PP-g-MA和UP增容PP/玻璃纤维复合材料性能的研究

以聚丙烯-马来酸酐接枝(物PP-g-MA)和不饱和聚(酯UP)作为界面相容剂,研究了界面相容剂对玻璃纤维增强PP复合材料力学性能及界面黏结的影响。结果表明:加入PP-g-MA或UP,玻璃纤维增强PP复合材料的力学性能明显提高,且UP的增容效果优于PP-g-MA。在玻璃纤维含量为40%时,PP/UP/GF复合材料的拉伸强度比未改性的复合材料的拉伸强度提高了150%,弯曲强度提高了132%,冲击强度提高了89%;扫描电镜照片表明:PP-g-MA和UP使被拔出玻璃纤维表面黏附了一层树脂,增强了PP与玻璃纤维之间的界面黏结作用;DSC测试表明:PP-g-MA和UP同时加入使复合材料熔融峰温度下降结,晶度增加。     

长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的研究

利用自制的熔体浸渍装置制备了长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料。考察了PP基体流动性、玻璃纤维与PP界面结合强度、玻纤用量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:PP基体流动性越好,材料的力学性能越高;相容剂的使用会提高玻璃纤维和PP树脂界面的结合强度,从而提高材料的力学性能;材料的力学性能随玻纤用量的增加出现先增大后减小的趋势,当玻纤用量为50%时,复合材料力学性能最佳。     

长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料力学性能研究

以长玻璃纤维为增强材料,不同聚丙烯(PP)树脂为基体,通过特制的浸渍设备制备长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料(LGF-PP)。考察了PP树脂的熔体质量流动速率、聚合类型(共聚和均聚)及长玻璃纤维的含量对增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能的影响及其机理。结果表明,基体树脂的流动性越好,增强复合材料力学性能越优;复合材料的力学强度等力学性能随着长玻璃纤维含量的增加而增大;同时,PP的聚合类型(共聚和均聚)对复合材料影响程度各不相同。     

玄武岩纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

以聚丙烯(PP)树脂为基体,加入玄武岩纤维(BF)和相关助剂,通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制得相应复合材料。考查相容剂对PP/BF复合材料性能影响、对PP/BF复合材料和PP/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料力学性能、微观形貌和耐热氧老化等性能进行对比。通过实验数据分析,加入相容剂后,拉伸强度提高126.8%,弯曲强度提高223.8%,弯曲弹性模量提高119.9%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高223.2%。在同样质量配比下,PP/BF复合材料较PP/GF复合材料拉伸强度提高9.8%,弯曲强度提高11.0%,弯曲弹性模量提高5.8%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度降低10.7%。从微观电镜分析,加入相容剂可明显改善纤维与PP基材界面浸润程度。另外,BF比GF更易使复合材料老化,常规热氧老化剂1010和168对纤维增强PP类材料耐老化效果并不好,用等量自制热氧老化剂可解决此问题。     

玻纤毡增强聚丙烯复合材料的增容及力学性能

通过玻璃纤维(GF)毡与双螺杆挤出相容剂改性聚丙烯(PP)膜的多层叠合,以熔融浸渍法制得PP基GF毡增强热塑性塑料(GMT)复合材料,研究了相容剂PP接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和PP接枝丙烯酸(PP-g-AA)的用量(为PP基体质量的百分数)及其复配改性,以及相容剂改性PP基体分布和毡体种类对GMT力学性能的影响。结果表明,PPg-MAH可明显提高GMT的拉伸与弯曲性能,但降低了冲击性能;PP-g-AA可明显提高GMT的冲击性能,但不利于拉伸与弯曲性能的提高,只有当PP-g-AA用量超过5%后,拉伸性能才有所提升。在PP-g-MAH用量为3%的条件下,将其与不同用量的PP-g-AA进行复配改性没有对GMT力学性能产生协同作用。在各相容剂用量相近(3%~3.5%)的情况下,与相容剂复配改性GMT相比,以两层PP-g-AA改性PP为芯层、PP-g-MAH改性PP为上下表面层作为改性基体分布时,GMT拉伸与弯曲强度分别提高17%和27%、缺口冲击强度提高48%;而以两层PP-g-MAH改性PP为芯层、PP-g-AA改性PP为上下表面层作为改性基体分布时,在不损失强度与刚性的同时,缺口冲击强度提高了88%。采用连续GF毡的GMT力学性能比采用短切GF毡的GMT高,尤其是缺口冲击强度提高了89.6%。     

