Al-Mg-Mn-Er-Zr合金激光焊接接头的疲劳性能

研究了Al-Mg-Mn-Er-Zr合金薄板及其激光焊接接头的静态拉伸性能和疲劳性能,并获得相应的S-N曲线及条件疲劳极限.通过微观组织分析及疲劳断口观察,探讨了Al-Mg-Mn-Er-Zr合金激光焊接接头的疲劳断裂原因.结果表明,Al-Mg-Mn-Er-Zr合金激光焊接接头存在明显的组织不均匀性,母材为典型的轧制组织,焊缝区的显微组织为细小等轴晶,晶粒尺寸约为40μm,热影响区为再结晶组织;激光焊接接头的抗拉强度低于母材,存在焊接接头软化的现象,接头系数约为0.73;激光焊接接头的条件疲劳极限为母材合金的68.5％;焊接接头的组织不均匀性及焊缝中的第二相夹杂是影响接头疲劳性能的主要原因.     

GH625合金氩弧焊焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展性能

研究了钨极氩弧焊GH625高温合金焊接接头的室温疲劳裂纹扩展行为。采用金相显微镜及扫描电镜对其焊接接头的显微组织和疲劳裂纹扩展断口形貌进行观察。结果表明,GH625高温合金的钨极氩弧焊焊接接头主要是由枝晶状焊缝组织和γ奥氏体等轴晶母材组成,焊缝区析出大量的白色针状δ-Ni3Nb相和块状颗粒状Laves相;其焊接接头的显微硬度高于母材;室温下,在低ΔK区间,GH625高温合金钨极氩弧焊焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率比母材低,这是由于焊缝处硬质的析出相、二次裂纹以及扩展路径的曲折多样使得其裂纹扩展时需要消耗更多的能量;在高ΔK区间内,焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率高于母材。     

含稀土相高温钛合金焊接接头的疲劳断裂特性

研究了Ti-60合金电子束焊接接头的显微组织及稀土相的分布特征;对焊接接头高温旋转弯曲疲劳性能进行了试验研究,讨论了影响接头疲劳性能的主要因素.焊后状态下焊缝区中存在大量的α′马氏体组织,焊缝区中的稀土相颗粒弥散分布于晶界及晶内,尺寸在100～200 nm.焊接接头具有较好的高温旋转弯曲疲劳性能,无焊接缺陷的接头均断裂在母材区,稀土相颗粒对裂纹的扩展具有阻碍作用.     

钛合金激光焊接接头的组织和力学性能

对2.5mm厚BT20钛合金激光焊接接头各区域(包括焊缝和热影响区)的组织特征进行了观察,并测试了焊接接头各区域的显微硬度分布以及室温条件下的接头拉伸、弯曲、疲劳及断裂韧度等力学性能.研究结果表明,焊接接头各区域的微观组织均以"网篮状"马氏体组织为特征,接头各区域显微硬度均高于母材.接头静抗拉强度基本与母材相当,塑性略低于母材.接头中值疲劳寿命与应力水平有很大的关系.在低应力水平下,接头中值疲劳寿命与母材相当,而在高应力水平下,接头中值疲劳寿命远低于母材.接头焊缝金属的断裂韧度显著低于母材,而热影响区断裂韧度则介于母材和焊缝金属之间.     

铸造TC4合金电子束焊接工艺研究（英文）

主要探讨铸造TC4合金电子束焊接工艺。为了获得良好的铸造TC4合金电子束焊接接头,作者对焊缝形貌,微观组织和接头拉伸性能进行研究。结果表明:通过调节焊接电流和焊接速度可以获得电子束焊双面成型工艺,但是对于厚板却很难获得双面成形的焊缝形状,经X射线检测焊缝内部质量,能满足检验标准;铸造钛合金电子束焊接接头微观组织构成的母材由板条状α相和β相组成,焊缝区域由针状马氏体组成,热影响区由细针状马氏体、板条状α相和β相组成;铸造TC4电子束焊接接头拉伸性能与母材相当,因此可以通过改善母材的组织成分和显微组织来提高其焊接接头的拉伸强度。冲击试验表明应力集中系数对吸收功有很大的影响。     

