毛细管电泳技术及其在烟草成分分析中的应用

简要介绍了毛细管电泳的技术进展,包括分离模式和检测技术,以及在国内外烟草成分分析中的应用,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

糖的毛细管电泳

糖的毛细管电泳杨一，赵国良，薛俊，林炳承（大连理工大学化学系，大连，１１６０１２）（中科院大连化物所，大连，１１６０１２）糖和糖缀合物是生物体内普遍存在的一类化学物质，它们是植物和动物的能量来源，而且在很多生命过程中起重要作用，尤其是糖蛋白中的寡糖链...     

高效毛细管电泳及其在中药分析中的应用

对近年来高效毛细管电泳在中药分析中的应用作简要综述。     

高效毛细管电泳测定乳制品中的酪蛋白糖巨肽

建立了高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)分离测定乳制品中酪蛋白糖巨肽(CMP)的新方法。研究了影响CMP与杂质峰分离的因素,如分离缓冲溶液的种类、浓度、pH值等。结果表明,CMP校正峰面积与质量浓度在60～4 000 mg/L范围内具有良好线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9993,检出限(S/N=3)为20 mg/L,定量限为60 mg/L。该方法简单快速,适用于添加乳清蛋白粉的各种乳制品中酪蛋白糖巨肽的常规检测。     

毛细管电泳在食品分析中的应用

介绍了毛细管电泳 (CE)在食品分析中的应用。重点介绍了食品中无机阳离子、无机阴离子、有机酸、碳水化合物、维生素、脂肪酸、氨基酸、食品添加剂及农药残留等成分的 CE分析方法。并就毛细管电泳法的检出下限、线性和精密度 ,与其它方法作了比较。     

高效毛细管电泳法在黄酮类化合物分析检测中的应用

建立一种高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)法测定黄酮类化合物含量的方法。电解质溶液以20mmol/L 硼砂- 硼酸溶液(pH8.4)作为缓冲液,在25℃、20kV 压力条件下进行电泳,245nm 波长处检测,线性关系良好,在10min 内黄酮类化合物完全分离,符合定性研究和定量测定的要求。该方法具有较好的分离效果和良好的精密度,可应用于黄酮类化合物的测定。     

毛细管电泳法测定绿茶酶解液中的还原糖成分

建立了一种利用毛细管电泳测定绿茶酶解液中主要还原糖的方法。针对绿茶浸提液中可能含有的麦芽糖、乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸等9种主要还原糖,当被1-甲基-3-苯基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生后,在电压21 kV,硼酸浓度200 mmol/L,pH值11.0和柱温25℃的条件下可实现基线分离。对这9种还原糖衍生物作标准曲线,在0.5¹0 mmol/L浓度范围内线性相关度R2为0.993910 mmol/L浓度范围内线性相关度R2为0.9939⁰.9994,最低检测极限范围是0.090.9994,最低检测极限范围是0.09⁰.23μmol/mL,9种还原糖衍生物加标回收率在94.04%0.23μmol/mL,9种还原糖衍生物加标回收率在94.04%¹01.9%。应用该方法测定绿茶酶解液中主要还原糖的组分和含量,得出酶解液中主要含有木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸5种,它们的浓度随着复合水解酶的来源不同而不同。     

小麦醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白亚基的高效毛细管电泳分离研究

初步探讨了小麦醇溶蛋白和低分子量谷蛋白亚基（ＬＭＷ－ＧＳ）高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）分离的分辨芳及其重复性。结果显示：利用碱性硼酸钠缓冲液系统及一个改进的毛细管冲洗程序分离麦醇溶蛋白，可获得较高的分辨度和重要性。通常在３０ｍｉｎ内一个品种较易分离出４０个左右醇溶蛋白组分，而且重复分离之间峰迁移时间和峰高的平均相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）可分别保持在０．２％和４％左右。利用ｐＨ２．５酸性磷酸缓冲液（含２０     

