垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理技术及应用

渗滤液成分复杂,采用单一的处理方法不能满足其处理要求,需要通过不同方法进行优化组合与灵活应用.年轻填埋垃圾渗滤液具有良好的生化处理可行性,一般采用生物(包括好氧、厌氧或好氧与厌氧相结合)法,或以生物法为主结合前处理和物化深度处理的手段进行处理;而老龄填埋场渗滤液B/C逐渐降低可生化性差、氨氮浓度逐渐升高、难降解污染物质成分复杂且浓度高.针对老龄填埋场的渗滤液的水质特性,选择适宜的物化与生物相结合的手段对其处理,即提高B/C和降低氨氮浓度,又达到去除难降解有机物的目的.     

强化脱氮高效多级生物池MBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

垃圾渗滤液污染物浓度高,而排放标准又比较严格,传统的垃圾渗滤液生化处理工艺,普遍存在脱氮效果不佳、生化处理效率低以及运行成本偏高的问题。采用强化脱氮高效多级生物池MBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,无混合液内回流系统、可有效减少鼓风曝气量、充分利用原水中的碳源,大幅降低处理成本,同时具有生化反应效率高、抗冲击负荷能力强等特点。系统的设计应充分考虑污泥浓度、流量分配、各阶段池容积以及各阶段需氧量等因素的影响。     

季节变化对某市地面水厂处理效果影响的研究

通过对温度与原水水质、出水水质和各工艺段处理效果的相关性分析,研究结果如下:季节变化对原水中的CODMn影响比较大,而对原水中的氨氮和亚氮浓度影响不大;对出水中的CODMn、氨氮和亚氮浓度都有影响;生物预处理设施、絮凝沉淀池、V型砂滤池、一级臭氧接触池和二级臭氧接触池的CODMn去除率基本不受季节变化的影响,季节变化只影响一、二级生物活性炭池CODMn的去除率;季节变化影响生物预处理设施、V型砂滤池对氨氮去除率,而对絮凝沉淀池的氨氮去除率基本没有影响。     

ABR反应器对垃圾渗滤液的处理试验研究

ABR工艺在处理垃圾渗滤液中具有其他厌氧生物反应器所达不到的优点。尤其是对B/C低、氨氮浓度高、COD浓度高的废水处理,通过调节回流比、HRT、碱度等参数后,可以取得很好的处理效果。在本次实验中,HRT控制在18h后明显提高的垃圾渗滤液的可生化性及C/N,使ABR出水CODcr去除率达到75%,C/N为6.72,对后续好氧反应起到了重要作用。在调控一定回流比后,为提供厌氧氨氧化所需的电子受体NO-3和NO-2实现脱氮。反应器在经过120d的培养驯化,氨氮进水为460mg/L,ABR对氨氮的去除率稳定在80%。不同格室的厌氧颗粒污泥都得到很好的驯化并在其合适的环境中发挥各自的功能。     

生化预处理-O3-MBR工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

针对垃圾渗滤液水质复杂多变、污染物浓度高的特点,北方某市采用了强化生化预处理-O3-MBR深度处理相结合的工艺流程处理垃圾渗滤液.强化生化预处理对垃圾渗滤液的CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N等污染物的去除率在90.1%、92.5%、94%以上,降低了深度处理的负荷;对生化预处理出水进行臭氧氧化后,BOD/COD从0.16提高到0.28,有利于后续MBR单元的处理;最终MBR单元出水水质达到<生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准>(GB 16889-1997)一级标准.工程调试及运行结果表明,该工艺运行稳定.     

我国垃圾渗滤液处理现状及存在问题

对我国垃圾渗滤液处理历史和现状进行了总结 ,并对垃圾渗滤液氨氮浓度高和可生化性差等问题进行了探讨。述评了渗滤液处理的研究方向 ,即高浓度氨氮处理技术和渗滤液深度处理技术。     

MBR在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用研究

对比研究了UASB-MBAC工艺、普通MBR工艺及投加专性耐盐菌强化MBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,特别是对高含盐垃圾渗滤液的效果.结果表明:采用普通MBR处理高含盐垃圾渗滤液时,对有机物去除能力有限,运行时间越长,处理效率越低;投加耐盐菌可有效改善MBR对高含盐渗滤液中有机物的去除效果.试验发现不论是普通MBR还是投加耐盐菌强化的MBR处理高含盐渗滤液时,对氨氮都具有较高的去除率,几乎达到100%.     

