浅谈天然气采输过程环境保护管理

环境管理作为HSE管理的重要内容之一，与安全管理同样重要。天然气采输工程包含大量的工艺作业，若环境风险防控措施不到位，极易引发严重的环境污染事故。文章分析了天然气采输过程所涉及的环境保护问题，并对目前环境管理现状进行分析，识别天然气采输过程中的环境风险，分别从技术措施和组织管理措施两个方面提出了环境管理建议，为天然气采输过程的环境保护工作提供指导性依据。     

水泥企业环境管理现状分析

通过对多家水泥企业环境管理现状的调研，发现水泥企业环境管理方面存在的普遍问题。如领导重视程度不够、环保管理人员专业水平低、台账管理不规范、排污许可证执行报告编制不及时、自行监测不规范、环保培训较少等环保问题。针对这些问题，水泥企业可以考虑引入环保管家服务，规范和提高企业的环保管理水平，降低环保风险。     

Environmental Performance Indicators: The Water Industry of England and Wales

Water companies in England and Wales produce reports using environmental performance indicators which have been developed in-house. However, there is no recognised methodology for the development of these indicators, and an analysis of available guidance led to the proposal of an appropriate model. This model was tested by semi-structured interviews of water-company managers, and a questionnaire was completed by managers from other industries. The responses from the interviews supported the inclusive, quality-driven approach advocated by the model, and indicated a need to examine (a) the style of management, (b) the staffing structure in water companies, (c) the connection between environmental management systems and indicator development, (d) types of objectives and targets, and (e) the use of indicators as public-relations tools. The result is a methodology for indicator development which can be applied by managers in industry.     

The integration of management systems in a council's waste management service

This article details how a council service established an integrated management system (IMS) within a wider corporate framework. In this context, an IMS was used as a tool to improve (i) Performance, (ii) Quality, (iii) Environment, and (iv) Health and Safety Management. A key factor was that the IMS had to be appropriate for accreditation and integratible with an emerging corporate management framework. In this case study, the authors provided a literature review before considering the issues facing the management team in implementing the IMS. Next, the discussion reflected on how the IMS has delivered improvements before concluding with recommendations on how to implement an IMS within similar services. These points of learning may be relevant beyond local government. This article therefore provides a summary of action research and the steps taken to deliver an IMS within a broader context.     

Developing and implementing environmental management systems for small and medium-sized construction enterprises

Environmental aspects are gradually becoming factors of importance for construction businesses, their operations and their management. These factors can be seen as new change makers for construction management itself. New criteria need to be taken into account when structuring construction activities, in decision making, and throughout the production control. Instances of construction management solutions that also encapsulate environmental aspects are likely to appear. A contractor’s environmental management system (EMS) is an example of such an instance. As a management solution an EMS is targeted at minimizing a contractor’s environmental impacts. An experiment has been carried out where an EMS solution was formed and tested for small and medium-sized contractors. Fifteen small and medium-sized construction companies were involved. Along with the action research approach, a set of workshops with company people were arranged for EMS structuring and for its testing. Within these experiments the researcher acted as a developer and inside observer. The proposed EMS solution presents the structuring of environmental aspects for management attention. Moreover, this structuring can be used as a basis for a formal environmentally conscious management system. All companies involved in the research have started to use the EMS solution or its parts.     

城市燃气管道环境风险评价和管理探讨

城市燃气输配管线使用年限过长,事故频发,安全隐患多,需对城市燃气管道进行环境风险评价。文章通过事故树分析,找出导致城市燃气管网泄漏的基本事件,介绍城市燃气管道环境风险识别、源项分析、后果计算、风险评价、风险管理等各个环节的内容和方法,提出了燃气管道在设计、建设及运行阶段加强环境风险管理的具体措施。该分析方法能够发现影响城市燃气管道安全的因素,解决存在的隐患问题,加强城市燃气管线的管理,对城市燃气管道环境风险评估和管理具有指导作用。     

环境管理效力低下的原因及对策

从环境意识、利益关系、执法效力等方面分析了造成环境管理效力低下的原因，介绍了相应地提高环境管理质量的措施，以真正有效地管理环境，防治污染。     

Financing the future of green infrastructure planning: alternatives and opportunities in the UK

