共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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以环氧氯丙烷( ECH)为原料合成聚环氧氯丙烷(PECH),再与三乙胺(TEA)发生季铵化反应,制备出聚环氧氯丙烷-三乙胺季铵盐(PECH-TEA).考察了反应物配比、溶剂、反应温度、反应时间对接枝的季铵基摩尔分数的影响,并用核磁共振氢谱对产物进行了结构表征.实验结果表明,合成聚环氧氯丙烷-三乙胺季铵盐的较佳工艺条件是:n(PECH):n(TEA) =1:3,丙酮作为反应溶剂,反应温度80℃,反应10 h,此合成条件下季铵基摩尔分数可达26.4%. 相似文献
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用对甲基氯苄和三甲胺合成季铵盐及利用Hofmann消除反应制备了[2,2] 对二甲苯环二体,讨论了溶剂、反应时间、反应温度等工艺条件对两步反应物产率、纯度的影响,确定了适宜的合成工艺条件,制备季铵盐的最佳条件为:n(对甲基氯苄)∶n(三甲胺)=1∶1 1,乙醇为溶剂,反应时间2h,反应温度45℃。制备对二甲苯环二体的最佳条件为:n(碱)∶n(季铵盐)=5∶1,硫酸铜为催化剂,通入氮气,反应温度110℃,反应时间为10~15h。所得产品中w(对二甲苯环二体)>99.5%。 相似文献
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通过酯化和季铵化反应,以N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、月桂酸、环氧氯丙烷和36%盐酸为原料,对甲苯磺酸作催化剂,正丙醇作溶剂,合成了含酯基双季铵盐表面活性剂。通过正交试验确定了产物合成的工艺条件,n(二甲基脂肪酸乙基叔胺):n(盐酸):n(环氧氯丙烷)=2.2:1:1,反应温度为95℃,溶剂用量为50%,反应时间11h。利用IR,~1H-NMR对产物进行了表征。测定产物表面性能的结果表明,产物具有很好的表面活性。 相似文献
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利用两步法合成了双季铵盐一羧甲基钠盐新型两性Gemini表面活性剂,表征了结构,探讨了表面活性,优化了合成工艺条件。研究结果表明:合成产物结构与设计目标相符,表面活性优于双季铵盐阳离子Gemini表面活性剂及传统两性表面活性剂;两步最佳合成条件分别为:n叔胺:n盐酸盐:“环氧氯丙烷为2.2:1.1:1.0,反应时间16h,溶剂采用正丙醇;n双季铵盐:n氯乙酸为1.0:1.5,反应温度50℃,反应时间3.5h,NaOH浓度为20%,产物收率96.8%。 相似文献
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以十二烷基二甲基叔胺和1,3-二氯丙烷为主要原料合成了一种Gemini季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂。通过红外光谱对其进行了定性分析,并测定了其熔点、临界胶束浓度(CMC)、发泡性、稳泡性以及防膨性能。结果表明,该Gemini季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性,熔点为190℃,CMC为9.68×10-4mol.L-1,发泡与稳泡性能良好,防膨率达85.3%。 相似文献
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以6-氨基喹啉,三光气,三乙胺为原料合成了对称的喹啉脲,通过其与三种溴代烷进行季铵化反应合成了喹啉双季铵盐,其结构经FT-IR,1H NMR,13CNMR和ESI-MS证实。对中间体喹啉脲及目标产物喹啉Gemini表面活性剂的合成条件进行了优化。合成中间体的反应条件为二氯甲烷做反应溶剂,n (6-氨基喹啉)∶n (三光气) = 5∶1,反应时间为6 h,收率可达88%。合成喹啉类Gemini表面活性剂的反应条件为DMF为反应溶剂,反应温度为110℃,n(中间体)∶n(溴代烷) = 1∶14,反应时间为8 h,收率可达74%。对目标产物喹啉Gemini表面活性剂在三氯甲烷-水体系中的界面张力进行了测定,结果表明:喹啉Gemini表面活性剂在三氯甲烷溶液内扩散到三氯甲烷-水界面是由纯扩散吸附控制的。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献
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塔设备改造选型的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后,着重介绍一种新型塔板(导向梯形浮阀塔板)和一种新型填料(波环填料——乾隆帕克)。 相似文献