生活污水为碳源处理硫酸盐矿山废水可行性试验

为提高微生物法处理硫酸盐矿山废水的效果以及降低处理成本,采用生活污水做为硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的有机碳源,重点考察生活污水作为碳源的可行性,通过不同的[COD]/[SO42-]配比找到最佳配比值,以及硫酸盐的还原率、重金属的去除率和有机物的去除情况.结果表明,生活污水作为SRB的有机物碳源是可行的,当[COD]/[SO42-]为2.5时,硫酸根的去除率最高为83.2 %,而较低的C/S会影响反应的效果,COD去除率最高为85.2 %.而Fe2+不同配比下都达到了96 %的去除,Mn2+则是较低C/S下达到87 %的去除效果.     

电絮凝法治理实验室废水的研究

通过电絮凝法去除模拟实验室废水样品中的Cu2+和Cr6+,研究了治理过程中各种因素对去除率的影响,并得到最佳去除铜和铬的实验条件.结果表明:在最佳的实验条件下:室温(25℃),以铁为阳极,不锈钢为阴极,电压为4.0 V,pH值为4.0,电解时间为30 min,Na2SO4为0.7g/L,用电絮凝法对模拟实验室含Cu2+和Cr6+废水进行治理,Cu2+和Cr6+的去除率分别为99.93 %和98.91 %.     

SBR活性污泥吸附水中重金属离子的研究

研究了SBR活性污泥对重金属离子(Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe3+)的吸附作用。结果表明:在30℃温度下,pH为5时,其对Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+的去除率达到最大值50%左右;当pH为3时,对Fe3+的去除率达到最大值73.6%。吸附动力学过程可用二级吸附速率方程描述。在10~30℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高,Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe3+的去除率分别由54.6%、46.3%、45.3%6、8.9%,增大到58.6%、51.3%、49.6%、73.6%。当重金属离子初始质量浓度为50 mg/L,污泥投加量为0.2 g时,Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+和Fe3+的去除率达到最大值,分别为61.5%、54.3%、53.3%和76.2%。吸附等温线结果表明,Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe3+在吸附剂上的吸附可用Freundlich方程描述。     

Fenton试剂对铁锰矿井废水处理的实验研究

使用Fenton试剂对铁锰矿井水进行处理试验,论述了反应温度、H2O2的投加量、pH、反应时间对Fenton试剂处理矿井水的影响,讨论了Fenton试剂处理酸性矿井废水的机理。结果表明:芬顿试剂对铁锰矿井水中锰的去除效率很高,矿井水中的Fe2+能与H2O2形成Fenton试剂后产生的具有强氧化性的.OH能有效处理矿井水中的Mn2+。对于原水Mn2+的初始浓度为2 mg/L,Fe2+的初始浓度为250 mg/L,pH为5,当控制反应温度为25℃,H2O2的投加量为8 mmol/L,调节pH值为4.5,反应时间为10 m in,Mn2+去除效率可以达到78.1%以上。     

Fenton高级氧化技术去除水中有机污染物2-MIB的影响因素研究

针对目前比较关注的致嗅物质污染问题,选用Fenton高级氧化技术研究了其对水中致嗅物质2-甲基异莰醇（2-MIB）的去除,探讨了Fenton反应对水中致嗅物质的去除效能及H2O2/Fenton摩尔比、Fe2＋浓度、反应时间和溶液pH值各因素对氧化反应的影响。提出了Fenton氧化反应去除2-MIB的最佳反应条件。实验结果表明：Fenton高级氧化能有效去除水中的2-MIB。在H2O2/Fenton摩尔比为3.0、Fe2＋浓度10 mg/L、反应时间10 min和溶液pH值为3.0时,去除效率达到97.9%。Fenton氧化反应的操作条件（浓度、pH值等）比较容易实现,因此Fenton氧化技术在实际污染处理中有很大的应用前景。     

硫酸盐还原菌分离及其处理煤矿酸性废水工艺的实验研究

针对煤矿酸性废水直接排放污染水资源的问题,试验选用污泥样作为筛选样品富集硫酸盐还原菌,采用稀释涂布-叠皿夹层厌氧培养法分离纯化SRB,研究了SRB对煤矿酸性废水中Fe2+和SO42-的去除效果。试验结果表明:分离纯化得到的SRB符合典型的"S"型生长曲线,SRB的最佳生长条件为34℃、p H为7、70%乳酸钠作为碳源。综合比较接种不同量SRB对煤矿酸性废水的处理效果可知,接种10%SRB的处理效果较好,接种时间为5d时对煤矿酸性废水中SO42-和Fe2+的去除率分别为74. 71%和99. 18%。     

Fenton试剂处理港口化学品洗舱废水

根据珠海某港口化学品洗舱废水的组成,配置甲醛、甲苯、苯酚的单独污染物模拟废水,采用Fenton试剂对港口废水和模拟废水进行氧化处理。通过实验探讨了不同的H2O2和Fe2+浓度、pH值、反应时间下各种废水COD的去除情况,确定了各种废水最佳的操作条件。港口废水在最佳的操作条件下COD去除率约为88%,废水的COD质量浓度从2 000~2 200 mg/L降到低于280 mg/L,废水由原来的无法生化变为易生物降解。苯酚、甲醛、甲苯模拟废水在各自最佳的操作条件下,COD去除率也都达到85%以上。     