With the formation of the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government in 2010, the funding of local government in the UK changed fundamentally. Through an austerity approach to development, local planning authorities (LPAs) have been required to make significant budgetary savings, raising questions over what services are legally and morally dispensable. One service severely impacted has been green space (green infrastructure) management. In many locations, this has generated negative responses, as the proposed cuts are perceived as decreasing the liveability of urban areas. In response, LPAs are engaging in an examination of how they can manage development to more effectively fund green infrastructure provision. Such debates draw on a range of options from public, private and community funding sources, creating further complexity within LPA financing. To explore these options, this paper discusses the appropriateness of different funding mechanisms proposing a multi-option approach for the long-term management of green infrastructure.     

公路环境保护与环境影响评价

通过对公路建设环境保护深入地分析与探讨，总结归纳了公路施工、营运期环境保护工作的重点与措施，并对环境影响评价制度与方法进行了全面阐述，以提高公路建设及环境治理水平。     

Charting corporate greening: environmental management trends in Sweden

In order to understand the long-term change processes, a longitudinal study of the Swedish construction industry is presented. This examines the long-term environmental attitudes and practices within this industry, particularly the trends and significant changes in corporate environmental management and performance. The results from three surveys undertaken in 2002, 2006 and 2010 indicate that environmental work is becoming institutionalized as a strategic part of the companies' business, environmental management activities and integrated within the companies' work practices. Also evident is a greater maturity and raised ambitions in companies' environmental actions. Legislative pressures have become a reduced driver; instead there is increased pressure from, and need for cooperation with, a larger variety of stakeholders and across disciplines. Environmental management systems have been widely adopted, meaning that practice relies on self-surveillance and voluntary actions. A consolidation of environmental management is observed within the companies, as well as an emerging business niche of environmental expert consultancy. The perceived effects on competitiveness and financial performance remain unclear, implying that there are other motivations for environmental change than financial and legal justifications.     

Environmental Influences on Company Valuations

The benefits accruing from good environmental management of companies are most often linked to economic benefit and the concept of moving towards sustainable development. However, the link between environmental liabilities, assets, or performance, and the financial valuation of a company remains obscure at best. Operational improvements, for example from implementing a waste minimization programme, can give a clear short-term reduction in costs, and impact immediately on profits. Many environmental risk management programmes also need to deal with long-term issues such as historical land contamination and changes in manufacturing technology. These have a much more protracted and ultimately fundamental impact on the perceived capital value and future prospects of a company. This paper seeks to describe how the relationship between environmental and financial risk management is becoming clearer, and uses examples to show how this is brought into focus during merger and acquisition activities.     

环境监测在环境管理中的关键性作用探讨

简述了环境监测在环境管理中的重要作用,分析了环境监测目前的现状,并针对环境管理中存在的主要问题,提出了引进高素质人才、添置先进仪器、开展减排监测考核等建议,以有效提高环境监测和管理的综合水平。     

以环境设计防止犯罪研究与实践30年

讨论了自纽曼提出“可防卫空间”理论30年来,以环境设计防止犯罪的理论研究与实践。这些研究与实践反映出的多元方法现在被称为“第二代以环境设计防止犯罪”。建议防止犯罪应采用综合方法,重点探讨了如何结合规划及社会和管理的各方面来防止犯罪。     

The Life-Cycle Analysis of Small-Scale Sewage-Treatment Processes

The environmental impact of small-scale sewage-treatment works has been evaluated using the technique of 'life-cycle analysis'. Three sewage-treatment works with different process options were analysed to identify and quantify material use, energy use and environmental releases during construction, operation and demolition. This enabled (i) a comparison to be made between process options, and (ii) the identification of opportunities for the improvement of environmental performance. Subject to satisfactory sewage treatment and sludge disposal, the technique identified additional impacts of importance, which have implications for energy management, works design, supplier management and general environmental policy. Life-cycle analysis provides a useful insight into environmental impact and has potential for wider application within the water industry.     