Study on the Electron Beam Welding Process of ZTC4 Titanium Alloy

主要探讨铸造TC4合金电子束焊接工艺。为了获得良好的铸造TC4合金电子束焊接接头,作者对焊缝形貌,微观组织和接头拉伸性能进行研究。结果表明:通过调节焊接电流和焊接速度可以获得电子束焊双面成型工艺,但是对于厚板却很难获得双面成形的焊缝形状,经X射线检测焊缝内部质量,能满足检验标准;铸造钛合金电子束焊接接头微观组织构成的母材由板条状α相和β相组成,焊缝区域由针状马氏体组成,热影响区由细针状马氏体、板条状α相和β相组成;铸造TC4电子束焊接接头拉伸性能与母材相当,因此可以通过改善母材的组织成分和显微组织来提高其焊接接头的拉伸强度。冲击试验表明应力集中系数对吸收功有很大的影响。     

A7N01铝合金退火处理后焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展特性

针对高速列车底架结构采用A7N01铝合金的焊接接头进行了疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,利用扫描电镜以及光学显微镜方法,研究了母材、热影响区及焊缝微观组织的演化,晶粒中弥散强化相、粗大强化相、粗大析出相以及杂质相等第二相粒子对疲劳裂纹扩展抗力的影响,进而研究A7N01铝合金焊接接头不同区域的疲劳裂纹扩展机制,为轨道车辆的安全可靠性评估提供基础性数据。     

9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta耐热钢电子束焊缝和搅拌摩擦焊缝组织性能比较

对9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta耐热钢分别进行电子束焊和搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,研究了不同焊接方法对焊缝微观组织及接头冲击韧性的影响规律. 结果表明,电子束焊缝由粗大的树枝状板条马氏体组成,且原奥氏体晶界处和晶内的析出相发生完全溶解;搅拌摩擦焊缝由细小且均匀的板条马氏体组成,晶界处的M₂₃C₆碳化物发生溶解,晶内球状MX相无明显变化. 由于形成大量的板条马氏体,电子束焊缝和搅拌摩擦焊缝硬度均显著高于母材. 不同焊接方法对其焊缝的冲击吸收功有着显著影响,电子束焊缝冲击吸收能量仅为母材的12.2%,而搅拌摩擦焊缝则表现出较好地冲击韧性,其冲击吸收能量为母材的90%.     

Hastelloy C-276薄板激光焊接接头疲劳性能EI北大核心CSCD

对0.5 mm厚Hastelloy C-276薄板激光焊接接头进行疲劳试验,结合应力-寿命(S-N)曲线和疲劳断口形貌,研究母材及焊接接头的疲劳性能,分析母材和焊接接头的疲劳断裂机理。结果表明:0.5 mm Hastelloy C-276薄板焊接接头和母材的S-N曲线斜率基本相同,焊接接头疲劳性能和母材的基本相当;母材疲劳断口疲劳裂纹起源于试样侧表面,主要沿宽度方向扩展,随着应力的减小,疲劳源数目减少,疲劳裂纹扩展速率减小;焊接接头在母材和焊缝处随机断裂,焊接接头母材区断口形貌和母材断口形貌基本一致,而焊接接头焊缝区断口的疲劳裂纹起源于侧表面棱角处和焊缝表面,焊缝表面是主要疲劳源,裂纹主要沿厚度方向进行扩展,疲劳裂纹扩展区呈现出准解理断裂特征。     

TC4钛合金微束等离子弧焊接接头疲劳性能研究

运用微束等离子弧焊接方法对TC4钛合金薄板进行堆焊,通过测试母材及焊接接头在振动载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率发现,焊接接头的抗裂纹扩展能力比母材强。观察并分析母材及焊接接头的金相组织及疲劳断口可知,焊缝区的网篮组织中存在许多细长α′针状马氏体,会阻碍裂纹的扩展,提高焊缝抗裂纹扩展能力;热影响区组织中的α′针状马氏体比焊缝区数量更多,形态更加短小,是其拥有比焊缝区更好的抗裂纹扩展性能的原因。     

铝硅镀层钢激光填丝焊接接头组织和性能

对铝硅镀层热成形钢进行激光填丝焊接试验,研究填充焊丝对焊接接头显微组织、力学性能及拉伸失效机制的影响. 结果表明,在激光自熔焊条件下,焊缝中平均Al元素含量为1.90%(质量分数),显微组织为马氏体和粗大的δ铁素体,焊接接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为1 340 MPa和1.80%,因δ铁素体与马氏体之间存在显著的硬度差(142 HV),拉伸时裂纹源于δ铁素体和马氏体之间的相界面. 在激光填丝焊条件下,焊缝平均Al元素含量降低至0.96%,由于填充焊丝对铝的稀释作用使得焊缝为全马氏体组织,焊接接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别提升至1 510 MPa和4.4%. 因填充焊丝同时对焊缝中的碳也有稀释作用,焊缝中马氏体硬度(491 HV)低于母材中马氏体(523 HV),拉伸时裂纹于马氏体内部萌生并扩展,最终断裂于焊缝.     

