无卤阻燃EVA复合材料研究进展

分别介绍了采用无机阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、膨胀型阻燃剂和辐射交联技术制备的无卤阻燃乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)复合材料的研究开发现状,并展望了无卤阻燃EVA复合材料的发展趋势。     

多组分协效低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及电缆加工研究

研究了通过多组分协效阻燃体系来获得综合性能优良的无卤阻燃电缆料。选择以Al(OH)3为主阻燃剂,聚硅氧烷为协同副阻燃剂;以LDPE为主树脂,配合适当比例的(乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯)共聚物(E/VAC)和(乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯)共聚物(E/EAK)。分析了无机阻燃剂在基体树脂中高填充所出现的时间尺度上和空间尺度上分散不均匀的问题,提出了采用多步混合造粒工艺及对无机阻燃剂实施表面处理并配合高分子相容剂的方案。最后探讨了高填充无卤阻燃电缆在生产过程中的加工问题,提出通过添加润滑剂来改变复合体系的流动性是解决这些问题的有效手段。     

EVA用阻燃剂阻燃机理及应用研究进展

总结了近年来国内采用无机镁铝阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、硅系阻燃剂、膨胀类阻燃剂对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)阻燃改性研究进展,对每种类型阻燃剂的优缺点、阻燃机理以及各类阻燃剂对EVA基复合材料性能的影响进行了归纳,并对EVA用阻燃剂研究的发展方向予以展望,期望为研发更为高效的EVA用阻燃剂提供有效参考。     

无卤阻燃电缆料的结构与性能

以聚烯烃和无机阻燃剂为主要原料，有机硅为阻燃增效剂，马来酸酐接枝乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物为高分子相容剂，制备了无卤阻燃电缆料，通过扫描电子显微镜对无卤阻燃电缆料的结构形态进行分析并测定了力学性能，阻燃性能，结果表明：有机硅是一种优良的阻燃增效剂，能有效的提高无卤阻燃电缆料的氧指数。同时又是一种良好的分散剂和加工助剂，利用马来酸酐接枝乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物作为相容剂可以改善基体树脂与无机阻燃剂的界面亲和性，有助于提高力学性能和阻燃性能。     

硅烷交联无卤阻燃电缆料的研究

硅烷交联无卤阻燃电缆料是近来发展较有前景的一类电缆料。因为它在燃烧时低烟、无毒、无腐蚀、无二次污染等特性而广受青睐。本文着重讨论Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３等无机阻燃剂对聚乙烯以及乙烯类共聚物性能的影响，以寻求无卤阻燃电缆中无机阻燃剂添加量的最佳配比，此外还对硅烷的交联作用进行试验，对复合阻燃剂与单一阻燃剂做了对比。     

无卤阻燃ABS树脂最新研究进展

综述了近年来无卤阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)的最新研究进展,比较了无机、有机磷酸酯、环磷腈类、含Si化合物类及反应共聚型阻燃剂阻燃ABS的阻燃效果。使用复配阻燃剂可以发挥不同组分之间的协同作用,获得更好的阻燃效果,而使用无机纳米阻燃剂可以同时提高阻燃体系的力学性能、热性能、燃烧性能等,获得综合性能优良的复合材料。因此,将无机纳米阻燃剂同常规阻燃剂复配使用,是无卤阻燃ABS的重要研究途径。     

无机硅系阻燃剂

阐述了硅系阻燃剂近几年发展情况；介绍了无机硅系阻燃剂；综述了含硅基团共聚物、含硅接枝共聚物及聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的结陶和阻燃性能。     

EVA用无卤阻燃剂的研究进展

综述了乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)用无卤阻燃剂的研究进展,包括无机氢氧化物阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、硅系阻燃剂、可膨胀石墨阻燃剂等;指出了EVA用无卤阻燃剂的发展方向。     

硅系阻燃剂研究进展

从添加型硅系阻燃剂、含硅本质阻燃高聚物、聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合阻燃材料等方面，阐述了硅系阻燃剂近几年的发展情况；介绍了有机硅系阻燃剂、无机硅系阻燃剂；评述了硅系阻燃剂具有高效、低毒、抑烟和促进成炭等优点；综述了含硅基团共聚物、含硅接枝共聚物及聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的结构和阻燃性能。     