毛细管电泳技术在乳品蛋白分析中的应用

乳品在全球范围内生产和消费,受到广泛且持续的关注,蛋白质是乳品评价最重要的指标之一。毛细管电泳技术(capillary electrophoresis, CE)具有样品用量少、分离模式多、分析效率高的优势,在乳品蛋白质分析方面具有巨大的应用潜力。本文简要介绍了CE技术检测乳品中蛋白质的特点和难点,总结了毛细管凝胶电泳法、涂层毛细管电泳法、胶束电动毛细管色谱法、免疫亲和毛细管电泳法、毛细管区带电泳法等模式在乳品蛋白质分析中的优劣势,列举了CE技术在乳品品质鉴定、过敏原分析、真伪鉴别、蛋白质糖基化分析、乳品处理和蛋白水解过程等相关生产和质控环节的应用情况,展望了CE技术在乳品分析应用中的发展趋势。     

利用区带毛细管电泳分离、分析葡萄籽原花青素

通过选择不同的缓冲液,发现硼酸盐缓冲液对含有大量同分异构体和不同聚合度的葡萄籽原花青素分离、分析具有良好的效果,利用毛细管电泳可以将葡萄籽原花青素各组分进行一定程度的分离,得到较好的电泳图谱。当硼砂-磷酸盐缓冲液pH=9,浓度为80mmol/L时,原花青素混合物的分离度和分离效果最好。提高毛细管电泳分离电压和分离温度,降低硼砂-磷酸盐缓冲液的浓度,可以改善各组分的分离效果,缩短分离时间,提高分析速度。通过解聚反应,可使高聚体原花青素降解,葡萄籽原花青素的电泳分离效果得到明显改善,在低浓度(20mmol/L)硼砂-磷酸盐缓冲液中也可得到艮好的毛细管电泳图谱。     

高效毛细管电泳检测啤酒酵母中谷胱甘肽

为建立简单、快速的谷胱甘肽检测方法,采用Beckman毛细管电泳仪对啤酒酵母中谷胱甘肽进行检测,选用石英毛细管柱（60cm×75μm,有效柱长36cm）、1/15mmol/L、pH7.4的磷酸缓冲液、分离电压25kV、紫外检测波长为200nm,进样5s。结果表明：谷胱甘肽在5～100mg/L内呈现良好的线性关系（R2=0.9996）,平均回收率为97.2%,平均相对标准偏差RSD为3.2%。该法结果准确,操作简单,重现性好,可应用于谷胱甘肽的测定。     

Optimization analysis by capillary electrophoresis of thiamine in meat: comparison with high perfomance liquid chromatography

 A new capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the analysis of thiamine in meat is proposed. Samples were submitted to acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis and the extracts were purified using ethanol and an ion exchange column. The thiamine content was determined by CE using 100 mM sodium tetraborate, 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.6), 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate and 10% isopropyl alcohol as a separation buffer solution. The analysis was carried out at 15 kV and 50  °C in a 70 cm effective length× 75 μm i.d. fused-silica capillary using on-column UV detection at 254 nm and 7 s injection time (27 nl injection volume). The results obtained by CE for thiamine contents in meat were compared to those obtained by HPLC using an ion-pair reverse phase column with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection. Received: 24 August 1998 / Revised version: 21 January 1999     

Sorting for beef tenderness using high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis: A research note

This study utilized two sampling methods to examine changes in sarcoplasmic proteins during aging of beef and their relation to tenderness. Water-soluble proteins either obtained by manually expressing exudates from the meat (drip) or by an extraction procedure using homogenization and centrifugation (ext) were analyzed for longissimus lumborum muscle using HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE) on days 2, 7, 10 and 14 postmortem. A peak that consistently increased with aging was identified using HPLC. Among nine peaks detected in the CE analysis, peak 9 (100kDa) that increased and peak 4 (30kDa) that decreased with aging were correlated (P<0.05) to tenderness as determined by Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). For pooled data of all aging periods, drip sample explained the most variability (49%) in shear force compared to ext sample (25%) using HPLC analyses. At 2 days postmortem, a multiple linear regression model explained 83% of the variation in WBSF using CE-ext or HPLC-drip samples. Sixty percent of the variability in shear force was explained by CE-ext samples for day 7 data. The variability in shear force as explained by either drip or ext sample was less than 51 percent for 10 and 14 days postmortem data. The drip samples were comparable to ext samples in predicting WBSF values for both tough (>46N WBSF on day 2) and tender (<46N WBSF on day 2) strip loins using CE and HPLC procedure. Results suggest that a simple drip sampling may have a potential for use with either HPLC or CE analyses on day 2 postmortem for sorting carcasses into tenderness groups.     