玻纤增强ABS复合材料的制备及性能

以丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)及玻璃纤维(GF)为原料,以环氧树脂作为界面相容剂,研究了界面相容剂对玻璃纤维增强ABS复合材料力学性能及界面粘接的影响.结果表明:加入环氧树脂,玻纤增强ABS复合材料的力学性能明显提高;随着玻纤质量分数的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度均逐渐增加;玻纤质量分数为30%时,GF/ABS/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度比未改性的复合材料的拉伸强度提高了30%,弯曲强度提高了25%,冲击强度也提高了50%.     

ABS/SMA/GF复合材料的制备及性能

以丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)及玻璃纤维(GF)为原料,以苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)作为界面相容剂,研究界面相容剂对玻璃纤维增强ABS复合材料力学性能及界面粘接的影响.结果表明:加入SMA玻纤增强ABS复合材料的力学性能明显提高;随着玻纤质量分数增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度均逐渐增加,冲击强度下降.     

熔融浸渍及界面结合对连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

熔融浸渍技术一直是制备连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的主流技术。然而,聚丙烯熔体流动性低、黏度高以及树脂与玻璃纤维相容性较差的问题限制了它的广泛应用。针对这些技术难题,一方面,采用负载了2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷的聚丙烯粒子(MB-CR PP)为断链剂,提高聚丙烯流动性;另一方面,使用相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)来改善连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的界面结合强度。结果表明,使用MB-CR PP能够降低聚丙烯分子量,大幅提高其流动性,可以使熔融树脂与玻璃纤维浸渍更加充分,并降低连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的孔隙率,从而在一定程度上改善复合材料的力学性能。当MB-CR PP在树脂体系中含量为0. 4%时,复合材料的力学性能达到最优。进一步提高其用量会明显降低聚丙烯的力学性能,从而导致复合材料力学性能下降。此外,当相容剂用量从0%增加到2. 5%时,复合材料的界面结合强度明显改善,力学性能也有较大提高,但进一步提高相容剂用量对复合材料力学性能的改善效果就不明显。     

高模量高强度PP/PA6复合材料的制备与研究

以共聚聚丙烯(PPC)与均聚聚丙烯(PPH)复配物作为基体树脂,研究了不同组成比的PP/PA6体系的综合力学性能,并考察了不同相容剂PP-g-MAH和PE-g-GMA对PP/PA6体系的影响,以玻璃纤维作为增强组分,并引入BaSO4,制得了高模量高强度的复合材料.结果表明,有机刚性粒子PA6的引入提高了PP的弯曲模量与拉伸强度,冲击强度有所下降;PP-g-MAH在综合力学性能改善上优于PE-g-GMA;当BaSO4用量为15份时,复合体系在保持一定冲击强度的基础上,较大地提升了弯曲模量和拉伸强度,表现出良好的综合力学性能.     

长玻璃纤维增强尼龙6复合材料力学性能的研究

研究以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和聚烯烃弹性体接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)为界面相容剂的长玻璃纤维增强尼龙6(LGF/PA 6)复合材料的力学性能,并与短玻璃纤维增强尼龙6(SGF/PA 6)复合材料的力学性能进行对比。结果表明:LGF/PA 6复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均随着玻璃纤维含量的增加呈直线上升趋势,玻璃纤维质量分数达到40%时,增强效果十分显著;在添加相同含量的玻璃纤维时,LGF/PA 6复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量低于SGF/PA 6复合材料;2种复合材料的冲击强度均随着玻璃纤维含量的增加呈非线性增加,当添加相同含量的玻璃纤维时,LGF/PA 6复合材料的冲击强度高于SGF/PA 6复合材料;两种界面相容剂均改善了玻璃纤维与PA 6的界面性能,显著提高了复合材料的冲击强度,其中添加PP-g-MAH的LGF/PA 6复合材料的冲击强度的提高高于添加POE-g-MAH的,但拉伸强度和弯曲强度均有不同程度降低,其中添加POE-g-MAH的LGF/PA 6复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量下降得较为明显。     