阻燃剂

偶氮化合物阻燃剂；聚酯、聚酰胺用阻燃剂-稳定剂复合物；PVA薄膜用阻燃剂含磷、硼的甲基丙烯酸酯；亚膦酸酯树脂衍生物及难燃树脂组成物；作阻燃剂的磷酸酯阴离子夹层的水滑石制备；无渗出反应型阻燃剂及制备；具有良好熔融稳定性和耐热性的芳香族聚碳酸酯用阻燃剂；作阻燃剂的含磷化合物；高机械强度的无卤阻燃热塑性树脂组成物；阻燃热塑性聚合物组成物；含琥珀酰亚胺基团的磷菲化合物及难燃聚合物的组成；阻燃、抗菌剂及应用；阻燃剂及阻燃树脂组成物；采用无机阻燃剂阻燃的乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物组成物；超细抑烟阻燃剂的制备；阻燃剂三聚氰胺尿酸酯的制备和应用；耐候性良好的难燃乙烯聚合物组成。     

Improvement of flame retardancy in phenolics and paper-sludge/phenolic composites

Paper-sludge/phenolic composites were fabricated using a novolac-type phenolic resin and paper sludge. A phosphate flame retardant containing halogen (tris 2-chloroethyl phosphate) and inorganic flame retardant (aluminum trihydroxide) were introduced into neat phenolics and paper-sludge/phenolic composite in order to improve their flame retardancy. In addition, magnesium hydroxide and halogenated flame retardant were added into the paper-sludge/phenolic composite. The flame retardancies were estimated with the UL 94 test. To study the flame retardant mechanism, thermal analysis of the phenolics and the paper-sludge/phenolic composites were carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer and a differential scanning calorimeter. The phosphated flame retardant and inorganic flame retardant both showed the flame retardant effect on the phenolics. However, the flame retardancy of the paper-sludge/phenolic composite was enhanced only by phosphated and halogenated flame retardants. This result is attributed to the fact that the flame retardancies of the phenolics and paper-sludge/phenolic composite depend on their heat capacities and decomposition behaviors. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2043–2050, 1998     

丙烯酸系树脂阻燃的研究进展

综述了丙烯酸系树脂的阻燃机理及当前国内外对其阻燃的研究现状和发展趋势。指出，丙燃酸系树脂阻燃中无机阻燃剂氢氧化铝、聚磷酸铵用得较多；有机阻燃剂的有机卤－磷系阻燃剂集有机卤系和有机磷系阻燃剂的优点于一身，在丙烯酸系树脂阻燃中用量最大。今后，添加型阻燃剂将继续被大量使用；反应型阻燃剂因较有前途，将逐渐受到重视；高效、环保的阻燃体系将倍受关注。     

Synthesis of a novel,multifunctional inorganic curing agent and its effect on the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of intrinsically flame retardant epoxy resin

Traditional curing agents have only a single property, while traditional synthetic organic flame‐retardant hardeners often show poor tolerance to oxidants, strongly acidic or alkaline reagents, and organic solvents and have toxicity problems. Here, a novel and multifunctional flame‐retardant curing agent of the inorganic substrate multifunctional curing agent of the inorganic substrate (FCIN) was proposed first and successfully prepared, and then an intrinsically flame‐retardant epoxy resin (EP) was prepared by covalently incorporating FCIN nanoparticles (FCINs) into the EP. The curing behavior of the FCINs was investigated, showing that FCIN/EP expresses a higher global activation energy than tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)/EP and that the FCINs had strong interfacial adhesion to the EP matrix. Additionally, the FCINs were well dispersed and provided a remarkable improvement in mechanical and flame‐retardant properties of the intrinsically flame‐retardant EP. With the incorporation of 9 wt % FCINs into the EP, dramatic enhancements in the strength, modulus under bending, and toughness (～36%, ～109%, and ～586%, respectively) were observed, along with 85.2%, 46.4%, 98.3%, and 77.26% decreases in the peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate peak, and total smoke production, respectively, with respect to that of TEPA/EP. The mechanisms of its flame‐retardant, smoke‐suppression, and failure behaviors were investigated. The development of this unconventional, multifunctional flame‐retardant curing agent based on an inorganic substrate showed promise for enabling the preparation of a variety of new high‐performance materials (such as intrinsically flame‐retardant EP and functional modified polyesters). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46410.     

