Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Plasma Arc Brazed AISI 304L Stainless Steel and Galvanized Steel Plates

Plasma arc brazing is used to join the AISI 304L stainless steel and galvanized steel plate butt joints with the CuSi3Mn1 filler wire. The effect of parameters on weld surface appearance, interfacial microstructure, and composition distribution in the joint was studied. The microhardness and mechanical tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the welded specimens. The results indicated that good appearance, bead shape, and sufficient metallurgical bonding could be obtained when the brazing process was performed with a wire feeding speed of 0.8 m/min, plasma gas flow rate of 3.0 l/min, welding current of 100 A, and welding speed of 27 cm/min. During plasma arc brazing process, the top corner of the stainless steel and galvanized steel plate were heated and melted, and the melted quantity of stainless steel was much more than that of the galvanized steel due to the thermal conductivity coefficient difference between the dissimilar materials. The microhardness test results shows that the microhardness value gradually increased from the side of the galvanized steel to the stainless steel in the joint, and it is good for improving the mechanical properties of joint. The tensile strength was a little higher than that of the brazing filler, and the fracture position of weld joint was at the base metal of galvanized steel plate.     

H62黄铜搅拌摩擦焊接头微观结构及性能

对6 mm厚度的H62黄铜搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)焊缝的微观组织、力学性能进行了研究,测试并比较了焊缝和母材金属的动电位和电阻率在热-力作用下的变化.结果表明,焊缝金属经热和机械力的作用后,焊核区、热力影响区和热影响区的平均晶粒尺寸较母材的35.6μm均有细化,依次为3.8,22.2,30.6μm,反应在力学性能上焊核区硬度最高,拉伸断裂发生在硬度较低的前进侧,在微观断口中存在大量尺寸不均的网状韧窝;焊缝的腐蚀电位较母材有所提高,腐蚀电流密度降低,电阻率高于母材.     

黄铜H62搅拌摩擦焊接头的微观组织及性能

针对H62黄铜进行搅拌摩擦焊实验研究,初步分析工艺参数对接头的组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:当焊接速度与搅拌头旋转速度的比值保持在0.09~0.15之间,压入深度在0.1~0.2 mm之间时,可得到组织致密、无孔洞的搅拌摩擦焊接头;用搅拌摩擦焊得到的黄铜接头的力学性能比母材低,但比熔化焊得到的接头性能要高,其平均抗拉强度可达到母材的88%。     

Friction stir welding of AZ31 magnesium alloys processed by equal channel angular pressing

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is an effective thermo-mechanical process to make ultrafine grains.An investigation was carried out on the friction stir welding (FSW) of ECAPed AZ31 magnesium alloys with a thickness of 15 mm.For different process parameters,the optimum FSW conditions of ECAPed AZ31 magnesium alloys were examined.The basic characterization of weld formation and the mechanical properties of the joints were discussed.The results show that the effect of welding parameters on welding quality was evident and welding quality was sensitive to welding speed.Sound joints could be obtained when the welding speed was 37.5 mm/min and the rotation speed of the stir tool was 750 r/min.The maximum tensile strength (270 MPa) of FSW was 91% that of the base materials.The value of microhardness varied between advancing side and retreating side because of the speed field near the pin of the stir tool,which weakened the deformed stress field.The value of microhardness of the welding zone was lower than that of the base materials.The maximum value was located near the heat-affected zone (HAZ).Remarkable ductile character was observed from the fracture morphologies of welded joints.     

镍基高温合金焊接接头组织性能及工艺优化

采用不同的焊接工艺参数,对GH4169镍基高温合金薄板进行MIG焊接正交试验。通过金相试验,观察镍基高温合金焊接接头的显微组织,可以划分为焊缝中心等轴晶区、焊缝边缘柱状晶区、热影响区和母材组织。利用室温拉伸和显微硬度试验,测定镍基高温合金焊接接头的抗拉强度、断后伸长率与显微硬度等力学性能,并与母材的力学性能进行比较。使用极差分析法,研究焊接电流、电弧电压与焊接速度对接头力学性能的影响规律,并获得了优化的焊接工艺参数。     

