面向云制造的按需工作流任务分配方法

复杂大型的云制造应用需要通过既相互独立又能进行相互配合的多个制造云来协同完成,导致同一个工作流中的任务可在多个分布的工作流引擎中完成.为此,提出了一种"按需分配"的工作流任务分配方法,将任务分配贯穿于业务过程模型实例化过程,详细分析了云制造环境下影响任务分配的4种主要因素;为提高任务分配过程的自动化程度,给出了每种因素与任务需求的匹配方法.仿真实验结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

策略约束面向角色和团队关系的工作流任务分配管理

对任务分配进行有效的管理是适应性工作流中实现动态调整和适应性调整的关键因素之一，WfMC工作流元模型以及绝大多数的工作流管理系统中都引入了基于角色的任务分配，但是很多忽视企业典型工作方式－团队工作方式－与任务分配之间的关系，为此，提出了一个面向角色与团队的混合任务分配方式，并通过层次性策略来约束与协调任务分配中的复杂情况，进一步提高了工作流的适应性，在此基础上建立一个基于单列表，多视图的任务分配管理的实现机制。该方法虽然增加了工作流引擎的复杂性，但更符合企业的工作模式，方便业务建模及实施。     

基于多Agent的蚂蚁觅食过程仿真研究

复杂系统的仿真研究是复杂系统研究领域的一个热点问题.研究表明,传统的建模仿真方法无法很好地刻画复杂系统,而基于多智能体(Agent)的建模仿真方法是当前研究复杂系统的最有力工具之一,有必要进行深入研究.在简单介绍复杂系统以及基于多Agent的建模仿真方法的研究概况后,以蚂蚁觅食过程为研究对象,进行基于多Agent的建模仿真实验,结果表明基本多Agent的建模仿真方法非常适合复杂系统的研究,具有很大的发展空间.     

多Agent系统中基于改进合同网模型的任务分配研究

任务分配是多Agent系统中研究的热.奴,合同网模型是关于多Agent系统中任务分配的经典策略,但传统的合同网模型存在很多不足。在引入基于信任度的招标策略和基于自适应的投标策略的基础上,主要针对传统合同网模型中标阶段存在的问题,从投标Agent的负载、能力和信任度3个方面进行综合考虑和权衡,提出了一种基于多属性评价中标策略的动态任务分配算法,从而有效地提高了任务分配和执行的效率。最后通过仿真实验验证了基于多属性评价中标策略的正确性和合理性。     

基于Agent的复杂系统分布仿真建模方法的研究

基于Agent的分布仿真是研究大型复杂系统的一种有效的、重要的方法。为了减小复杂系统仿真的复杂度,增加仿真模型的重用和可维护性,需要研究基于Agent分布仿真的建模方法。首先对复杂系统及其特性进行了分析,对基于Agent的仿真进行了全面的论述,然后对基于Agent的复杂系统仿真中的复杂系统建模分析、Agent建模分析以及Agent的分布进行了分析,给出了基于Agent的复杂系统分布仿真的建模步骤,最后给出了在此建模思想指导下的金融证券市场的建模过程。     

基于多Agent的工作流引擎的研究

将多Agent技术引入分布式工作流引擎中,构造设计了基于多Agent的工作流引擎模型,并分别解释了引擎模型中模板解析Agent、流程管理Agent、任务分配Agent、活动执行Agent、资源Agent和监控管理Agent的具体功能。该模型利用智能Agent对动态复杂活动进行解析、选取最佳执行路径,解决了工作流引擎运行的瓶颈问题,改善了工作流引擎的运行效率,提高了企业的生产力和处理复杂问题的能力。     

基于Agent的工作流灵活性机制研究

面对复杂多样的应用环境,灵活性和适应性成为工作流技术研究的重点,Agent技术可以被用于提高工作流实现的灵活性.使用元对象方式定义了工作流的元过程,引入多Agent技术到工作流管理系统中,利用Agent的智能性、移动性来实现分布式工作流系统集成,同时,Agent的智能性和合作性能够让工作流的实现具有更好的弹性.提出了一个基于多Agent的工作流管理系统框架,并基于一个通用的移动Agent平台(Aglet)实现了基于多Agent的灵活性工作流机制的原型.     

基于Agent的语言演化仿真研究

语言的产生及其演化问题是复杂系统研究领域的一个热点问题.研究表明,传统的建模方法无法很好地刻画复杂系统,而基于多Agent的建模仿真方法是当前研究复杂系统的最有力工具之一,有必要进行深入研究.在简单介绍复杂适应性系统、基于多Agent的建模方法的研究概况,以及多Agent建模工具--Repast仿真平台以及它的结构、主要类库与建模步骤后,以语言的产生及其演化问题为研究对象,进行基于多Agent的建模仿真实验,结果表明基于多Agent的建模仿真方法非常合适复杂适应性系统的研究,具有很大的发展空间.     

