Health Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures: Current Practices and Future Directions

The U.S. EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program has initiated a health assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures. The IRIS program develops EPA consensus scientific positions on potential human health effects from chronic exposure to chemicals. Currently, the IRIS database contains health assessments for the toxic effects of exposure to coke oven emissions, creosote, diesel emissions, and 15 individual PAH compounds. As a whole, these assessments do not consider issues related to the environmental occurrence of PAH compounds as complex mixtures. Risk assessment of PAH mixtures has been hindered by a lack of information on the composition and toxicity of specific mixtures, the components that contribute most to toxicity, and the interactions and differences in mode of action between components. The state-of-the-science has advanced considerably in the past decade and will play a key role in the development of the health assessment. Consideration of these issues led to an EPA-sponsored Workshop on Approaches to PAH Health Assessment in October 2001. The current practices of the EPA regarding the health assessment of PAH compounds and future directions of the agency are discussed in this article.     

Compounds with Antiviral,Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activity Identified in Wine from Hungary’s Tokaj Region via High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Bioinformatics Analyses

(1) Background: Wine contains a variety of molecules with potential beneficial effects on human health. Our aim was to examine the wine components with high-resolution mass spectrometry including high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry in two wine types made from grapes with or without the fungus Botrytis cinerea, or “noble rot”. (2) For LC-MS/MS analysis, 12 wine samples (7 without and 5 with noble rotting) from 4 different wineries were used and wine components were identified and quantified. (3) Results: 288 molecules were identified in the wines and the amount of 169 molecules was statistically significantly different between the two wine types. A database search was carried out to find the molecules, which were examined in functional studies so far, with high emphasis on molecules with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. (4) Conclusions: A comprehensive functional dataset related to identified wine components is also provided highlighting the importance of components with potential health benefits.     

柿叶挥发油的提取及抗菌活性的研究进展

柿叶具有较高的营养价值和医疗保健作用,能制作保健茶、抗菌药物、食品香料等应用;通过水蒸气蒸馏、有机溶剂提取、超临界CO2萃取等方法对柿叶挥发油提取研究作了较为详细的综述,展望酶解辅助提取、亚临界水萃取等现代植物有效成分提取方法在柿叶有效成分提取研究;综述了柿叶提取物的抗菌作用及抗菌成分分析,表明柿叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等细菌具有不同程度的拮抗作用。     

The chemo-protector effects of tea and its components

Tea has been consumed worldwide since ancient times to maintain and improve health. Its main active components are a type of polyphenols known as flavonoids, which include catechins and theaflavins. Several epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of green tea could prevent cancer development in humans. Likewise, animal studies have shown that green tea consumption may inhibit the development of prostate and breast cancer. It has been shown that, through several mechanisms, tea polyphenols present antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities, thus affording several health benefits. It is important to better characterize tea components, to study their bio-availability and bio-transformation in vivo and to conduct clinical studies of its main active compounds.     

柿树产品的开发利用

系统介绍了柿叶、柿果、柿蒂的化学成分、生物活性及在医药、食品保健品中的应用     

清洗作业的风险识别、评价及控制

通过职业健康安全管理体系认证,掌握LEC法对清洗作业风险全面评价,目的是识别作业各环节的风险程度,进而对风险进行有效控制,保障职业健康安全。     

Hemp seed oil: Minor components and oil quality

Owing to its high content of omega‐6/omega‐3 fatty acids and bioactive minor components with antioxidant activities, hemp seed oil is now recognized for its health benefits by a large number of consumers. This paper primarily discusses the profile of minor components in hemp seed oil and their beneficial and adverse effects on oil quality. While tocopherols, polyphenols and phytosterols prevent oxidative deterioration of hemp seed oil, the high amount of chlorophyll can be detrimental to oil quality.     

茶叶组分抗菌、抗病毒和免疫增强作用的研究进展

饮茶对人身体健康有许多益处,如抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、降低某些疾病的发病率等。近年来,越来越多的文献报道了茶叶组分具有抗菌、抗病毒和增强人体免疫力的作用。本文对茶叶中的主要组分茶多酚、茶色素、茶多糖和茶氨酸的抗菌、抗病毒和免疫增强作用的研究进展作一综述。     

废旧电池的污染与回收利用

废电池中的重金属威胁着人类健康和生存环境。介绍了电池的种类和组成,对废旧电池中重金属可回收价值进行了讨论,并对其回收方法进行了介绍。     

Variations of Antioxidant Properties and NO Scavenging Abilities during Fermentation of Tea

Tea is known as one of the most popular beverages in the world, which is believed to be beneficial for health. The main components in tea will change a lot depending on the different processes of fermentation, and thus the effects of different teas on human health may differ. The aim of this study is to explore the varied abilities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging during the fermentation of tea. In this study, we conducted the in vitro experiments which involved some reaction systems indicating the abilities of scavenging ROS and NO. We also investigated the effects of tea and their components (catechins, theabrownins, caffeine) on the intracellular levels of ROS and NO, using Raw 264.7 cells as the model. We found that regardless of whether it was out of cell system or in Raw 264.7 cells, the abilities of scavenging ROS would decrease during the fermentation of tea. Further, the post-fermented pu-erh tea showed the best effect on inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of NO. These findings indicated that the fermentation process caused a change of the components which might be due to the changes of their antioxidant properties and NO scavenging abilities.