SRB法处理酸性矿山废水的实验研究

硫酸盐酸性矿山废水是我国矿区水污染中对生态环境破坏影响最大的污染源之一,通过实验室静态实验确定高效SRB最佳生长条件参数为温度35℃,pH 7.0,COD/SO42-比值为1.3,Fe2+=150 mg/L。最后,利用自行设计、研制的内升流(流化床)外降流(生物膜滤池)式厌氧生物反应器进行同步除硫、脱氮、除磷、去除重金属离子酸性废水综合治理的可行性研究,实验表明这一研究思路和工艺设计是可行性的,废水综合处理可达到较为满意的效果。     

草酸铁络合物／H2O2／UV体系对靛红染料废水脱色的研究

以草酸铁络合物/H2O2作光氧化剂,利用紫外光对水溶性染料靛红进行了光氧化降解试验研究。结果表明,在pH值为3,[Fe(Ⅲ)]/[C2O42-]=1/3,H2O2为100 mg/L条件下,光照30 min后,质量浓度为30 mg/L的染料溶液其脱色率达到98.5%,COD去除率为54.4%。与UV/Fe3+、UV/H2O2、UV/草酸等光氧化体系相比,脱色效果较为明显。     

生物滤池同步去除地下水中Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和As(Ⅲ)的试验研究

为了考察生物滤池对Fe2+、Mn2+和As(Ⅲ)的净化效果和沿滤层深度方向的去除规律,采用人工配制的含有As(Ⅲ)100~150μg/L,Fe2+0.5~1.5mg/L,Mn2+1~1.5mg/L的原水,通入已接种水厂成熟锰砂的生物滤池进行过滤试验。结果表明:生物滤池在120d运行过程中,原水中的As(Ⅲ)未影响滤柱对Fe2+、Mn2+的去除效果,滤池出水Fe2+0.3mg/L、Mn2+0.05mg/L,As(Ⅲ)10μg/L,沿滤层深度Fe2+、Mn2+和As(Ⅲ)具有各自的去除规律。滤池滤料SEM检测和反冲洗泥样FRIT光谱分析结果表明滤池运行120d后,滤料表面及滤层中生长了大量微生物。     

Iron and manganese removal from textile effluents in anaerobic attached-growth bioreactor filled with coirfibres.

A laboratory scale study on Fe and Mn removal in upflow anaerobic bioreactor of a working volume of 20 L with coir fibre as the filter medium was investigated for a period of 312 days. The maximum Fe and Mn levels considered were 10 and 5 mg/L respectively, which are the typical average values of textile effluents subsequent to the primary and secondary treatments. Ten sub-experimental runs were conducted with varying HRTs (5 days to 1 day), ratios of COD:SO42- (20 to 3.5), Fe levels (0.005 to 10 mg/L) and Mn levels (0 to 5 mg/L). COD:SO2 of 3.5 was identified as the optimum point at which sulphate reducing bacteria (SRBs) out competed methane producing bacteria (MPBs) and further reduction of this ratio caused total and/or significant inhibition of MPBs, thus building sulphate reducing conditions. The effluent contained Fe and Mn below the permissible levels (1.6 and 1.1 mg/L for Fe and Mn, respectively) stipulated by US National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for inland surface waters at HRTs higher than 3 days. Results of the mass balance showed more Fe accumulation (60%) in sediments whereas 27% in the filter media. An opposite observation was noticed for Mn.     

Application of chemical precipitation for piggery wastewater treatment.

Several series of experiments were conducted to investigate the treatment of piggery wastewater using chemical precipitation (CP) where various types of coagulants such as aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), poly aluminium chloride (PAC), ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and ferrous chloride (FeCl2) were used. Throughout the experiments, CP was found to achieve high removal efficiencies for organic compounds and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from the piggery wastewater. Experimental results showed the optimal doses of FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCl2 and FeSO4 was 2.0 g/L, while 0.31 g/L and 2.5 g/L were the optimum dose for PAC and Al2(SO4)3, respectively. The pH range 4-5 resulted in the best performance to all coagulants except FeCl2 and FeSO4, whose optimum pH were more than 6. Percentage removal efficiencies for COD were in the ranges of 70-80%, 90-95% for SS, 80-90% for organic-N and TP. Those removal efficiencies were achieved within 5 min of operation. Three times of repetition in CP resulted in higher removal efficiencies for COD, SS and colour up to 74%, 99% and 94% respectively, in which Al2(SO4)3 was used as the coagulant. Removal efficiencies of various water quality parameters in a continuously operated reactor were similar to those of the batch experiments. Biodegradable ratios (BOD5/COD) increased up to 65% after the application of CP.     