Microstructure and Fatigue Properties of Laser Welded DP590 Dual-Phase Steel Joints

In this paper, cold-rolled DP590 dual-phase steel sheets with 1.5 mm thickness were butt-welded by a fiber laser, and the evolution and effect on microhardness, tensile property and fatigue property of the welded joint microstructure were studied. The results showed that the base metal is composed of ferrite and martensite, with the martensite dispersed in the ferrite matrix in an island manner. The microstructure of the weld zone was lath-shaped martensite that can be refined further by increasing the welding speed, while the heat-affected zone was composed of ferrite and tempered martensite. The microhardness increased with increasing welding speed, and the hardness reached its highest value—393.8 HV—when the welding speed was 5 m/min. Static tensile fracture of the welded joints always occurred in the base metal, and the elongation at break was more than 16%. The conditional fatigue limits of the base metal and the weld joints were 354.2 and 233.6 MPa, respectively, under tension–tension fatigue tests with a stress rate of 0.1. After observation of the fatigue fracture morphology, it was evident that the fatigue crack of the base metal had sprouted into the surface pits and that its expansion would be accelerated under the action of a secondary crack. The fatigue source of the welded joint was generated in the weld zone and expanded along the martensite, forming a large number of fatigue striations. Transient breaking, which occurred in the heat-affected zone of the joint as a result of the formation of a large number of dimples, reflected the obvious characteristics of ductile fracture.     

Microstructure and fatigue crack growth behaviour of electron beam welding in 30CrMnSiNi2A steel

The effects of two post-weld heat treatment processes on the microstructure and fatigue properties of the electron beam welded joints of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel were studied. Electron beam local post-weld heat treatment ( EBLPWHT) , in a vacuum chamber, immediately after welding and a traditional furnace whole post-weld heat treatment (FWPWHT) were accepted. The experimental results show that, after EBLPWHT, the main microstructure of weld is changed from coarse acicular martensite into lath martensite, and base metal is changed from ferrite and perlite into upper bainite and residual austenite, however the microstructures of different zones of joints in FWPWHT conditions are tempered sorbite. The fatigue crack growth rate da/dN of welds and base metal are not obviously changed among EBLPWHT, FWPWHT test and as-welded (AW) test, as the mechanical properties of materials have a certain but not large effect on the da/dN of welded joints. The resistance to near threshold fatigue crack growth data of welded joints can be largely improved by EBLPWHT and it is related to microstructure and crack closure effect.     

无钴马氏体时效钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能分析

对18Ni无Co马氏体时效钢进行了真空电子束焊接,用金相显微镜观察了焊接接头的组织形貌,并测定了焊缝区、热影响区、基体的显微硬度.结果表明,18Ni无Co马氏体时效钢组织为板条马氏体组织,材料焊接性能良好,焊缝区凝固组织为胞状树枝晶,熔合线附近热影响区晶粒发生了再结晶,晶粒长大明显.硬度分布有明显的规律性,焊缝区硬度最低,细晶区硬度最高,熔合线附近的热影响区,离熔合线越远,硬度值越高.在距熔合线2.5 mm处有一个马氏体与奥氏体两相混合的狭窄区域,硬度较其两侧有明显降低.     

