铝合金表面Ni-SiC复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能

通过复合电沉积技术,在铝合金表面得到了不同SiC粒子含量的Ni-SiC复合镀层,研究了在干摩擦和液态石蜡润滑摩擦条件下载荷与SiC粒子体积分数对Ni-SiC复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:无论在干摩擦或润滑摩擦条件下,加入SiC粒子后的复合镀层其耐磨性均优于纯镍镀层,并随载荷的提高耐磨性下降。在干摩擦条件下,镀层中的SiC粒子体积分数在5.8％时复合镀层耐磨性最好;在润滑摩擦条件下,随镀层中SiC粒子体积分数提高,复合镀层耐磨性均提高。     

纳米SiC/Ni复合镀层的制备及其摩擦磨损性能

用电沉积方法在316L不锈钢表面制备了纯镍镀层和纳米SiC/Ni复合镀层,考察了电镀时间、SiC质量浓度、电流密度和镀液温度对复合镀层中纳米SiC含量的影响,表征了镀层的表面形貌和SiC纳米颗粒的尺寸;最后研究了镀层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:复合镀层中纳米SiC的含量随着电镀时间延长、电流密度增大、镀液温度升高以及SiC质量浓度的增大先升高后降低,且最佳工艺参数为电镀时间30min,SiC质量浓度20g·L-1,电流密度2A·dm-2,镀液温度60℃,镀液pH4.5,搅拌速度300r·min-1;与纯镍镀层相比,纳米SiC/Ni复合镀层的晶粒更细小,组织更致密,具有更好的摩擦磨损性能,摩擦因数降低了7%以上,磨损率降低了50%。     

Ni-ZrB_2粒子电镀复合镀层的性能研究

为了提高材料表面的硬度和耐蚀性,采用电镀的方法在45钢表面制备了Ni-ZrB_2粒子复合镀层。研究了镀液中表面活性剂和ZrB_2粒子添加量对镀层中ZrB_2粒子体积含量的影响,以及镀层中ZrB_2粒子体积含量对复合镀层组织、残余应力、硬度和耐蚀性的影响。研究结果表明,在镀液中加入适量阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),可以促进ZrB_2粒子在镀层中的共沉积,但复合镀层中ZrB_2粒子的体积含量存在一个上限值;ZrB_2粒子的加入可以改变镀层镍基体晶粒的择优生长取向,并提高复合镀层的硬度和耐腐蚀性,但会使复合镀层中残余拉应力增大。     

Ni-P-SiC(纳米)化学复合镀工艺试验研究

在传统的镍磷化学复合镀液中加入纳米SiC粒子,即Ni-P-SiC(纳米)化学复合镀工艺是一项新型的、很有前景的模具表面处理技术。这种方法能进一步提高镀层表面的硬度和耐磨性。采用正交试验方案对45号钢板进行Ni-P-SiC(纳米)化学复合镀工艺试验,归纳和分析了纳米SiC粒子浓度、施镀温度、搅拌速度、镀液PH值4个工艺参数对镀层硬度的影响规律,由正交工艺试验结果推导出最优工艺参数组合。工艺试验得到的镀层硬度值表明优化结果正确。     

Ni-P-SiC复合镀工艺及镀层性能研究

采用化学镀方法制备了Ni-P-SiC复合镀层，研究了镀液中第2相粒子浓度对Ni-P-SiC复合镀层镀速及显微硬度的影响，对比了纯NiP镀层和复合镀层膜基系统的结合力。结果表明，在SiC浓度为8g／L时，得到最大的镀速和硬度值，并且此时的膜基系统结合力要优于纯NiP镀层的膜基结合力。     

Ni-P/n-MoS2复合镀层制备与摩擦学性能研究

以纳米MoS2颗粒为分散相,用化学复合镀的方法制备出Ni-P/n-MoS2复合镀层,并研究纳米MoS2颗粒在镀液中的添加量对镀层组织结构、显微硬度、纳米MoS2复合量和摩擦学性能的影响.结果发现:镀液中纳米二硫化钼的加入量为2.0 s/L时,得到的复合镀层中二硫化钼的分散效果最好,纳米MoS2复合量最大值为3.18%(质量分数),硬度最大值为HV653;磨损试验后,磨痕表面的二硫化钼质量分数最高可达7.8%,表明复合在镀层中的纳米二硫化钼在摩擦过程中被缓慢释放到表面,因而复合镀层表现出优异的自润滑和减磨性能.     

