不同种类再生刚玉对刚玉浇注料性能的影响

分别以板状刚玉、钢包再生刚玉、精炼炉再生刚玉为骨料,以板刚玉(≤0.074 mm)α-Al2O3微粉(D50=1.8 μm)、纯铝酸钙水泥及外加剂等原料为基质制作刚玉浇注料,研究了不同种类再生刚玉对刚玉浇注料性能指标的影响.结果表明:钢包再生刚玉及精炼炉再生刚玉的加入,导致刚玉浇注料的气孔率增大,体积密度、常温强度减小,抗渣性下降等.     

电熔致密刚玉和板状刚玉对刚玉-莫来石材料结构与性能的影响

以电熔致密刚玉、板状刚玉、电熔莫来石、可引入硅源和铝源的复合粉体为主要原料,研究了电熔致密刚玉和板状刚玉对烧后(1600、1700℃)刚玉-莫来石材料结构与性能的影响.结果表明:1)电熔致密刚玉的反应活性较低,原位莫来石缓慢持续生成,晶粒数量较少、尺寸较大,而板状刚玉的反应活性相对较高,原位莫来石晶粒数量较多、尺寸较小...     

刚玉类型对刚玉—莫来石材料性能的影响

分别采用电熔白刚玉、板状刚玉为主要原料,制作刚玉—莫来石试样,对其常温性能、高温抗折强度、高温抗弯蠕变性能、抗热震性和显微结构进行了对比研究。结果发现:用板状刚玉制作的刚玉—莫来石试样的综合性能比用电熔白刚玉制作的试样优异,板状刚玉更适用于刚玉—莫来石高温窑具的生产。     

烧结致密刚玉的工艺探讨

烧结致密刚玉是一种新型的高级耐火原料,它性能优良,是钢铁连铸不可缺少的基础材料。本文介绍“一步法”工艺(即r-Al-2O-3直接转化为烧结致密刚玉)的探索实践过程,并根据化学分析、XRD、和SEM等数据资料对比了国内外产品的性能。烧结致密刚玉是冶金部“八五”重点攻关项目,也是江都瓷厂重要的高级耐火原料开发的新产品,1991年通过对原料超细粉碎,致密添加剂选择、成型增塑剂和真空挤压成型工艺以及高温烧成等课题进行技术攻关,克服了烧结刚玉试生产过程中的种种困难,终于在国内首创实现了将r—Al_2O_3直接转化为烧结致密刚玉的一步法生产工艺,使烧结刚玉达到月产60吨批量生产的规模。经中科院上海硅酸盐研究所和冶金部洛阳耐火材料研究院测试,“江都烧结致密刚玉的技术指标,已接近和达到美国和日本同类同期产品的水平”。1991年12月13日由江苏省轻工业厅主持通过了省级技术签定、现将该耐火原料新产品的工艺探索过程向同行汇报如下。     

微孔刚玉和板状刚玉耐火材料的抗渣性对比

分别以微孔刚玉和板状刚玉为原料,按粒度为3～1、≤1和≤0.088 mm的原料质量分数分别为35%、30%和35%配料,外加4%的纸浆废液作结合剂,压制成坩埚试样,在1 600℃保温3 h烧成后,加入10 g碱度为3.2的转炉终渣,在1 600℃保温3 h条件下进行抗渣试验,然后测量并计算试样的侵蚀指数和渗透指数,并对侵蚀后试样进行了形貌观察、元素面分布分析和微区成分分析.结果表明:两种刚玉质耐火材料的抗渣侵蚀性基本相同,但是,以微孔刚玉制备的试样的抗渣渗透性却比以板状刚玉制备的差.     

刚玉砖和铬刚玉砖的应用

刚玉砖及铬刚玉砖是石化行业造气炉和反应炉的关键耐火衬里材料。本文介绍了国产刚玉砖及铬刚玉砖的力学性能及其在石化行业气化炉和反应炉上的应用情况。结果表明 ,刚玉砖及铬刚玉砖主要理化性能和使用效果达到或超过同类引进产品 ,完全可以替代进口材料 ,满足了石化行业的生产需要     

硅溶胶结合刚玉和刚玉-莫来石浇注料的性能研究

以电熔白刚玉、电熔莫来石、氧化铝微粉、二氧化硅微粉和硅溶胶为主要原料,制备了硅溶胶、二氧化硅微粉结合刚玉浇注料以及硅溶胶结合刚玉-莫来石浇注料,研究了不同温度处理后浇注料的常温性能、冷态和热态抗折强度以及弹性模量等性能,并进行了差热、X射线衍射和显微结构分析。研究结果表明:1)与二氧化硅微粉相比,硅溶胶能够显著提高浇注料800℃以下的抗折强度;硅溶胶结合和二氧化硅微粉结合的机制以及随温度变化的规律基本一致。2)高温下刚玉骨料中β-Al2O3分解产生的Na2O大部分进入液相,使液相中Na2O含量增加,不利于浇注料中原位生成莫来石,并降低材料的高温强度。3)莫来石加入到硅溶胶结合刚玉浇注料中,能显著降低浇注料的弹性模量,借助于高温下液相的传质作用,莫来石彼此连接形成网络,从而增加了浇注料的强度。     