毛细管电泳法分离检测饮料中的防腐剂

采用高效毛细管电泳法,同时在线分离检测对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、山梨酸钾和苯甲酸3种防腐剂。考察了运行缓冲液的浓度、pH值、分离电压、进样时间等因素对电泳分离的影响。在检测波长为230nm时,获得了3种防腐剂分离检测的最优化实验条件为:20mmol/L pH 9.2的硼砂缓冲溶液,分离电压为22kV,进样时间15s。在最优化实验条件下,3种防腐剂检测的线性相关系数均大于0.98,检出限为1.0×10-2g/kg。利用此方法检测了市售3种饮料中所含防腐剂的种类和含量,各种防腐剂的回收率在88%~102%之间。     

Determination of histamine by capillary zone electrophoresis using a low-pH phosphate buffer: application in the analysis of fish and marine products

 Histamine levels in samples of fish and marine products were determined by capillary zone electrophoresis using phosphate buffer at pH 2.44 and UV detection at 214 nm. A plot of the area of the peaks versus histamine concentration was linear over the range of 1–100 ppm with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. Calibration using the height of the peak also gave good correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9969, at concentrations between 1 ppm and 20 ppm. The recovery of added histamine in different samples of fish and fish products was, on average, 99.65%. The method described in this work was used for the quantitation of histamine in fish and fish products. Received: 19 March 1996/Revised version: 22 July 1996     

毛细管电泳在多肽分离和检测中的应用

分析了毛细管电泳的基本原理、分离模式及检测技术，从多肽的分离、纯度鉴定、结构分析、等电点测定、定量检测等方面综述了毛细管电泳在多肽分析中的最新研究进展。     

Fast method to determine furosine in breakfast cereals by capillary zone electrophoresis

Furosine is a well-know marker of the extent of the thermal treatment applied to foodstuffs. A fast, reproducible and accurate capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method to analyse furosine focused on complex matrices, such as cocoa-added breakfast cereals, is presented. A representative group of 17 commercial cocoa-added breakfast cereals were determined by the reference method (HPLC) and by CZE. In addition, eight ready-to-eat breakfast cereals were tested to point out the application of the procedure to a simpler matrix. Data from both methodologies are compared by F-test and unpaired Student's t-test, showing no significant differences among them and an adequate correlation between methods was found (r ²=0.9852; p=0.000). The CZE method provides a valuable analytical tool for determination of furosine in cocoa-added breakfast cereals and is suitable for routine analysis where presence of highly retained material could limit the resolution and shelf-life of the analytical columns applied for HPLC. The analysis is carried out in 3 min. The stability of the migration time and the good correlation between HPLC–CZE results support the effectiveness of the method.     

Determination of banned sudan dyes in chili powder by capillary electrophoresis

A simple and fast method, based on the use of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in combination with UV detection, was developed for the determination of Sudan dyes (I, II, III and IV). The separation of a mixture of the four standards was achieved using a background electrolyte consisting of 5 mM borate (pH 9.3), 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and 20% acetonitrile. Under optimized conditions, the four azo-dyes were baseline separated in 20 min with limits of detection ranging from 96 to 610 μg/L (S/N > 3). The applicability of the method for rapid screening and determination of Sudan dyes (I, II and III) was studied by analyzing spiked chili powder samples from India, Pakistan, Mexico, United States, Canada, and China.     

Characterization of casein lactosylation by capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry have been used to verify the formation of lactosylated casein variants. CE was performed in a hydrophilically coated capillary at low pH and in the presence of urea. Lactosylated α-casein, β-casein, and κ-casein migrate shortly after the unmodified proteins. Evidence for casein lactosylation was obtained by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Lactosylated β-casein can be monitored not only in milk and milk powders but also in the complex protein mixture of processed cheese. The formation of lactosylated β-casein A1 and A2 during heating of processed cheese was found to correlate with the furosine content. Consequently, CE of casein may be a possible method for directly assessing the extent of the early Maillard reaction in dairy products.