丙烯腈含量对ABS树脂性能的影响

通过乳液接枝聚合法合成丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)接枝粉料,与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)树脂熔融共混得到ABS树脂。探究丙烯腈含量对ABS树脂性能的影响。结果表明：随着丙烯腈含量增加,ABS树脂的拉伸强度、冲击强度、耗散因数、体积电阻率、维卡软化温度以及两相之间相容性上升,但熔体流动速率、表面电阻率、介电常数下降。     

ABS/PET合金的相容化研究

以苯乙烯-丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(SAG)和苯乙烯-丙烯腈-马来酸酐(SMA)为相容剂对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)合金进行增容。并从拉伸性能、弯曲性能、冲击性能、熔体质量流动速率(MFR)等方面对SAG和SMA的增容效果进行了比较。结果表明,含有GMA基团的SAG比含有MAH基团的SAM的增容效果更好。     

SBS对3D打印ABS复合材料性能的影响

用苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物(ABS),制备3D打印用ABS改性复合材料,研究了SBS的用量对ABS复合材料性能的影响。采用熔体流动速率仪表征了复合材料的熔体流动速率,万能力学试验机和悬壁梁冲击试验机测试了复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明,随SBS用量增加,复合材料的熔体流动速率增加,5%SBS的加入能使复合材料的熔体流动速率增加42.1%;随SBS用量增加,复合材料的冲击强度增加,弯曲强度降低;SBS能提高复合材料的断裂伸长率,增加其韧性,但同时也使拉伸强度降低。     

本体聚合ABS树脂技术进展

综述了国内外主要本体聚合丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂生产工艺,分析了各工艺的技术特点及其成熟度,总结了本体聚合工艺中的关键技术(如ABS树脂性能的影响因素和橡胶粒径的控制方法等)。本体法是最佳的ABS树脂生产工艺,正成为研究重点。本体聚合ABS树脂工艺的研究方向:调整工艺配方、加入第三单体改性、将本体ABS树脂与乳液接枝-掺混法获得的ABS树脂共混制备高性能的ABS树脂新产品。     

四釜串联平推流管式反应器合成高抗冲ABS树脂的研究

利用自主研发的四釜串联平推流管式反应器和本体聚合方法,制备了高抗冲丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂。通过对所使用的橡胶以及制备的高抗冲ABS树脂产品进行分析和检测,考察不同复合胶种类、复合胶配比对ABS树脂冲击性能的影响,优化复合胶增韧体系,确定合适的复合胶增韧剂和最佳的复合胶配比;并通过仪器化冲击实验对橡胶的增韧效果进行了验证。结果表明,当橡胶投料比为12.0%时,采用橡胶A+565T复合胶合成的样品其悬臂梁缺口冲击强度高达407.0 J/m,熔体质量流动速率为4.19 g/10min(220℃,10 kg),具有冲击强度高、加工性能优良的特点。     

ABS高胶粉增韧PLA合金材料的研究

研究了不同配方体系的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)高胶粉/聚乳酸(PLA)共混合金的力学性能、熔体流动性、注塑加工性,并通过SEM、DMA对ABS高胶粉/PLA共混合金的微观结构、相容性进行了表征。结果表明:ABS高胶粉大大提高了PLA的冲击强度和断裂伸长率,但拉伸强度和模量有所降低;增加ABS高胶粉含量,合金熔体流动性能、注塑加工性能均呈下降趋势;当ABS高胶粉质量分数为10%时,合金的熔体质量流动速率与纯PLA相当,熔体流动性较好,tanδ谱图和SEM照片也表征:此配方体系下的合金相容效果最佳。     

苯乙烯-丙烯腈-马来酸酐三元共聚物的合成及其在PC/ABS中的应用

采用本体聚合的方法,以苯乙烯、丙烯腈、马来酸酐为反应单体,加入引发剂、链转移剂合成了苯乙烯-丙烯腈-马来酸酐(SAM)三元共聚物.研究了引发剂种类、用量及链转移剂用量对三元共聚物摩尔质量的影响,寻求最优的合成条件;并以自制的SAM来增容聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)共混物,探讨了SAM对共混物性能的影响.通过红外(FTIR)、核磁(1H-NMR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对三元聚合物结构进行了分析.研究表明:引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)效果优于过氧化苯甲酰(BPO),苯乙烯、丙烯腈、马来酸酐物质的量之比为60:38:2,链转移剂十二硫醇(TDM)和引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)的用量均为单体总质量的0.1%时,可获得摩尔质量为80 000g/mol左右的三元共聚物SAM;SAM对PC/ABS共混物起到了增容作用.     

硫酸钙晶须改性PC/ABS合金材料的性能研究

以硫酸钙晶须、硅烷偶联剂为改性剂,通过熔融挤出法制备了聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物/硫酸钙晶须(PC/ABS/CSW)合金材料,研究了CSW和偶联剂用量对合金材料的力学性能、耐应力开裂性能及熔体流动性能的影响。结果表明:改性后的CSW在PC/ABS基体中分散均匀,PC/ABS基体的拉伸强度提高了17.3%,冲击强度提高了10.3%,同时,其耐应力开裂性能也有很大提高。     

借助ATRP法合成星型多臂氯甲基苯乙烯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物

以对氯甲基苯乙烯(CMS)作为活性单体,CuCl/2,2’-联吡啶(bpy)为催化体系,用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法,在120℃下,通过改变n(CuCl):n(CMS)配比,合成具有不同支化度的超支化聚对氯甲基苯乙烯(h-PC MS),分别考察了催化剂与单体的配比、溶剂极性、用量等因素对所合成的h-PCMS的组成结构、相对分子质量分布指数和转化率的影响.再分别以具有不同支化度的h-PCMS作为大分子引发剂,引发第二单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)聚合,制得以超支化大分子h-PCMS为核,以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为臂的星型多臂共聚物h-PCMS-b-PMMA.借助红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等技术对所制得的聚合物进行表征.本研究的特点是运用先核后臂的方法来合成具有精确分子结构参数的星型多臂共聚物,为进一步深入研究其结构与性能的关系提供了物质依据,更重要的是提供了合成具有复杂但结构可控的多元共聚物的新思路.     

本体法合成ABS树脂Ⅱ.预聚合反应动力学研究

采用本体聚合方法,以1,1-二(叔丁基过氧基)环己烷(DP275B)引发苯乙烯、丙烯腈在聚丁二烯橡胶上接枝共聚合.考察了不同聚合工艺条件下丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)预聚合反应动力学行为规律,并求出相应的假一级表观增长反应速率常数.结果表明:不同工艺条件下的动力学曲线均符合一级线性关系;镍系高顺式橡胶BR9004体系的预聚合反应速率最快;增加引发剂DP275B浓度、提高引发温度、降低低顺式聚丁二烯橡胶700A用量和聚合搅拌速率均可加快ABS预聚合反应速率;当w(700A)为5.0%, w(DP275B)为0.021% 时,共聚单体的表观增长反应活化能为10.84 kJ/mol,频率因子为0.12 min-1.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.