哈尔滨浅层地下水污染现状及影响因子分析

为查明人类活动驱动下的哈尔滨市浅层地下水污染现状及主要影响因子,利用松嫩平原地下水污染调查评价项目的数据,对浅层地下水主要化学特征进行了简单的描述。在此基础上,采用单因子污染指数法与内梅罗综合指数法对地下水污染现状进行评价,最后利用统计分析软件SPSS对采样点进行聚类分析。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水水化学类型以Ca-HCO_3、Ca-Cl-HCO_3、Ca-SO_4-HCO_3型水为主,水化学作用以溶滤和人类活动混合作用为主;地下水污染属于区域性污染,以轻度污染为主;除Fe、Mn以外,主要污染指标还有总硬度、TDS、p H、NO_-3、NH+4、Cl-、SO_2-4、As。Fe、Mn含量超标主要是受原生地质环境影响;研究区地下水污染的主要污染源为工业污染、农业污染、生活污染及地表水补给污染,人类活动主要影响水体的总硬度、TDS、p H、NO_-3、NH+4、Cl-、SO_2-4、As、总磷。     

二氧化氯催化氧化降解铬黑T试验研究

在常温常压下,对Fe2O3/γ—A12O3+H2O2和ClO2+TiO2两种催化氧化体系处理铬黑T废水的效果进行了分析。试验结果表明,处理甲基橙废水效果较好的Fe2O3/γ—Al2O3+H2O2组合对铬黑T的降解效果非常有限,而ClO2+TiO2组合的处理效果较好:以500 mg/L的铬黑T溶液为模拟废水,当pH为4,C102投加量为200 mg/L,TiO2投加量为500 mg/L,反应时间为90 min时,脱色率达89.96%,CODCr的去除率可达45.36%。     

Determination of processes affecting groundwater quality in the coastal aquifer beneath Puri city, India: a multivariate statistical approach

Variability of groundwater quality parameters is linked to various processes such as weathering, organic matter degradation, aerobic respiration, iron reduction, mineral dissolution and precipitation, cation exchange and mixing of salt water with fresh water. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to the standardized data set of eleven groundwater quality parameters (i.e. pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fe3+, alkalinity, NO3-, Cl-, SO4(2-), TDS) collected during the post-monsoon and the summer seasons in order to elicit hydrologic and biogeochemical processes affecting water quality in the unconfined aquifer beneath Puri city in eastern India. The application of PCA resulted in four factors explaining 73% variance in post-monsoon and 81% variance in summer. The HCA using Ward's method and squared Euclidean distance measure classified the parameters into four clusters based on their similarities. PCA and HCA allowed interpretation of processes. During both post-monsoon and summer seasons, anthropogenic pollution and organic matter degradation/Fe(III) reduction were found dominant due to contribution from on-site sanitation in septic tanks and soak pits in the city. Cation exchange and mineral precipitation were possible causes for increase in Na+ and decrease in Ca2+ concentration in summer. Fresh water recharge during monsoon and Sea water intrusion in summer are attributed as significant hydrologic processes to variations of the groundwater quality at the study site.     

红球菌Rhodococcus sp-1对地下Mn(Ⅱ)生物去除特性的研究

利用传统的细菌分离方法,从地下水生物除锰滤池中分离、纯化出一种细菌,经LBB法检测其具有Mn(Ⅱ)氧化能力,利用Sherlock~?细菌鉴定系统初步确定其属于红球菌属(Rhodococcussp.).对红球菌Rhodococcus sp-1菌株的Mn(Ⅱ)生物去除特性进行研究,结果表明:Rhodococcussp-1茵株在接种20 h左右达到生长稳定期,Mn(Ⅱ)的去除量趋于稳定,可达到12 mg/L,具有很强的地下水Mn(Ⅱ)生物去除能力;同时Rhodococcus sp-1菌株的生长可以改变其培养环境的pH,使pH升高.为锰生物氧化机理和特性的研究提供了优势菌株,同时为后续的锰氧化细菌固定化和酶学研究奠定了基础.     

Dual-electrode oxidation used for aniline degradation in aqueous electrolyte

The electrochemical degradation of aniline in aqueous electrolyte has been studied by dual-electrode oxidation process using Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5 for anodic oxidation and graphite cathode to produce H2O2 in situ. The linear voltammograms were employed to obtain reasonable anodic and cathodic potential values for the purpose of restraining side reactions. The influence of Fe2+ on aniline degradation was investigated under potentiostatic condition with a three-electrode system. It was found that an anodic potential range of 2.0 +/- 0.1 V and a cathodic potential of -0.65 V could favor anodic oxidation and H2O2 generation. Anodic oxidation was accounted for aniline degradation in the absence of Fe2+, while in the presence of Fe2+ both electro-Fenton oxidation and anodic oxidation (dual-electrode oxidation) could degradate aniline effectively. When cathodic potential values were -0.65 and -0.80 V, the optimum Fe2+ concentration were 0.50 and 0.30 mM, respectively. 77.5% COD removal and 70.4% TOC removal with a current efficiency (CE) of 96-100% were achieved under the optimum conditions. This work indicates that dual-electrode oxidation process characterized by a high CE is feasible for the degradation of organic compounds.