力学失配对电子束焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

研究了高温合金电子束焊接接头区的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,深入分析了接头区力学失配对疲劳裂纹扩展方向及疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响规律。结果表明,由于力学不均匀性的影响,电子束焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展具有不稳定性,位于高匹配焊接区的疲劳裂纹偏离原裂纹扩展方向,跨越焊接区与母材,呈复合型扩展;焊接区疲劳裂纹的集团使得裂纹尖端有效应力强度因子减小,因而焊缝区裂尖局部有效裂纹扩展驱动力下降,导致接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率下     

Fatigue properties of welded joints using steel with high resistance to fatigue crack growth

It has been generally recognized that the fatigue life of welded joints is little influenced by the strength of steels owing to the high-stress concentration and the tensile residual stress near the weld toe. In this paper, improvement of the fatigue life of welded joints using steel with high resistance to fatigue crack growth (ferrite/martensite (F/M) steel) is investigated. F/M steel has a microstructure with an elongated and banded martensite phase distributed in a ferrite matrix and a fatigue crack growth rate of about one-half to one-tenth in the thickness direction, compared with conventional steel. As a result, the fatigue life of an out-of-surface gusset-welded joint increases with the decrease of the fatigue crack growth rate. The fatigue life of welded joints using F/M steel with the highest resistance to fatigue crack growth increases to about twice that of joints using conventional steel. Whereas the fatigue crack growth rate decreases significantly, the fatigue life of welded joints increases only slightly. This can be attributed to the stress ratio independent of the fatigue crack growth rate. In other words, the fatigue crack growth rate of F/M steel increases with the increase of the stress ratio, approaching that of conventional steel. In the case of welded joints, even if a fatigue test is carried out at a low-stress ratio, the region near the weld toe is under a high-stress ratio due to tensile residual stress. Therefore, improvement of the fatigue life of welded joints becomes comparatively small so that the effect of fatigue crack retardation of F/M steel decreases.     

消除应力回火对30CrMnSiNi2A真空电子束焊接头组织和力学性能的影响

针对30CrMnSiNi2A超高强度钢结构件真空电子束焊后消除应力回火工艺,开展了重复回火对锁底焊接接头最终热处理状态的组织与力学性能影响研究。试验结果表明,焊接零件分别经过一次、三次消除应力回火,其最终态拉伸性能与直接最终热处理30CrMnSiNi2A原材料相比有少量提升,同时焊缝的拉伸性能略高于母材;原材料、一次消除应力焊件、三次消除应力回火焊件终态显微组织均为板条状马氏体,除组织均匀性和马氏体形貌略微变化外,无显著的组织及成分差异;相比于母材的疲劳极限,一次消除应力回火接头疲劳极限降低了11%,三次消除应力回火接头疲劳极限降低了18%。     

TC4-DT电子束焊接头显微组织及疲劳裂纹扩展行为

在光学显微镜下对TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接头显微组织进行了分析,讨论了接头不同位置显微组织特征.比较了疲劳裂纹始于焊接接头不同位置时的宏观裂纹扩展路径及裂纹扩展速率,依据焊接接头显微组织特点讨论了显微组织对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响.结果表明,电子束焊接头沿熔深方向显微组织存在一定的差异;文中条件下,与母材区相比焊缝熔合区及热影响区具有较高的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力,导致裂纹扩展路径逐步偏向母材区,最后讨论了裂纹扩展路径的偏折对裂纹扩展速率的影响.     

TC21+TC4-DT线性摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能试验

针对高强TC21和中强TC4-DT异种钛合金进行线性摩擦焊工艺研究,对接头进行不同热处理,接头微观组织和力学性能进行试验分析. 结果表明,TC21 + TC4-DT线性摩擦焊接头飞边成形良好,飞边表面光滑根部无明显缺陷存在;焊态条件下焊缝组织为典型的魏氏组织结构特征,热处理后焊缝组织析出弥散的针状α相,随着热处理温度的升高析出的针状α相逐渐长大粗化,致使接头冲击和断裂性能先上升后下降;接头拉伸性能与TC4-DT母材相当;700℃/3 h热处理接头、母材高周疲劳性能试验结果表明,接头的疲劳极限达到558 MPa,与TC4-DT基体相当,焊缝组织细化是提高接头疲劳极限的重要原因.     

焊后热处理对P92钢焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学金相显微镜和力学性能测试等方法,研究了电阻履带式和中频感应两种不同的焊后热处理方法对P92钢焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:中频感应处理下的焊缝组织较为细小,马氏体板条界面变得更加模糊;焊接接头各层母材、热影响区及焊缝硬度值分布均匀,内、中和外层的硬度差值较小;焊缝及热影响区冲击吸收能量沿壁厚方向分布较为均匀,且均高于P92母材标准要求值。因而,中频感应加热法不仅可以很好地改善焊缝组织,而且在壁厚方向上,可以使焊缝韧性等力学性能更加均匀。