants provided data on alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, and expectancies and evaluations of alcohol problems; marijuana use indices, marijuana-related problems, marijuana effect expectancies, and likelihood and evaluations of marijuana problems. Evaluations of alcohol problems were positively related to the number of binge drinking occasions and alcohol-related problems. The interaction between evaluations and expectancies was significant in predicting the number of binge drinking occasions. Expectancies demonstrated a curvilinear relationship with binge drinking and alcohol-related problems. Marijuana users evaluated marijuana-related problems as less negative and less likely to occur than did nonusers. Expectancies, but not evaluations, of negative consequences were significantly associated with marijuana use intensity. Expectancies of problems demonstrated a curvilinear relationship with marijuana-use intensity and marijuana problems. Men evaluated alcohol and marijuana problems less negatively than did women. In summary, the expected likelihood of alcohol-marijuana problems and the evaluation of such problems represent a vulnerability factor associated with increased liability for hazardous alcohol and marijuana use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Male and female estimates of personal problems of men and women.

100 male and 100 female undergraduates estimated the types of problems males and females would present at a counseling center. Of 75 problems on a problem checklist, 35 problems were seen as being more typically female whereas only 16 were seen as being more typically male. Sex differences in estimates were found for 13 problems; however, these differences did not affect whether the problems were seen as male or female. Of the 16 male problems, 8 were vocational-educational problems, while none of the female problems was vocational-educational. A 2nd purpose of the study was to look at sex differences in problems presented by actual clients at a university counseling center. Of the 75 problems on the checklist, sex differences were found for only 3 problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adults' representations of division facts: A consequence of learning history?

In this study, division was exclusively examined to determine the strategies that are used to solve simple division problems and to identify factors relating to particular strategy use. Thirty-two participants (aged 18-43 yrs) were asked to solve two sets of 64 simple division problems (from 4÷2 to 81÷9) and error, latency, and strategy report data were collected. Fewer errors were made on easy problems, which were also solved more quickly than difficult problems. Participants used retrieval, multiplication, and other strategies to solve the problems and tended to use retrieval more on easy than difficult problems and used multiplication more on difficult problems than easy problems. Unexpected age differences in strategy use were also found. Older participants tended to rely more heavily on retrieval than younger participants. These results suggest that older participants may have stronger representations for simple division problems than younger participants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Parent psychopathology, parenting, and child internalizing problems in substance-abusing families.

A structural model accounting for child internalizing problems in substance-abusing families was tested. Parents receiving substance abuse treatment (N = 242) completed forms about children between the ages of 6 and 18 who resided in their home. The effects of parent gender, child gender, and child age were controlled. Negative parenting was examined as a mediator between parent internalizing and externalizing problems and child anxiety and affective problems using path analysis. Negative parenting mediated relations only between parent internalizing problems and child affective problems. High-positive involvement moderated relations between parent externalizing problems and child internalizing problems. Relations between parent externalizing problems and child anxiety and affective problems were significant only among families in which high-positive involvement was present. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Compound Problem Solving: Insights from the Workplace for Engineering Education

For engineering educators who incorporate real-world problems into their teaching, it is essential to understand real-world problem solving and the nature of problems for better design of the instruction. Prior research provided evidence that real-world problems involve many stakeholders, are complex, and have multiple solutions and solution paths. The purpose of this paper is to provide additional insights particularly into the structure/class of workplace problems and associated models of expertise. This paper describes the findings of a study that employed a two-step process: (1)?a single-case study of a steel engineer generating a model of compound problem solving and (2)?a multi-case comparison of 90 problem-solving narratives of other engineers to the single case. The study is located in a U.S. context. Results indicate that real-world problems are intertwined problems (compound problems) and that transitions from one problem type to another within a compound problem are a unique class of problems themselves. These transition problems have properties that are not represented in other problem types and provide insights into expertise and expertise development in problem solving.     

Can memory requirements account for species' differences in invisible displacement tasks?