环氧树脂/短切碳纤维复合材料性能研究

制备出了短切碳纤维增强TDE-85环氧树脂复合材料,研究了碳纤维的含量对复合材料力学性能和耐热性能的影响。结果表明,碳纤维的加入有利于复合材料力学性能和耐热性能的提高,并在碳纤维含量为0.25%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击韧性、弯曲强度和弯曲模量达到最大,分别提高了29.33%、25.31%、30.28%和68.93%。此外,对复合材料的弯曲断裂面进行了微观形貌分析,结果表明一定量的碳纤维可以较好地分散在树脂基体中,同时,碳纤维原丝和树脂基体的界面结合比较弱,主要依赖于两相之间的物理嵌合。     

The effect of surface treatments on the mechanical properties of basalt‐reinforced epoxy composites

Basalt fiber is an emerging alternative reinforcement to glass or carbon depending upon the application. An important contributing parameter to ultimate performance of any composite is the fiber–‐matrix interface, to which toughness and compressive strength are intimately related. To better understand this matrix fiber interaction in controlling properties, we compared different modification strategies and the impact upon the properties of composites. Strategies focussing upon mechanical interlocking through increased surface roughness and covalent chemical bonding using sol/get methods were explored. Combined methods were also used to explore synergistic behavior as well as the use of aliphatic triethylenetetramine (TETA) to react with any covalently attached epoxy groups. Results from single ply composites showed that when the properties were fiber or fiber/matrix dominated, the sol/gel or epoxy silane method gave the largest improvement in ultimate tensile strength increasing 66% and 27% for uni‐weave 0° and 45° laminas. The combined surface modification methods exhibited increases of 45% and 13% for the same laminas. When properties were matrix dominated, the combined strategies produced the highest improvements in ultimate tensile strength of about 55% compared with 37% for sol/gel modification. For 16‐ply plain weave laminates, epoxy silane surface treatments produced the greatest improvements in compressive and interlaminar shear strengths, increasing 52% and 21%, respectively. This correlated with fiber‐ and fiber/matrix‐dominated results from single ply laminas. The combined treatment using TETA however decreased shear and compressive strength by about 20%, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) attributed this to increased resin ductility and plasticization. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical,thermal, and morphological properties of maleic anhydride‐g‐polypropylene compatibilized and chemically modified banana‐fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites

Composites were prepared with chemically modified banana fibers in polypropylene (PP). The effects of 40‐mm fiber loading and resin modification on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the composites were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and so on. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA‐g‐PP) compatibilizer was used to improve the fiber‐matrix adhesion. SEM studies carried out on fractured specimens indicated poor dispersion in the unmodified fiber composites and improved adhesion and uniform dispersion in the treated composites. A fiber loading of 15 vol % in the treated composites was optimum, with maximum mechanical properties and thermal stability evident. The composite with 5% MA‐g‐PP concentration at a 15% fiber volume showed an 80% increase in impact strength, a 48% increase in flexural strength, a 125% increase in flexural modulus, a 33% increase in tensile strength, and an 82% increase in tensile modulus, whereas the heat deflection temperature increased by 18°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

将竹纤维加入到环氧树脂中以形成增强环氧复合材料,研究了竹纤维竹粉和纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）对环氧树脂的力学性能和耐溶剂浸蚀性能的影响。竹纤维含量为15%时,竹纤维/环氧树脂的冲击强度比纯环氧树脂提高50%。纳米SiO2能同时增强和增韧竹纤维/环氧树脂,并提高其耐溶剂浸蚀性能,纳米SiO2含量为4%时,纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂三元复合材料的冲击和拉伸强度分别比未添加纳米SiO2的竹纤维/环氧树脂提高40%和30%。当纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂的质量比为4/15/85时,三元复合材料的综合性能较好。     