基于Agent的城市废物计量收费方案仿真研究

提出一种基于Agent的城市废物计量收费仿真模型.由于城市废物计量收费仿真模型属于复杂适应性系统(CAS),传统的建模仿真方法无法完好地刻画城市废物计量收费仿真模型,而基于多Agent的建模仿真方法(ABS)是当前研究复杂适应性系统的最有利工具之一.有必要进行深入研究.在简单介绍复杂适应性系统、基于多Agent的建模方法的研究概况,以及多Agent建模工具--Repast仿真甲台以及它的结构、主要类库与建模步骤后,以城市废物计茸收费仿真模型为研究对象,进行基于多Agent的建模仿真实验,结果表明基于多Agent的建模仿真方法非常合适复杂适应性系统的研究,具有很大的发展空间.     

Repast:基于Agent建模仿真的可扩展平台

建模仿真平台为基于Agent建模理论和方法的研究创造了条件.在研究当前流行的基于Agent建模仿真平台不足的基础之上,介绍了一种新的基于Agent建模仿真平台Repast,详细阐述了该平台的设计目标、框架结构及运行机制等内容,并结合一个实例简要说明了Repast模型的设计与实现过程.该平台移植性和可扩展性强,使用方便,易于学习,方便了应用基于Agent建模仿真方法对复杂适应系统及复杂性的研究及探索,同时也为复杂适应系统的研究提供新的思路.     

支持业务事务验证的服务协调模型

在Web服务业务流程中如何保证参与者之间的协调一致性是亟待解决的重要问题.Web服务事务规范中描述的参与者之间的交互消息缺乏严格的语义,无法精确地描述复杂的协调活动,本文用Pi-演算形式化描述WS -TX规范中定义业务活动事务的WS-BA协议,在此基础上建立了适用于多方参与的业务事务的服务协调模型;并利用基于等价自动机转换的HAL模型检测工具,验证分析了WS-BA协议的安全性和活性,给出一个多方参与的业务事务实例的验证过程,介绍如何利用模型检测技术来分析业务流程设计正确性的方法,有效地确保了业务事务执行的可靠性和一致性.     

Applying an authentic,dynamic learning environment in real world business

This paper describes a dynamic computer-based business learning environment and the results from applying it in a real-world business organization. We argue for using learning tools, which not only provide realistic and complex models of reality, but are also are authentic, facilitate continuous problem solving and meaningful learning, and embed learning in social experience. We describe a continuously processed business simulation game, which differs from the majority of business games in the way it is processed. Two company in-house training sessions are then introduced. In these sessions the learning environment was configured to describe the real-world environment of the case company. The empirical part of the paper analyses the findings from these in-house training sessions. We conclude that dynamicity and interactivity of the business learning tool are valuable characteristics if we want to be able to authentically represent the complex, causal, time-bound nature of business organizations.     

支持企业经营过程重组的工作流仿真技术研究

企业经营过程的建模、分析和基于模型的企业 经营过程重组实施是确保企业成功实现经营过程优化重组的三个重要阶段．工作流管理是一 种能够有效的支持这三个阶段的信息技术．至今为止,工作流模型的仿真还是一个比较薄弱 的环节．本文提出了一种基于虚拟运行环境的工作流仿真方法,通过建立工作流虚拟运行环 境,以仿真引擎模拟活动的执行,自动处理过程中的半自动化活动或人工活动,并采用规则 与随机变量相结合的方法处理仿真过程中遇到的不确定因素,从而完成工作流仿真．为了增 强仿真的可信度和可视性,本文将虚拟现实技术引入仿真过程的动画显示．本文介绍了工作 流虚拟运行环境的构成,环境中核心组件（仿真引擎）的工作方式,并讨论了基于代理的虚 拟环境实现．     

A process-oriented methodology for evaluating the impact of IT: A proposal and an application in healthcare

In order to improve the performance of business processes often Information Technologies (ITs) are introduced. However, business processes are known to be complex and distributed among multiple business entities. As a result, the impact of new IT on an entire business process is typically hard to assess as quantitative methods for evaluation are missing. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a process-oriented methodology for evaluating the impact of IT on a business process ahead of its implementation. In our method, process mining and discrete event simulation are key ingredients. Based on automatically stored data, process mining allows for obtaining detailed knowledge on a business process, e.g., it can be discovered how a business process is actually executed. Using discrete event simulation, a model can be built which accurately mimicks the discovered process and which can subsequently be used for exploring and evaluating various redesign of the same process.     