钢包用刚玉-尖晶石透气砖的研制与应用

研究了基质中MgO含量对以电熔刚玉、尖晶石为主要原料制成的刚玉 -尖晶石透气砖 (砖芯 )性能的影响 ,并比较了刚玉 -尖晶石砖与传统铬刚玉砖的性能。结果表明 :刚玉 -尖晶石砖热震稳定性优于铬刚玉砖 ,但其体积稳定性不如铬刚玉砖 ,生产中不易控制 ;工业试验表明 ,刚玉 -尖晶石透气砖 (砖芯和座砖 )优于传统铬刚玉透气砖。     

钢包用刚玉-尖晶石砖

以电熔白刚玉、电熔尖晶石、氧化铝微粉为主要原料,经高温烧成,制成高纯刚玉－尖晶石钢包衬砖。制品性能优良,耐渣蚀、抗渗透。在钢包上使用取得良好效果     

改进刚玉-莫来石轻质耐火砖性能研究

研究了原料配比、烧成温度和保温时间及有机燃尽物对刚玉-莫来石轻质耐火砖性能的影响。通过对各种影响因素的分析，提出了改进刚玉-莫来石轻质耐火砖性能的方法及理论依据。     

Technological parameters of corundum chamotte

Conclusions It has been established that to obtain densely sintered macrocrystalline corundum chamotte it is most expedient to obtain the briquet in the form of granules 20–25 mm in diameter from finely ground GK alumina (or special alumina brands of high purity) followed by annealing at 1900–1950°C.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 31–36, March, 1980.     

Pore bifurcation, growth and pore termination in nanoporous alumina with concave and convex surfaces

The growth of nanoporous alumina on concave or convex aluminium surfaces has been investigated. The number of pores during anodic oxidation increases or decreases almost linearly with the thickness of the oxide which is due to bifurcation or termination of single pores during alumina growth. The anodic oxidation has been constantly conducted in oxalic acid at 40 V. Therefore the average interpore distance has not changed during alumina growth. In earlier papers it has been shown that a bifurcation of pores is the result of the change of voltage and the electrolyte. In this work we have demonstrated that a termination or a bifurcation of pores is also possible by structuring the aluminium to a curved surface with concave or convex properties before oxidation. Those results do not depend on the substrate characteristics or on the alumina preparation techniques.     

高铝水泥及含高铝水泥耐火材料中Al_2O_3的化学分析方法

提出了测定高铝水泥及含高铝水泥的耐火材料中Al2O3的化学分析方法,并把该方法与“粘土、高铝质耐火材料化学分析方法”及“高铝水泥化学分析方法”做了对比。采用本方法分析高铝水泥及含高铝水泥的耐火材料中Al2O3含量,具有准确、简便等特点。     

Effect of MgO micropowder on sintering properties and microstructures of microporous corundum aggregates

Microporous corundum aggregates were fabricated based on superplasticity, with α-Al₂O₃ micropowder as the main raw material, by adding nano-sized alumina sol and MgO micropowder. The relationship between the superplasticity and the in-situ stress during sintering, the corresponding sintering properties, and the microstructures of the fabricated microporous corundum aggregates were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that the relationship between the superplasticity and the in-situ stress is the main factor that influences the sintering behavior of the microporous corundum aggregates. Various amounts of MgO micropowder were added to the α-Al₂O₃ micropowder for a fixed content of nano-sized alumina sol. With increasing MgO micropowder, which results in a greater in-situ stress, the total and closed porosity increased initially and decreased afterwards whereas the apparent porosity and bulk density decreased first and then increased. Microporous corundum aggregates with high closed porosity, low apparent porosity and small pore size were obtained with the addition of 1 wt% MgO micropowder. Therefore, the relationship between the superplasticity and the in-situ stress should be controlled in order to fabricate microporous refractory aggregates which have high closed porosity and small pore size.     

High-Strength Porous Alumina Ceramics by the Pulse Electric Current Sintering Technique

High-strength porous alumina has been fabricated with a microstructure control using the pulse electric current sintering (PECS) technique. During sintering the discharge, which is assumed to take place in the voids between the particles, is thought to promote the bridging of particles by neck growth in the initial stages of sintering, leaving high porosity. The effect of dopants (MgO, 200 ppm; TiO₂, 1000 ppm) and of secondary inclusions (3 vol% 3Y-TZP) on the constrained densification and the improvement in the mechanical behavior of porous alumina ceramics has been reported. The porosity of the fabricated porous alumina was controllable between 30% and 50% depending on the sintering temperature. The flexural strength of alumina having 30% and 42% porosity showed impressive values of 250 and 177 MPa, respectively. The dominance of the preferential neck growth of grains over densification significantly improved the mechanical properties of porous alumina, besides leaving high porosity.     