Ni-SiC复合镀层工艺浅析

本文在非合金球墨铸铁(DI)上进行电沉积Ni-SiC复合材料,实验结果表明,SiC颗粒加入到复合层中的比重,会随着电流密度和SiC在溶液中浓度的增加而增加。电镀的最佳条件是在电流密度为5A/dm~2,pH为4和温度为50℃时发生,在这些条件下会产生均匀和表面光滑的Ni-SiC复合涂层,其中SiC最大体积分数为80%。     

Ni-La2O3纳米复合镀层制备工艺研究

将La2O3纳米颗粒添加到氨基磺酸镍镀液中采用电沉积方法制备Ni-La2O3纳米复合镀层，研究了多种因素对复合镀层中La2O3含量的影响，分析了复合镀层的表面形貌和显微硬度。结果表明：试验条件下最佳工艺为电流密度2A／dm^2、镀液温度50℃、搅拌速度800r／min、镀液中La2O3含量30g／L；与纯镍镀层相比，复合镀层表面平整光滑、组织致密均匀；其显微硬度也高于纯镍镀层，并随着复合镀层中La2O3含量的增加而升高。     

Ni-Si3N4复合电镀工艺与耐磨性研究

研究了镀液Si3N4浓度，阴极电流密度、pH值、温度和搅拌方式等工艺参数对Ni—Si3N4复合镀层微粒含量和镀层硬度的影响，在盘销摩擦磨损实验机上对镀层进行了磨损实验。通过实验确定了Ni-Si3N4复合电镀的最佳工艺。结果表明：随着Si3N4共析量的增多复合镀层硬度提高，耐磨性增强；在浸油润滑的条件下，复合镀层的摩擦因数低于纯镍镀层，复合镀层的磨损量小于普通镀镍层。磨痕表面观察表明复合镀层的磨损以磨料磨损为主。     

化学镀Ni-P合金复合SiC镀层的磨损性能

通过化学镀方法,在Ni-P合金镀液中复合SiC微粒,形成Ni-P-SiC复合镀层,研究了复合镀层的磨损性能.结果表明,SiC微粒的复合,不改变Ni-P合金基质的组织结构,但影响其表面特性,提高硬度,显著地增加耐磨性,且随着热处理温度、时间的改变而变化,复合镀层经过400℃×1h处理后硬度达到最高,磨耗量最少,磨损程度轻微.     

Effect of the Graphite Content on the Tribological Behavior of Al/Gr and Al/30SiC/Gr Composites Processed by In Situ Powder Metallurgy (IPM) Method

The influence of graphite content on the dry sliding wear characteristics of Al6061/Gr composites along with Al6061/30SiC/Gr hybrid composites has been assessed using a pin-on-disc wear test. The composites with different volume fraction of graphite particles up to 13% were processed by in situ powder metallurgy (IPM) technique. The porosity and hardness of the resultant composites were also examined. It was found that an increase in the graphite content reduced the porosity, hardness, and friction coefficient of both types of composites. The hybrid composites were more porous and exhibited higher hardness and lower coefficient of friction at identical graphite contents. The increased graphite content in the range of 0–13 vol.% resulted in increased wear rate of Al/Gr composites. The Al/30SiC composite exhibited a lower wear rate as compared with the base alloy and graphite addition up to 9 vol.% improved the wear resistance of these hybrid composites. However, more graphite particles addition resulted in increased wear rate. SEM micrographs revealed that the wear mechanism was changed from mostly adhesive in the base alloy sample (Al/0Gr) to the prominently abrasive and delamination wear for Al/Gr and Al/SiC/Gr/composites.     