Combining technology roadmap and system dynamics simulation to support scenario-planning: A case of car-sharing service

Due to the volatile market environment, the use of scenario approach comes to the forefront in business strategy. As a means of scenario planning, several approaches have been proposed and conducted. However, previous research, mainly having resorted to the expert judgment for planning and evaluation, still remains conceptual and lacks a systematic link to the planning process. In response, this paper provides an integrative approach to the technology roadmap and system dynamics to support scenario planning. The proposed approach consists of three parts: scenario building, technology roadmapping, and system dynamics simulation. The first step is to construct the scenarios which are used as inputs for the scenario planning. Second, technology roadmap is developed, incorporating the scenarios built in the first step. The technology roadmap works as a strategic framework to realize the hypothetical scenarios, linking the external and hypothetical business and internal strategies. Finally, the strategic model for technology roadmap is transferred to the operational viewpoint using system dynamics. When the simulation ends, the result of each scenario is reflected to the technology roadmapping, making the multi-path technology roadmapping. As an illustrative example, three scenarios of car-sharing business are developed and analyzed.     

From process logic to business logic—A cognitive approach to business process management

The unpredictability of business activities means that business process management should provide a way to adapt to change. The traditional workflow approach, based on predefined process logic, offers little support for today's complex and dynamic business environment. Therefore, a cognitive approach is proposed to help manage complex business activities, based on continuous awareness of situations and real-time decisions on activities. In this approach, the business environment is seen as capturing events that occurred and the state of tasks and resources; business logic involving process routing, operational constraints, exception handling and business strategy is used to determine which actions are appropriate for the current situation. By extending process management from process logic to business logic, the methodology offers flexibility, agility and adaptability in complex business process management.     

Redesigning business processes: a methodology based on simulation and process mining techniques

Nowadays, organizations have to adjust their business processes along with the changing environment in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Changing a part of the system to support the business process implies changing the entire system, which leads to complex redesign activities. In this paper, a bottom-up process mining and simulation-based methodology is proposed to be employed in redesign activities. The methodology starts with identifying relevant performance issues, which are used as basis for redesign. A process model is “mined” and simulated as a representation of the existing situation, followed by the simulation of the redesigned process model as prediction of the future scenario. Finally, the performance criteria of the current business process model and the redesigned business process model are compared such that the potential performance gains of the redesign can be predicted. We illustrate the methodology with three case studies from three different domains: gas industry, government institution and agriculture.     

A digital twin-based multidisciplinary collaborative design approach for complex engineering product development

With the ever-increasing demand for personalized product functions, product structure becomes more and more complex. To design a complex engineering product, it involves mechanical, electrical, automation and other relevant fields, which requires a closer multidisciplinary collaborative design (MCD) and integration. However, the traditional design method lacks multidisciplinary coordination, which leads to interaction barriers between design stages and disconnection between product design and prototype manufacturing. To bridge the gap, a novel digital twin-enabled MCD approach is proposed. Firstly, the paper explores how to converge the MCD into the digital design process of complex engineering products in a cyber-physical system manner. The multidisciplinary collaborative design is divided into three parts: multidisciplinary knowledge collaboration, multidisciplinary collaborative modeling and multidisciplinary collaborative simulation, and the realization methods are proposed for each part. To be able to describe the complex product in a virtual environment, a systematic MCD framework based on the digital twin is further constructed. Integrate multidisciplinary collaboration into three stages: conceptual design, detailed design and virtual verification. The ability to verify and revise problems arising from multidisciplinary fusions in real-time minimizes the number of iterations and costs in the design process. Meanwhile, it provides a reference value for complex product design. Finally, a design case of an automatic cutting machine is conducted to reveal the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于企事业过程的应用系统开发环境研究

本文从企事业过程工程的需求出发,分析企事业过程与应用系统的内在联系,提出一体化企事业系统工程模型,从而将企事业过程与应用系统的开发有机地集成为一整体,在此基础上,初步完成了基于模拟的开发环境原型的设计研究。     

Learning leadership skills in a simulated business environment

In today’s unstable market economy, individuals have to be skilled to work efficiently in constantly changing and complex situations. Thus, graduate students have to be trained to cope with unpredictable situations before they enter the workforce. They need to exercise occupational skills, such as leadership skills, during higher education. Simulation gaming opens up possibilities for active learning of the leadership and other occupational skills needed in complex work environments. The aim of this study is to explore if participation in business simulation gaming sessions can make different leadership types visible and if the simulation gaming sessions provide students with experiences beneficial for the development of leadership skills. In the experiment, a group of multicultural graduate business students (N = 41) participated in gaming sessions with a computerised business simulation game. The participants played the game in virtual teams; some teams had a “satellite member” geographically distant from the rest of the team members. Data consist of the teams’ observations during the simulation game and students’ reflective essays written after the gaming sessions. The results indicate that in the business simulation gaming environment, certain leadership characteristics emerged spontaneously. Experiences about leadership varied between the teams and were dependent on the role individual students had in their team. However, it can be concluded that simulation gaming environment has the potential to be used in higher education to exercise the leadership skills relevant in real-world work contexts.