We tested the hypothesis that poor performance on the Piagetian invisible displacement task is related to increased memory requirements. Rhesus monkeys and orangutans received 3 types of problems (invisible, visible, and no transfer problems) each containing a number of steps equivalent to that of standard invisible displacements. If failure to solve invisible displacements was due to increased memory requirements, then the primates should perform at chance level on all 3 problems. However, rhesus monkeys solved visible and no transfer problems, but not invisible transfer problems. Half of the orangutans solved all 3 transfer problems, although their performance on invisible transfer problems was lower than that on the other problems. A subsequent cuing phase led to improved performance, and a few monkeys solved invisible transfer problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perceived self-efficacy and everyday problem solving among young and older adults.

This research tested the hypothesis that age differences in both self-efficacy perceptions and problem-solving performance would vary as a function of the ecological relevance of problems to young and older adults. The authors developed novel everyday problem-solving stimuli that were ecologically representative of problems commonly confronted by young adults (young-adult problems), older adults (older adult problems), or both (common problems). Performance on an abstract problem solving task lacking in ecological representativeness (the Tower of Hanoi problem) also was examined. Although young persons had higher self-efficacy beliefs and performance levels on the Tower of Hanoi task problem and the young-adult problems, this pattern reversed in the domain of older adult problems, where the self-efficacy beliefs and performance of older persons exceeded those of the young. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Equivalence in symbolic and nonsymbolic contexts: Benefits of solving problems with manipulatives.

Children's failure on equivalence problems (e.g., 5 + 4 = 7 + __) is believed to be the result of misunderstanding the equal sign and has been tested using symbolic problems (including "="). For Study 1 (N = 48), we designed a nonsymbolic method for presenting equivalence problems to determine whether Grade 2 children's difficulty is due to the presence of symbols or to a more fundamental misunderstanding of equivalence. Children's superior performance on nonsymbolic versus symbolic problems suggests that children fail to map their understanding of equivalence onto problems presented with the symbols of arithmetic. For Study 2 (N = 32), we implemented a within-subject design to assess whether experience with nonsymbolic problems would facilitate performance on symbolic problems. This hypothesis was confirmed. Exposure to nonsymbolic problems may have enabled children to map their successful concepts and strategies to symbolic equivalence problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Parent and child reports of sleep problems associated with early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders.

Despite sleep problems being part of the diagnostic criteria for mood disorders, research on sleep difficulties related to early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders (EBSDs) is sparse. The authors examined the parent and child agreement, frequency, and severity of EBSD-related manic, depressive, and comorbid sleep problems. A sample of one hundred thirty-three 8- to 11-year-olds with EBSDs was assessed with parental and self-report measures of EBSD-related sleep problems. Dimensional and categorical measures indicated low agreement and high discrepancy between parent and child reports of EBSD sleep problems. Subsequent combination of parent-child data revealed the majority (96.2%) of children had moderate-to-severe sleep problems related to manic, depressive, or comorbid symptoms, either currently or during their worst mood period. More depression-related sleep problems than mania-related sleep problems were reported, especially initial insomnia. Over half the sample had sleep problems associated with current comorbidity, particularly separation anxiety disorder. These findings, their implications, and study limitations are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A new time-kill method of assessing the relative efficacy of antimicrobial agents alone and in combination developed using a representative beta-lactam, aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone

OBJECTIVE: Previous research has demonstrated the central role of early childhood concentration problems in the development of aggression and other maladaptive behaviors. The present study investigated the moderating effect of concentration problems on the impact of a classroom-based preventive intervention directed at aggressive and shy behaviors in an epidemiologically defined sample of 1,084 urban first-grade children. METHOD: Concentration problems, aggressive behavior, and shy behavior were assessed by a structured teacher interview (the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation-Revised) in the fall and spring of first grade. RESULTS: Children with high ratings on concentration problems in the fall had higher levels of teacher-rated aggressive and shy behavior in the spring than did children without such problems. The intervention reduced aggressive and shy behavior in children regardless of fall concentration level. Boys, but not girls, in the intervention condition with high concentration problems had higher levels of spring aggression than those without such problems, but they also showed the greatest reductions in aggressive behavior from fall to spring. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that aggressive behavior is malleable in children with concentration problems, provide further evidence on the etiological significance of concentration problems for the development of maladaptive behavior, and highlight the importance of directly targeting concentration problems to maximize preventive intervention impact.