合肥市龙泉山生活垃圾渗滤液处理厂设计及运行分析

介绍了合肥市龙泉山生活垃圾渗滤液处理厂的设计和运行实例,包括工艺的选择、各单元设计和实际运行参数的比较,并对实际运行中出现的问题进行分析.结果表明,有机物浓度和氨氮浓度很高的垃圾渗滤液在处理时,生化处理效果优于物化处理,主要处理单元可考虑采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)降解有机基质,采用多级串联CASS池同时进行生物脱氮和有机物的去除.同时对不通过物化法脱氮而直接采用硝化-反硝化处理高氨氮废水的工艺进行了研究.     

垃圾渗滤液的磷酸铵镁沉淀法预处理技术研究

研究了磷酸铵镁沉淀法 (MAP)去除氨氮、COD以及难降解有机物的效果。试验结果表明 ,在投加药剂Mg∶N∶P摩尔比为 1∶1∶0 7,pH 9～ 9 5的条件下 ,垃圾渗滤液氨氮的去除率在 70 %左右 ,COD的去除率为 10 %～ 2 0 % ,而难降解有机物的去除率达到了 4 0 %～ 5 0 % (以UV2 6 0 表征 )。并且经MAP法处理后垃圾渗滤液的可生化性也得到了一定的改善 ,UV2 6 0 /COD值从 9 1× 10 - 4降低到 (6 1～ 6 5 )× 10 - 4。     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液超临界水氧化试验研究

采用间歇式超临界水氧化反应装置,用过氧化氢为氧化剂,对生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液进行处理,考察了反应温度、压力、停留时间等因素对氧化效果的影响。结果表明:超临界水氧化对渗滤液COD和TOC的去除率随着反应温度、压力、停留时间的增加而显著提高。当渗滤液原水COD、TOC和BOD的质量浓度分别为8 119、2 289和971 mg/L时,在反应温度405℃,压力25 MPa,停留时间37.1 s的条件下,经超临界水氧化反应后,渗滤液中COD和TOC的去除率分别达到了98.8%和97.6%。此外,超临界水氧化反应能明显改善渗滤液的可生化性,反应后渗滤液的生化比由0.12提高到0.55。     

Degradation of recalcitrant organic contaminants by solar photocatalysis.

Biological pre-treated landfill leachates of Djebel Chakir contains some macromolecular organic substances that are resistant to biological degradation. The aim of the present work is to assess the feasibility of removing refractory organic pollutants in biological pre-treated landfill leachate by solar photocatalyse process. Leachate pollutant contents are studied to assess their contribution to leachate pollution and their treatability by solar photocatalyse process. Phenol is chosen as model of pollutants, to evaluate its removal and the efficiency of the photocatalytic system. The experiments were carried out in suspended photocatalytic reactor, using TiO2 Degussa P25, under sunlight illumination (UV-A: 15-31 W/cm2). Under optimum operational conditions, applied to single reactant (phenol), the system presents a TOC removal of 90% (the degradation follows a first-order kinetic). Based on the TOC removal, the results shows that the degradation of biological pre-treated leachate follows a zero-order kinetic. After 5 h of sunlight exposure, 74% of COT is removed. The TOC removal is the best without any correction of the pH and at the TiO2 concentration of 2.5 g/L. The photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants as well as the formation and disappearance of the by-products were followed by GC/MS. The solar photocatalysis processes induce several modifications of the matrix leading to more biodegradable forms: all the remaining and new compounds generated after the biological pre-treatment of leachate are degraded and other types of organics appear, mainly carboxylic acid, aliphatic hydrocarbons and phtalic acids.     

