一株酸性糖化酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

从土壤中筛选得到一株产酸性糖化酶的黑曲霉ASP-S21,粗酶液通过（NH4）2s04沉淀、Sepharose HP阴离子交换层析、SephacrylS-200层析柱分离纯化,SDS-PAGE电泳测定其分子量为120kDa。该酶最适作用温度为65℃;酶的最适反应pH值为4．0;在pH2．2-7．6之间,具有较好的酸稳定性;酶的Km值为0．94mg／mL,Vmax=142．43mol（Glu）／min-L。Cu2＋和Co2＋对酶活有较强的促进作用,10mM的Cu2镟酶活力提高到129％,Fe^3＋对酶催化活力抑制作用较强。该酶且具有部分降解生淀粉的能力,在pH4．0,50℃反应1h,生淀粉酶活力为0．39U,RDA值为4．57％。得到的黑曲霉ASP-S21酸性糖化酶,产生的糖化酶活力高、耐酸稳定性好,酶争陛质符合淀粉糖化工业化过程中对酶的要求,具有良好的研究前景。     

产糖化酶根霉菌的分离及其酶学性质研究

从五粮液酒厂周边采集土样中分离出6株产糖化酶且酶活较高的菌株,选取酶活最高的1株K-1为出发菌,进行发酵实验和酶学性质研究,结果表明,糖化酶酶活在50～55℃较高,最适作用温度为55℃;糖化酶在pH5.5～6之间酶活力较高。酶对玉米粉、小麦粉、木薯粉、苦荞粉、黄豆粉有较强的液化能力,其中对玉米粉的糖化能力最强。在酶的动力学实验中测得Km=1.446 mg/mL,Vm=0.269 mg/mL.min。     

Isolation of Giucoamylase-producing Rhizopus Strains and Study on Their Enzyme Properties

从五粮液酒厂周边采集土样中分离出6株产糖化酶且酶活较高的菌株,选取酶活最高的1株K-1为出发菌,进行发酵实验和酶学性质研究,结果表明,糖化酶酶活在50～55℃较高,最适作用温度为55℃;糖化酶在pH5.5～6之间酶活力较高。酶对玉米粉、小麦粉、木薯粉、苦荞粉、黄豆粉有较强的液化能力,其中对玉米粉的糖化能力最强。在酶的动力学实验中测得Km=1.446 mg/mL,Vm=0.269 mg/mL.min。     

宇佐美曲霉木聚糖酶粗酶性质研究

本文对宇佐关曲霉(Asp．usamii)产木聚糖酶的产酶进程进行了分析，28℃固态静置培养72h，酶活力可达到7442IU／g干曲。粗酶酶学性质研究表明：该木聚糖酶的最适反应温度50℃，低于50℃时较稳定；酶的最适pH4．6，pH稳定范围为pH5．0-10．0。Ca^2 对酶有激活作用，而Mn^2 、Mg^2 、Ba^2 则具有强烈的抑制作用。     

内生黑曲霉产脂肪酶条件研究及其粗酶酶学特性

针对新疆酿酒葡萄中获得的1株产脂肪酶的内生黑曲霉菌株C2J6,研究了该菌株的产酶条件及酶学特性。结果表明,该菌适宜的产酶条件为1%的乳糖为碳源,1%的蛋白胨为氮源,培养基初始pH值为8.0,培养温度35℃,培养时间约72h,此时所产脂肪酶的活力可达18.75U/mL。该菌所产脂肪酶粗酶液的最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH值为7.0,为中温中性酶;在50℃保温1h酶活力保留54.55%,具有良好的热稳定性;在pH值3.0~7.0范围内较稳定,有一定的耐酸性。金属离子Mn2+对酶活力有促进作用,Zn2+、Fe2+、Cu2+对酶活力有抑制作用,K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+对酶活力影响不大。该酶在以葵花油和谷物调和油为底物时,酶活分别为228%和180%,明显高于橄榄油和油烟机废油。     

温度和pH值对耐高温α-淀粉酶活力的影响

本文系统的研究了温度、pH值和底物浓度对地衣芽孢杆菌HM-3产生的耐高温α-淀粉酶酶活力的影响。研究结果表明：地衣芽孢杆菌HM-3N耐高温α-淀粉酶的最适酶促反应温度为：75％-85℃之间，最适作用的pH值为：6．1-7．0之间，该酶用于玉米淀粉的液化其最适底物浓度是20％～25％。     

青霉菌P1木聚糖酶固态发酵研究

研究了青霉菌P1菌株产木聚糖酶的时间曲线，氮源组成，添加物，发酵起始pH值，接种量及发酵温度对产酶的影响。该菌经28℃培养4天，酶活力可达1353．5Iu／g干培养基。酶的最适反应温度为50℃，最适PH为4．6。该酶在50℃以下时热稳定性较高。     

酚醛树脂作载体固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶的研究

以酚醛树脂作载体，研究了糖化型淀粉酶固定化条件及固定化糖化酶的性质，结果表明，在ＰＨ＝３，Ｔ＝３５℃，ｔ＝４ｈ条件下所得固定化酶活力最高，与游离酶相比，酶活力回收可达８２％，糖化酶经固定后催化反应最适ＰＨ＝４．２，最适温度为４８℃，Ｋｍ＝２８．６ｍｇ／ｍＬ，装柱连续水解淀粉２４０ｈ酶活力保留８７％。     

米曲霉M3中性蛋白酶的提取及酶学特性研究

采用硫酸铵沉降法分离纯化米曲霉M3所产中性蛋白酶，并对其酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明：用硫酸铵沉降法所得粗酶粉的酶活力高达159781．1μ／g；该酶的最适反应温度为50℃，最适作用pH值为7．5；该酶在30～40℃时具有良好的热稳定性，在pH值6．5—7．5的条件下酶是稳定的；NH4^1 ，K^1 对该蛋白酶有明显的激活作用，Fe^3 则对其表现出强烈的抑制作用。     

双酶法生产玉米酒精液化及糖化工艺条件的研究

运用正交实验，确定了双酶法玉米酒精生产的液化和糖化工艺条件。最佳液化工艺条件为：液化温度90℃，pH值5．5，液化时间3．5h，液化酶的添加量0．035g／100g玉米粉；最佳糖化工艺条件为糖化温度58℃，pH值4．5，糖化时间2．5h，糖化酶的添加量0．3g／100g玉米粉。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the