7A04铝合金/304不锈钢连续驱动摩擦焊及焊后热处理

对7A04铝合金与304不锈钢异种材料进行了摩擦焊接试验,并对接头进行了不同温度、不同时间的退火处理.对接头飞边形貌、抗拉强度、断口形貌、金相组织、显微硬度等进行对比分析.结果表明,采用合适的工艺参数能获得形貌良好的飞边和更好的抗拉强度,焊合区的铝合金组织发生动态再结晶,晶粒细化,组织比基材更加致密,结合面两边互有元素扩散,焊合区显微硬度高于基材.经400℃×3 h退火处理的接头其抗拉强度提升明显,界面形成了不同的金属间化合物,扩散层厚度略有增加,显微硬度值有所下降.     

AZ31镁合金CO2激光填丝焊工艺

采用CO2激光焊接试验系统,对AZ31镁合金的激光填丝焊工艺进行了研究.试验中采用AZ31焊丝作为填充金属,对各种焊接工艺参数的影响进行了较系统地研究,并获得了较好的工艺参数选择范围.焊后对典型的焊接接头的性能进行了研究,结果表明,在适当的填丝速率下,填丝焊工艺形成的焊缝成形更加美观,克服了不填丝焊接情况下焊缝的严重下塌问题.微观组织分析表明,焊接接头区域主要由细小的枝状晶组成,晶粒明显细化.焊接接头的显微硬度和抗拉强度都接近母材,说明获得的焊缝具有较好的力学性能.表明了CO2激光填丝焊工艺是实现AZ31镁合金焊接的有效方法.     

PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊接特性

为研究PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊接特性,对其进行了电子束焊接试验,分别对接头显微组织及力学性能进行了分析. 结果表明,PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊缝呈“钉状”几何特征,熔合线附近有链状气孔出现. 焊缝区由粗大的等轴晶及柱状晶组成,热影响区晶粒相比于母材明显长大. 接头各区域硬度值不同,焊缝区硬度与母材相当,硬度最低值出现在两侧热影响区.PM-TZM合金电子束焊接接头有较大的性能损失. 接头室温最高抗拉强度378 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的47%,1 000℃抗拉强度168 MPa. 接头拉伸断裂均发生于焊缝区,呈典型的脆性解理断裂特征.     

30 mm 7A05铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法利用新型搅拌头对30 mm厚的7A05-T6铝合金进行了单道对接,焊后分析讨论了焊缝接头微观组织和力学性能.结果表明,接头焊核区发生动态再结晶,生成细小的等轴晶粒;焊缝两侧热力影响区受机械和热的双重作用,组织存在较大差异,前进侧为窄条状组织,后退侧为扁平状组织;热影响区晶粒粗化;在焊接30 mm板时,工艺参数范围较窄,旋转频率为360 r/min,焊接速度为100 mm/min时,可获得无缺陷、成形好的焊缝;接头抗拉强度为367.7 MPa、屈服强度为280.8 MPa、断后伸长率为14.4%高于母材,接头抗拉强度可达母材的95%.接头显微硬度的分布呈类似W形分布,热影响区软化趋势比较明显.     

含钪与不含钪铝镁钪合金焊接接头的组织与性能

分别采用Al-Mg-Zr和Al-Mg-Zr-Sc合金焊丝为填充材料,对2 mm厚的Al-Mg-Sc合金薄板进行惰性气体保护焊接,然后对两种焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行对比研究。结果表明:采用两种焊丝焊接的Al-Mg-Sc合金薄板的焊接接头强度系数均大于0.9。但采用Al-Mg-Zr-Sc合金焊丝为填充材料时,焊缝晶粒组织明显细化,熔合区形成的细小等轴晶层提高了基材与焊缝填充材料的结合力,焊接接头的屈服强度比采用Al-Mg-Zr合金焊丝为填充材料时提高了100 MPa,显著提高了Al-Mg-Sc合金焊接构件的许用强度,因此焊接Al-Mg-Sc板材更宜采用Al-Mg-Sc-Zr焊丝。     

Microstructures and microhardness for sheets and TIG welded joints of TA15 alloy using friction stir spot processing