Enhancement of wear resistance of ductile cast iron by Ni–SiC composite coating

Wear resistance of unalloyed ductile iron (Dl) can be enhanced either by heat treatment or by deposition of hard coating. The electrodeposition of Ni–SiC composite on unalloyed Dl (GGG 40) has been applied. The effect of operating conditions including current density and SiC content in the plating solution on the SiC incorporation in the deposited layer were studied. It was found that the volume percent of SiC particles in the composite layer increases with increasing current density and SiC content in the bath. The maximum SiC incorporation could be attained at optimum conditions; 60 g/1 of SiC particles in suspension, 5 A/dm², pH 5 and 50 °C. Also the results reveal that the particle inclusion in the coating layer depends mainly on the treatment process (activation with PdCI₂). The mechanical properties of the composite such as hardness and wear resistance were examined comparing with the uncoated substrate. The reinforced particles incorporated with Ni-matrix improve the hardness and wear resistance of coated Dl comparing with uncoated substrate.     

Micro-scale abrasive wear testing of duplex and non-duplex (single-layered) PVD (Ti,Al)N, TiN and Cr–N coatings

A micro-scale abrasive wear test, based on ball-cratering, has been used to evaluate the wear resistance of duplex and non-duplex (Ti,Al)N, TiN and Cr–N coatings. The term duplex is used here when plasma nitriding is followed by PVD coating. Coatings without the plasma nitriding stage are termed single-layered. Coating properties were evaluated by surface profilometry, hardness and scratch testing. All duplex coatings showed higher micro-abrasive wear resistance than their single-layered counterparts, with the duplex (Ti,Al)N coating achieving the best performance. After a certain number of ball revolutions, the coating material became worn through, exposing the substrate material. After this point, the presence of a hard nitrided case diminished the scratching action of the SiC abrasive particles. The experimental results also indicate that the choice of the PVD coating plays an important role in improving the micro-abrasive wear resistance. Apart from single-layered and duplex Cr–N coatings, all the other coating systems provided a higher micro-abrasive wear resistance than the uncoated substrate (hardened AISI H13 steel). The poor abrasive wear resistance recorded for the single-layered and duplex Cr–N coatings could be attributed to the hardness of the Cr–N being much lower than that of the SiC abrasive particles, which caused tearing of the coating with subsequent delamination. The wear pattern observed was found to change from surfaces characterised by grooves (uncoated substrate, single-layered TiN and Cr–N systems and duplex Cr–N system) to surfaces which exhibited multiply indented surfaces (single-layered and duplex (Ti,Al)N systems), indicating a transition between wear mechanisms. This transition was found to be dependent on the ratio between the hardness of the SiC abrasive particles and surface (coating) or subsurface hardness. By decreasing this ratio, the ability of the SiC abrasive particles to scratch the composite surface was reduced and the resistance to micro-scale abrasion was improved.     

SiCp/Cu复合材料的显微组织和力学性能

采用非均相沉淀包裹法制得铜包SiC复合粉体,利用热压烧结工艺制备了含有体积分数为20%～65%SiC颗粒的SiCp/Cu复合材料.用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析等测试方法对试样进行了成分和微观形貌分析.结果表明:包裹法制得的SiCp/Cu复合材料中基体铜形成连续的结构,SiC分散较均匀;随着SiC含量的增加,试样孔隙率提高,抗弯强度下降;而硬度则先增后降,并在SiC体积分数为35%时出现最大值;所有试样均表现为脆性断裂.     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备及性能

利用粉末冶金法制备出了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/Al),研究了SiC颗粒添加量对复合材料布氏硬度、抗拉强度及显微结构的影响。结果表明:SiC颗粒在基体材料中分布均匀,界面清晰;SiCp/Al复合材料的硬度与抗拉强度随SiC颗粒含量的增加先升高后降低,在SiC颗粒添加量为7 Wt%时,硬度与抗拉强度达到最大值,分别为89.4HBS与311MPa。     