Mullite/Alumina Particulate Composites by Infiltration Processing

A method has been developed for incorporating mullite into alumina by infiltrating an alumina preform with a prehydrolyzed ethyl silicate solution, followed by heating to decompose the infiltrant, form mullite, and densify the mullite/alumina composite. It has been found that the major portion of the weight loss of gelled ethyl silicate sols occurs in the 250° to 350°C range. Mullite formed in infiltrated bodies at ∼1475°C and specimens containing 12 to 15 vol% mullite reached 98.5% of the theoretical density after heating for 2 h at 1650°C. The mullite was found to be well dispersed within the alumina matrix and its presence decreased grain growth in the alumina by more than an order of magnitude.     

Dispersion and Consolidation of Alumina Using a Bis-Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymer

A water-soluble diblock copolymer, poly[(methacrylic acid)- b -(ethylene oxide)], has been used to formulate alumina slurries that are dispersed over a wide range of pH through a combination of electrostatic and steric repulsion. The anionic poly(methacrylic acid) block, a short chain ( M _W∼700 g/mol), interacts with the amphoteric alumina surface at pH 3 and acts as an anchor block. The nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block ( M _W= 3000 g/mol) only appears to have a steric functionality. At high pH, the polymer coated surface has a net negative charge due to the excess negative sites associated with the highly dissociated methacrylic acid (MAA) units; this provides electrostatic repulsion at, for example, pH 9, which is the isoelectric point for pure alumina. The PEO chains extend from the surface and stabilize the alumina particles between pH 5 to 9 via an entropy-driven, steric repulsion. The PEO chains provide the dominating dispersive force at low pH, where very little electrostatic repulsion is possible because the positive surface charge of alumina has been neutralized by the negative sites of the adsorbed polyacid. On consolidation through pressure filtration at low pressures (2 to 5 MPa), the saturated, consolidated bodies formulated at pH 5 have a relative density of ∼0.56. These consolidated bodies initially exhibit a flow stress, but then fluidize after an extended strain (up to 0.5). The fluidization phenomenon is believed to be due to the unraveling of the PEO chains that appear to entangle between adjacent particles during consolidation. The unraveling was directly observed with an atomic force microscope between two BaTiO₃ surfaces coated with the same diblock copolymer used for the alumina powder.     

A Novel Processing Route to Develop a Dense Nanocrystalline Alumina Matrix (<100 nm) Nanocomposite Material

A dense 3-mol%-yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3Y-TZP) toughening alumina matrix nanocomposite with a nanocrystalline (<100 nm) matrix grain size has been successfully developed by a novel processing method. A combination of very rapid sintering at a heating rate of 500°C/min and at a sintering temperature as low as 1100°C for 3 min by the spark-plasma-sintering technique and mechanical milling of the starting γ-Al₂O₃ nanopowder via a high-energy ball-milling process can result in a fully dense nanocrystalline alumina matrix ceramic nanocomposite. The grain sizes for the matrix and the toughening phase were 96 and 265 nm, respectively. A great increase in toughness almost 3 times that for pure nanocrystalline alumina has been achieved in the dense nanocomposite. Ferroelastic domain switching without undergoing phase transformation in nanocrystalline t -ZrO₂ is likely as a mechanism for enhanced toughness.     

Catalytic activity of manganese oxide supported on alumina in the synthesis of quinoxalines

Two catalysts, alumina and manganese oxide supported on alumina, have been prepared by calcination and precipitation-impregnation methods, respectively. The catalysts are characterised by the following techniques: Brunner-Emmett-Teller-N₂ adsorption-desorption for surface area, temperature programmed desorption of NH₃ and n-butyl amine back titration methods for surface acidity, powder X-ray diffraction for textural properties, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the anionic radicals. The catalytic activity has been determined under heterogeneous conditions in the condensation reaction between o-phenylenediamine and benzil. The product purity is checked by thin-layer chromatography and melting point. The products are also analysed by LC-MS and ¹H-NMR techniques. The yields of the products have been found to be good and catalysts exhibited excellent recyclability. The effect of changing the reaction parameters such as temperature, reaction time, amount of the catalyst, nature of solvent and molar ratio of reactants on the yield of the product has been studied. The surface acidity of the catalysts plays an important role in activating the reaction.     

Preparation Method of Submicrometer-Sized α-Alumina by Surface Modification of γ-Alumina with Alumina Sol

A method is introduced to prepare almost-spherical submicrometer-sized α-alumina via surface modification of γ-alumina with an alumina sol. Milled γ-alumina, in the presence of 3 wt% of α-alumina with a median particle size ( d ₅₀) of 0.32 μm (AKP-30), produced irregularly shaped α-alumina with d ₅₀∼0.3 μm after heat treatment at 1100°C for 1 h. γ-alumina that had been surface-modified by milling in the presence of 3 wt% of the alumina sol resulted in almost-monosized, spherical α-alumina ∼0.3 μm in size after heat treatment at 1100°C for 1 h. Furthermore, almost-spherical α-alumina 0.1—0.2 μm in size was obtained by milling γ-alumina with 3 wt% of AKP-30 alumina in the presence of 3 wt% of the alumina sol, followed by heat treatment at 1100°C for 1 h. The alumina sol that has been introduced in this work seems to act as a dispersant, in addition to helping to form a spherical shape.