高浓度氨氮渗滤液脱氦方式的比较及选择

氨氮浓度高是垃圾渗滤液的水质特征之一,目前对于高浓度氨氮废水的处理方法主要有硝化—反硝化、氨吹脱法、化学沉淀法以及新型生物脱氮技术。基于工程实例,对国内外已有的去除垃圾渗滤液高浓度氨氮的方法进行了阐述和对比,并对渗滤液处理厂脱氮方式的选择提出了建议。     

填埋场渗滤液水位对填埋气收集的影响研究

为研究我国填埋场中气体运移规律建立了考虑我国城市固废组分特点的填埋场液-气运移耦合模型,应用此模型对西安江村沟填埋场现场抽气试验进行模拟分析。结果表明:抽气竖井影响半径随饱和度升高明显缩小;抽气竖井影响范围随堆体水位下降而显著提高,降低堆体水位可显著提高填埋气收集效率。根据分析结果建议对于典型高厨余固废含量填埋场,在设计抽气竖井间距时应考虑高厨余垃圾组分特点及降解规律,并且采取相应措施对填埋场中渗滤液水位进行控制,以提高填埋气收集效率。     

溶解氧对低负荷CAST 工艺除磷效果的影响

结合北京市某污水处理厂CAST工艺的运行情况,考察了DO对除磷及污泥性质的影响.研究表明选择区的厌氧状态很重要.处理低浓度污水时,主区DO对污泥的活性和污泥含磷量有影响,较低的DO有利于提高污泥的活性和含磷量,从而提高除磷率.     

Two-stage anaerobic digestion enables heavy metal removal.

To fully exploit the environmental benefits of the biogas process, the digestate should be recycled as biofertiliser to agriculture. This practice can however be jeopardized by the presence of unwanted compounds such as heavy metals in the digestate. By using two-stage digestion, where the first stage includes hydrolysis/acidification and liquefaction of the substrate, heavy metals can be transferred to the leachate. From the leachate, metals can then be removed by adsorption. In this study, up to 70% of the Ni, 40% of the Zn and 25% of the Cd present in maize was removed when the leachate from hydrolysis was circulated over a macroporous polyacrylamide column for 6 days. For Cu and Pb, the mobilization in the hydrolytic stage was lower which resulted in a low removal. A more efficient two-stage process with improved substrate hydrolysis would give lower pH and/or longer periods with low pH in the hydrolytic stage. This is likely to increase metal mobilisation, and would open up for an excellent opportunity of heavy metal removal.     

垃圾渗滤液中好氧反硝化生物脱氮的最佳条件

对垃圾渗滤液间歇曝气(曝气时DO为5.5～7 mg/L;停止时DO为1.1～5.5 mg/L),在仅有有机碳、无机氮的条件下进行好氧反硝化作用.通过正交试验确定了好氧反硝化的最佳条件为水力停留时间168 h,DO为5.5～7 mg/L,有机碳源为乙醇,当有机碳源为乙醇时C/N为10.并得出影响好氧反硝化作用因素的重要性排序依次为C/N＞水力停留时间＞有机碳源＞DO.C/N是影响好氧反硝化的主要因素,对TN去除率有高度显著的影响;水力停留时间对TN去除率有显著影响;有机碳源对TN去除率有一定影响;DO对TN去除率没有显著影响.     

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺及其研究进展

垃圾渗滤液污染物浓度高 ,水质水量变化大 ,是国内外污水处理的难题。综述了垃圾渗滤液的生物、物理化学、土地和循环回灌处理法 ,分析了各种处理方法的特点 ,讨论了国内外渗滤液处理研究的进展 ,列举了我国几大垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺。认为生物法与物理化学法结合将是未来渗滤液处理研究的主要方向。经济高效的脱氨氮方法能大大提高后续生物处理效率     

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物处理技术

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染浓度极高,持续时间长,若不加处理而直接排放,会造成严重的环境污染.分析了渗滤液处理工艺的现状,并结合国内外的工程实例,重点阐述了渗滤液生物处理技术.     

Simultaneous nitrification/denitrification in an aerobic biofilm system

In the biological pretreatment of landfill leachate in Mechemich (Germany) a loss of inorganic nitrogen of up to 90% was observed in the nitrification step (rotating biological contactor) under low DO conditions. Ammonia was removed but only small amounts of nitrate were produced. Nitrite accumulation did not occur. In aerobic batch tests nitrogen loss was confirmed without any addition of organic substrate, even when homogenizing the biofilm mechanically to destroy possible anoxic microzones. N₂ was measured as the gaseous end product of the process. From results presented it can be assumed that a largely autotrophic microorganism population performed this aerobic nitrification/denitrification.