采煤机滑靴激光熔覆铁镍基涂层的抗磨性能*

为提高采煤机滑靴在无油工况下的耐磨性,采用激光熔覆技术在45钢为基体上分别制备FeNiMo和FeNiMoSi涂层,并对其物相组成及硬度等进行分析。结果发现：制备的涂层结构致密,与基底保持了良好的冶金结合;FeNiMoSi涂层的平均硬度为438HV,分别约为基体（153HV）的2.8倍以及FeNiMo涂层（385HV）的1.1倍。通过往复式摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的干摩擦磨损性能,并探讨其磨损机制。结果表明：随着载荷和滑动速度的增大,涂层的摩擦因数均呈现出减小的趋势;随着载荷的增大,涂层的磨损率逐渐升高;随着滑动速度的增大,FeNiMo涂层的磨损率出现先下降后上升的趋势,而FeNiMoSi涂层的磨损率则逐渐下降;涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、塑性变形以及轻微的氧化磨损。总体来说,FeNiMoSi涂层相比FeNiMo涂层表现出更好的耐磨性能,这是因为涂层中Si元素的添加,不仅起到细晶强化作用,而且促进了FeSi金属间化合物相的生成。     

高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料旋转超声铣磨加工的试验研究

由于大量高硬度增强相SiC颗粒的存在,高体积分数铝基碳化硅（SiCp/Al）复合材料的机械加工十分困难。旋转超声加工被认为是加工这种材料的有效方法。通过超声辅助划痕试验,分析高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料旋转超声铣磨加工的材料去除机理。在超声振动的作用下,材料中铝基体发生塑性变形,其表面得到夯实;SiC增强相被锤击成细小的颗粒而发生脱落,形成较大的空洞。由于材料加工的缺陷大多产生于SiC颗粒的去除过程中,SiC颗粒的去除方式对加工表面的质量起着决定性的作用,选择合适的工艺参数可以有效提高加工表面质量。旋转超声加工工艺特征试验表明,超声振动可有效降低切削力;主轴转速对轴向切削力的影响最大,其次是进给速度,切削深度对轴向切削力的影响较小;另外主轴转速对表面质量的影响效果也最大,并随主轴转速的增大表面粗糙度增大。因此在加工过程中,可以适当加大切削深度,在保证加工质量的基础上,选择较大的进给速度,在保证刀具寿命的前提下,选择合适的主轴转速,以获得较优的加工表面质量和加工效率。     

真空热压烧结SiC_p/Al复合材料的界面元素扩散及增强断裂机理

采用真空热压粉末冶金烧结工艺制备了含SiC颗粒体积分数分别为 5 %、15 %和 2 5 %的SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料 ,结合其力学性能、扫描电镜和界面微区能谱分析结果 ,分析了SiC/Al复合材料的真空烧结过程中的界面现象 ,以及材料增强和断裂机理。结果表明 ,真空烧结过程中出现了界面反应 ,改善了界面结合强度 ,断裂破坏主要在基体上进行。随着SiC粒子体积分数的增加 ,SiCp/Al复合材料的抗拉强度增加 ,弹性模量显著增加 ,延伸率降低 ,材料脆性增加。     

高频感应熔覆NiTiFe合金涂层摩擦学性能研究

为增强金属材料表面的耐磨性能,采用高频感应熔覆技术,在HT300基底表面制备出NiTiFe合金涂层;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对NiTiFe合金涂层的微观组织、元素组成、硬度、相组成和与基底的结合情况进行表征与分析;通过摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的摩擦学性能进行测试,对其摩擦磨损机制进行分析。结果表明：涂层组织致密,无裂缝和空隙,成型质量良好,平均厚度达到0.7 mm,与HT300基底实现了冶金结合;涂层中主要包含Fe2Ti、Fe6.94Ti0.36和Ni3Fe三种相,Fe元素的加入使涂层的晶格发生畸变,硬度提高,平均硬度达到997.36HV,约为HT300基底平均硬度值的5倍。通过摩擦磨损试验发现,试验前期,NiTiFe合金涂层与对摩副之间的摩擦因数较低,维持在0.2左右,对摩副的失效导致摩擦副之间的接触形式发生改变,摩擦因数产生阶跃;随着载荷的增加,涂层上呈现的磨痕宽度在不断增加,对摩副由于磨损造成的材料去除后暴露出的面积也在不断增大。摩擦磨损试验后,NiTiFe合金涂层摩擦表面光滑平整,仅出现了轻微的磨粒磨损,磨损体积远小于对摩副...