Melamine polyphosphate/silicon‐modified phenolic resin flame retardant glass fiber reinforced polyamide‐6

The halogen‐free flame retardance of glass fiber reinforced polyamide‐6 (PA6) is an everlastingly challenge due to well‐known wick effect. In this research, a novel system composed of a nitrogen–phosphorous flame retardant, melamine polyphosphate combined with a macromolecular charring agent, silicon‐modified phenolic resin (SPR), was employed to flame‐retard glass fiber reinforced PA6. It exhibited obvious synergistic effect between the two components at a proper ratio range. The flame retardance of the composites can be remarkably improved due to the increased amount and improved thermal stability of the produced char. The flame resistance tests indicated that the synergism system with an optimized ratio achieved V0 (1.6 mm) rating of UL94, 25.2% of Limited Oxygen Index, and only 338.2 W/g of the heat release peak rate. The corresponding synergistic mechanisms were investigated by the characterizations including the thermal gravimetric analysis, carbonation test, and the char morphology observation. It confirmed that the introduced SPR could accelerate the carbonation of PA6 resin, which was in favor of the construction of denser and more continuous charring structure. In addition, the flame retardant materials also indicated the acceptable mechanical properties, showing the advantages in the overall performance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

涂料用本体阻燃树脂单体研究进展

本体阻燃树脂是让阻燃单体参与聚合反应,使之成为合成树脂的结构单元而赋予其较好的阻燃性能。该方法具有阻燃剂使用量少,所得树脂阻燃性能持久,基本不影响材料其他性能等优点。文章综述了近年来国内外研究人员对4类含有不同元素的涂料用本体阻燃树脂单体的研究进展,重点介绍了各类阻燃单体的合成方法,在不同合成树脂中的应用,以及所得树脂的成炭率、极限氧指数、UL-94测试等燃烧性能。最后,对涂料用本体阻燃树脂单体的发展前景作了展望。     

ABS 树脂阻燃技术的研究进展

文章介绍了ABS树脂的燃烧机理及其阻燃技术,重点阐述了各种添加型阻燃剂的阻燃机理、阻燃效果和研究进展,并指出存在的问题,提出了一些建议.     

LLDPE/EPDM复合材料高效阻燃体系的研究

以线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(乙烯／丙烯／二烯)共聚物(EPDM)为基体,以经表面处理的氢氧化镁[Mg(OH)2]为主阻燃剂,微胶囊化红磷和自制阻燃剂S为核心的复合阻燃剂为阻燃增效剂,制备了阻燃性能优良的LLDPE／EPDM复合材料。重点探讨了Mg(OH)2与复合阻燃剂的阻燃效果及其对LLDPE／EPDM复合材料力学性能、加工性能的影响。结果表明,Mg(OH)2与复合阻燃剂并用具有良好的协同效应,当MS(OH)2用量为40份、复合阻燃剂用量为5-7份时,可获得较高的氧指数和垂直燃烧FV-0级的高阻燃性,且材料的加工性能和力学性能较好。     

Flame‐retardant,glass‐fabric‐reinforced epoxy resin laminates fabricated through a gradient distribution mode

In general, epoxy resin (EP) glue mixed with a high content of flame retardants is used to coat glass fabrics layer by layer to prepare fire‐retardant printed circuit boards (PCBs). However, the addition of the flame retardants not only increases the cost but also greatly deteriorates the processability and mechanical properties of the PCBs. In this study, a gradient distribution mode of composite flame retardants was designed and applied in EP‐based PCB composites. Unlike the traditional uniform distribution mode, in which flame retardants are evenly distributed in every resin layer, the gradient mode concentrates a higher content of the flame retardants on the surface layer, and the concentrations are gradually reduced along the thickness. In this way, the surface resin can quickly form a condensed charring barrier to hold back fire; this effectively protects the underlying resin, which has lower contents of flame retardant. The results of this study show that PCB prepared by the gradient mode obtained satisfactory flame retardance (a UL94 V‐0 rating) with only a 3.5 wt % total amount of flame retardant; this value was much lower than that (6.3 wt %) of composites featuring a uniform distribution. Additionally, the gradient mode also maintained the mechanical properties of PCB better. The tensile, impact, and flexural strengths of the gradient distribution system were obviously higher than those of the uniform distribution one with the same content of flame retardant. On the basis of the mode, a more economic and efficient technology was developed to manufacture flame‐retardant layered PCB. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44369.     

硅树脂阻燃聚碳酸酯的研究

采用苯基甲基硅树脂对聚碳酸酯(PC)进行阻燃改性。试验结果表明,苯基甲基硅树脂对PC具有阻燃作用,可有效提高阻燃PC的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度,并提高热变形温度,但对电性能影响不大。在苯基甲基硅树脂质量分数为6％时,材料的氧指数从28％提高到40．6％,阻燃等级由UL94V—2级提高到Ⅴ—0级,不仅完全满足环保要求。而且可保证改性PC材料在阻燃性能要求高的场合应用。