剑麻/钢纤维增强改性酚醛树脂力学和摩擦性能

采用改性酚醛树脂为基体,剑麻/钢纤维混杂为增强纤维,通过辊炼、模压成型工艺制备了剑麻/钢纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料.研究了剑麻纤维的加入及含量对聚砜改性酚醛树脂复合材料力学性能、摩擦磨损性能及热稳定性能的影响.结果表明:剑麻纤维质量分数为15%、钢纤维为10%时,复合材料的冲击和弯曲强度分别为3.82 kJ/m2和59.6 Mpa,达到最大;随着剑麻纤维含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦系数降低,热稳定性能下降,当剑麻纤维质量分数为10%时,复合材料的摩擦性能优异;复合材料的磨损面呈现黏着磨损和疲劳磨损特征.     

Study of the mechanical properties of mica-filled polypropylene-based GMT composite

Mica-filled polypropylene (PP)-based GMT (PP–mica–GMT) was prepared by a double-belt press and its mechanical properties were tested. The effect of the mica content on the mechanical properties of PP–mica–GMT was investigated. It was found that with a lower mica content in matrix the tensile and flexural properties were improved; however, at a high mica content level, the tensile and flexural properties decreased. With respect to the impact strength, there is a maximum value at an approximate 20 wt % mica content level. These results were attributed to the influence of mica on fiber–matrix adhesion. It is most likely that low mica content enhances fiber–matrix adhesion; however, high mica content is unfavorable to fiber–matrix adhesion. Maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MPP) was used to enhance the fiber–matrix adhesion at a higher mica loading level for PP–mica–GMT. With increasing MPP content in the matrix, the tensile properties were significantly improved, whereas the Izod impact strength decreased. In addition, with 5 wt % MPP and 40 wt % mica in the PP matrix formulation, the effect of the mica particle size and glass fiber content on the mechanical properties of PP–mica–GMT was investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2719–2728, 2001     

Influence of Fiber Surface Modification on the Mechanical Performance of Isora-Polyester Composites

This paper reports the effect of chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of a natural fiber, isora, as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester resin. Isora fiber is separated from the bark of the Helicteres isora plant by a retting process. The short isora fiber surface was modified chemically by acetylation, benzoylation, silane and triton treatments to bring about improved interfacial interaction between the fiber and the polyester matrix. The modified surfaces were characterized by IR spectroscopy and SEM. The SEM studies were carried out to investigate the fiber surface morphology, fiber pull-out and fiber-polyester interface bonding. They showed the changes occuring on the fiber surface during chemical treatment. Properties like tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength have been studied. The chemical modification of fiber improved fiber/matrix interaction as evidenced by the enhanced tensile and flexural properties. The lower impact properties of the composites, except triton-treated fiber composite, further point to the improved fiber/matrix adhesion, compared to the untreated fiber composites.     

表面处理对剑麻纤维布/不饱和树脂材料性能影响

采用碱、高锰酸钾及热对剑麻纤维布进行了表面处理,并由真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型(VARTM)工艺制备了剑麻纤维布增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料。通过对复合材料的力学性能及吸水性的测试,研究了不同剑麻纤维布表面处理对其不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:经过碱处理,复合材料的拉伸、弯曲,冲击强度提高最大,可分别提高26.5%,16.5%和22.6%,吸水率降低了47.5%。对剑麻纤维布进行表面处理可使复合材料的界面性能得到改善,力学性能提高,吸水性降低。     

玻纤增强PP热塑性片材的制备及力学性能研究

采用熔融浸渍法制备了玻璃纤维毡增强聚丙烯（PP）热塑性复合片材；通过在PP中加入复合改性PP改善了基体与增强纤维间的相容性；考察了相容剂、PP种类及玻纤毡种类对复合片材的影响。结果表明，相容剂的加入可使复合片材的拉伸强度提高29％、拉伸模量提高23％、弯曲强度提高42％、弯曲模量提高25％；高熔体质量流动速率PP可使片材的弯曲与冲击性能进一步改善。连续玻纤毡和长玻纤毡增强PP复合片材，前者综合力学性能良好，而后者则冲击强度较弱、弯曲性能加强。