Effects of friction stir spot processing (FSSP) on the microstructures and microhardness of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded TA15 titanium alloy joints were investigated. The macro/micro structural observation and microhardness evaluation of the TA15 alloy sheets and TA15 TIG welded joints were carried out using optical microscope and microhardness tests. The results show that FSSP effectively improves the microstructure and increases the microhardness of the TA15 sheets. As for the TIG welded joints, FSSP also effectively improves the microstructure of joints. And the average microhardness value in weld nugget zone is improved significantly, while a small increase of this value in heat affected zone is observed. The hardness in stirring zone is significantly higher than that in the base metal. Two peak values of hardness appear along the width direction in stirring zone. After FSSP, the average hardness of the weld zone of TA15 TIG welded joint is significantly higher than that before FSSP. Under the present process parameters, both the surface oxidation in TA15 sheets and in TIG welded joints after FSSP are not evident, while the surface forms the bright white layer, which is composed of a great multitude of fine grains.     

1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接头组织性能

在2mm厚1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接试验的基础上,研究接头的组织与性能。对比分析单、双光点激光焊接头各区域的组织、显微硬度及室温拉伸力学性能,并观察断口形貌。结果表明:1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接头组织与单光点激光焊接头组织分布类似,从熔合区至焊缝中心依次是等轴细晶、柱状晶和等轴树枝晶,但较单光点接头细化;双光点激光焊接头各区域硬度低于母材,但高于单光点激光焊接头;双光点激光焊接头焊态抗拉强度较母材下降,但略高于单激光焊接头,可达母材的86%。     

铝合金T形接头静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接及组织性能分析

成功实现了2219C10S铝合金T形接头的静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接,焊缝表面光滑平整,无明显减薄.从基板背部进行的超声相控阵检测结果表明,基板与肋板对合面全部焊透,接头内部无超标缺陷.接头横截面宏观金相可以观察到2个以肋板中心线对称分布的焊缝轮廓,单侧焊缝轮廓均超过了肋板中心线.接头横截面显微硬度分布趋势呈独特的“U”形,焊核区显微硬度最低.T形接头两个方向的拉伸试样起裂点位于“拉伸方向板材与接头R₁圆角的相切处”,但拉断试样断裂面的横穿区域存在较大差异,这也是沿肋板方向的抗拉强度比沿基板方向低20 MPa的主要原因.     

Static and fatigue performance of weld bonded dual phase steel sheets

Abstract

Lap joints of dual phase steel sheets of 1·0 mm were prepared by adhesive bonding, spot welding and weld bonding processes using a one component epoxy base structural adhesive. Mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by tensile shear and fatigue tests. The size of the weld nugget for both spot weld and weld bond was measured for different welding parameters (current, time) and compared. For identical welding parameters, weld bonded nuggets exhibit higher nugget diameter. Tensile shear strength of weld bonded joints is 40 and 58% higher than spot welded joints and 15 and 39% higher than adhesive bonded joints and for DP590 and DP780 steels respectively. Considering 10⁶ cycles, the endurance limit of weld bonded joint is much higher than spot welded joint but smaller than adhesive bonded joints. Overall the performance of weld bonded joints is superior to those of resistance spot welding.     

高速列车用厚板铝合金CMT焊接工艺

针对低热输入、高质量焊接技术的需求,研究厚板铝合金多层多道冷金属过渡技术(cold matal transter,CMT)焊接工艺和脉冲MIG焊接工艺的区别,对CMT焊接和脉冲MIG焊接进行热循环曲线测量,焊接接头拉伸、弯曲、硬度等常规力学性能试验和接头微观组织分析.结果表明,铝合金厚板焊接时相对脉冲MIG焊接方法,CMT方法焊接温度场低,焊接接头软化明显减弱,冲击韧性得到提高,厚板多层多道焊接接头组织明显改善,晶粒明显细化.试验表明CMT焊接方法可获得相对脉冲焊接更加优良的铝合金焊接接头.     