Owner organizations’ value-creation strategies through environmental certification of buildings

The existing literature (mostly referencing heuristics of the valuation profession) provides little evidence on how property owners and managers themselves perceive value creation from environmental certification (EC) of buildings. To address this issue, questionnaire and interview data from non-residential EC building owners in Sweden are gathered and related in a ‘strategy map’ that explains their perceived value creation from EC. The mapping process also considers the four standard perspectives of the balanced scorecard, prompting researchers and owners to evaluate EC in terms of its contribution to long-term strategy, measuring it according to financial and non-financial metrics of organizational performance. The study confirmed that tenant demand is an important EC driver for property owners (particularly for large organizations) and therefore that increased EC awareness amongst tenants is important for EC and for further value creation. It was found that tool developers, property owners and valuers could all benefit from more closely aligning valuers’ documentation requirements with those for accreditation with EC tools. Energy efficiency contributes significantly to value creation, but owners use energy management programs in addition to EC, possibly as a result of the performance gap phenomenon.     

Relationship between quality of building maintenance management services for indoor environmental quality and occupant satisfaction

Two surveys were carried out to investigate the correlation between building maintenance management services for indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and occupant satisfaction. Each maintenance management organization manager was surveyed using the Evaluation Index of Maintenance Management Service Quality, created by Akira Takakusagi. Seven office buildings in Seoul, Korea were investigated in the first survey, and two buildings from the first survey were selected for analysis in the second survey. One is a building with good maintenance management services but low occupant satisfaction, and the other is an office building with low maintenance management services but high occupant satisfaction.     

Value creation for tenants in environmentally certified buildings

Previous research suggests that environmental certification (EC) affects rental rates in non-residential buildings, but there is still little understanding of how tenants differentiate such buildings from those without EC. This paper examines whether and how tenants perceive value creation in EC premises in Sweden. The findings (based on 29 questionnaire responses and 14 interviews with tenants in EC buildings) inform landlords and tenants on the development of EC strategies for improved organizational outcomes. EC creates value for tenants principally as support for their environmental management and reporting (e.g., low energy demand). EC is important for tenants internally, raising employee environmental awareness and improving employee attraction and retention. Tenants are generally positive about employee morale, indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and rental costs. However, it is not clear if such perceptions are dependent on features of modern premises in general, such as new fixtures, fittings and furnishings, and space-efficiency or from some EC-related feature. Tenants do not identify health or productivity increase in their EC premises. Findings suggest that the research focus should be shifted from investigating health and productivity increases through IEQ improvement to understanding the motivational improvement through value alignment with employees through EC.     

EoCM~(绿色成本管理)理论及其在浙江省的实践

EoCM是德国技术合作公司专门为中小企业研制的环境管理工具,使企业获得经济效益、环境效益和组织管理效益。中德合作《浙江省企业环保咨询》支持的浙江省2004年EoCM示范项目成功实践表明:EoCM可以作为清洁生产审核的一种工具,能够帮助企业实现清洁生产,企业实施EoCM实现了“三赢”,而且还得到了5％的劳动场所改善和5％的产品质量改善。     

公路环境保护与环境影响评价

介绍了公路环境保护的内容、环境问题、环保功能及其环保措施,对公路环境影响评价的目的、内容、范围和期限及其方法进行了详细阐述,为公路环保设计、环境管理提供了科学依据。     

The Roadford Scheme: Planning, Reservoir Construction and the Environment

Roadford reservoir completes South West Water's major three reservoir strategy quadrupling storage in the region.
The paper examines how environmental issues have impacted on the scheme and demonstrates how effective planning and management can minimize effects and concerns on a major civil engineering project.
Strategy changes from river regulation to gravity water mains have given reduced environmental impact on rivers and a lowering of power costs, also giving environmental gain. The setting of strict environmental protection measures within contracts and a determined policing policy during construction have produced low levels of pollution incidents during construction.
The paper highlights the benefits of working with environmental groups to secure a successful conclusion not only of the construction element but how that construction can be blended into its local environment. Costs are identified and the authors point to the substantial public relations benefits that can be gained with the successful management of environmental issues.