DP590镀锌双相钢CMT焊接接头显微组织及力学性能

针对汽车制造中薄板焊接质量问题及鉴于汽车行业对镀锌双相钢的大量需求,在弧长修正系数为0,送丝速度为3.0 m/min,焊接速度为400 mm/min的焊接工艺参数下,对1.0 mm厚的DP590镀锌双相钢进行了CMT搭接焊试验,并通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜与维氏硬度计等设备研究了焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能。试验结果表明,CMT焊接DP590镀锌钢能够得到成形良好的焊接接头。焊缝组织主要为板条马氏体,粗晶区由板条马氏体和少量铁素体组成,细晶区组织多为马氏体及少量贝氏体,不完全相变区中的铁素体含量增加,马氏体含量减少;焊接接头拉伸试验断裂位置在不完全相变区,属于塑性断裂,最大载荷为10.48 kN,与母材接近。焊缝平均硬度值最高,约为260 HV,不完全相变区显微硬度值最低,约为170 HV。该研究为DP590镀锌双相钢薄板CMT焊接提供工艺参考,对汽车轻量化生产制造具有重要的工程意义。 创新点： (1)针对汽车用钢薄板焊接的难点,提出具有低热输入焊接特点的CMT工艺。 (2)研究DP590镀锌双相钢CMT焊接接头显微组织及力学性能,研究结果可为工厂实际生产提供理论依据与数据支持。     

双丝埋弧焊接头性能研究

在16Mn钢板上进行双丝自动埋弧焊工艺试验,得到了不同焊接速度下的焊件.对不同工艺参数下得到的焊接接头试样进行了拉伸试验、硬度测试以及金属显微组织观察,并计算了双丝自动埋弧焊时的熔敷率.结果表明:采用双丝埋弧焊得到的焊缝外形美观;金属熔敷率与焊接速度成反比;随着焊接速度的降低焊接线能量相应的增大,较长的高温停留时间会促...     

装配条件对X80钢外根焊接头成分与性能的影响

摘要： X80钢管道铜衬垫外根焊全自动焊接过程中,装配条件的改变对铜衬垫熔化导致的Cu元素向焊缝扩散及接头的力学性能具有一定影响。系统地分析了不同对口间隙与错边量对X80钢管道铜衬垫外根焊全自动电弧焊接接头的Cu元素含量和力学性能的影响。通过能谱分析和化学成分分析对焊缝中的Cu元素含量进行表征,利用拉伸试验、常温冲击试验及背弯和侧弯试验测量不同装配条件下接头的力学性能。结果表明,对口间隙大于1.0 mm或错边量大于3.0 mm的装配条件下焊缝成形质量差;在保证获得良好焊缝成形的条件下,对口间隙和错边量的增大会导致根焊层底部Cu含量的增加,但不同条件下焊缝的Cu元素含量均低于0.5%(质量分数),铜衬垫的使用对焊缝Cu元素含量影响不大。接头的力学性能测试结果显示,不同装配条件下得到的接头抗拉强度和冲击韧性差异较小,且拉伸试样均断裂在母材位置,热影响区的冲击韧性优于焊缝,而对口间隙和错边量的增加会降低接头的弯曲性能。 创新点： 研究了不同装配条件对X80钢管道铜衬垫外根焊接头的Cu元素含量和力学性能的影响,发现对口间隙和错边量的增大会导致根焊层底部Cu元素含量的少量增加及接头弯曲性能的下降,而对接头的抗拉强度及冲击韧性无显著影响。     

耐磨铝硅铜合金的双面搅拌摩擦焊

对10 mm厚的铝硅铜合金进行了双面搅拌摩擦焊接,研究了焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能.研究表明,铸态金属晶粒和硅粒子在双面搅拌摩擦焊接过程中得到细化,硅颗粒分布均匀化.反面焊道比正面焊道的晶粒细化和硅粒子均匀化作用更明显.异向焊接的接头强度较低,所有接头均断在焊缝的前进侧.同向焊接的接头强度较高,接头断裂位置取决于焊接参数.选用搅拌头旋转频率为950 r/min、焊接速度为10mm/min的参数焊接时,同向接头表面成形好、内部无缺陷,其强度可达母材的87.4%.