冷冻水冷器冷却强化与节能斜齿扭带技术

现有的热流体动力塑料光滑扭带的自转力矩较弱，不能用于较低流速的冷冻水冷器污垢的自动清洗。作者为此研制了一种强化自动清洗力矩的斜齿扭带。其原理是在扭带表面上以一定间距捧列反对称斜齿，被导向的传热流体对扭带的不对称反作用力形成一个旋转力矩。与现有光滑无齿的自转扭带相比，弧线形斜齿扭带自转清洗力矩增大了75％-101％、传热系数提高了186％。虽然阻力系数较高，但是设备阻力仍然不太大。对于6米长传热管、4管程的设备、0．5m/s流速时的设备阻力在36000pa左右，具有广阔的应用前景。因此，这种新技术很适合在0.5m/s以上的较低流速冷冻水冷器中用来自动清洗保洁和传热强化节能。     

动力轮强化塑包钢丝螺旋线自动清洗与传热强化技术

 为了解决自动清洗钢丝螺旋线的流体动力自转力矩弱和磨损问题以及塑料扭带的不耐高温问题,提出以塑料包覆的大截面钢丝螺旋线来解决耐热、耐磨问题,并且以旋流管口轴承-动力轮来强化螺旋线自转动力矩的技术方案。试验研究表明,这种塑包钢丝螺旋线能够在较低流速下自动清洗,适用面较广,并且管内污垢的自动清洗能力强,对流传热强化的幅度达到52.6%,比钢丝螺旋线高60％;设备阻力不大,结构简单,成本低廉,具有优势。     

制冷系统低流速冷凝器的斜齿扭带自动清洗技术

制冷系统的大多数水冷式冷凝器的流速低,普遍存在不同程度的污垢问题.光滑扭带的自动清洗力矩太弱,不能应用.为此研究能够显著强化自动清洗力矩的一种斜齿扭带.与光滑扭带相比,斜齿型扭带自转清洗力矩增大了260%,传热系数提高了35%,并且设备阻力不大,值得推广应用.     

管内清洗防垢螺旋齿管的流体动力优化设计

为了给螺旋齿管的结构优化提供设计理论,运用动量矩原理和自转牵连运动的运动学分析方法等,研究建立了传热管内流体动力螺旋齿管的自转清洗动力矩计算式,以此指导设计了不同结构参数的螺旋齿管进行试验比较。优化得到的D型塑料螺旋齿管与光滑纽带相比,自转动力矩增大141％,可以在0.4 m/s以上的较低流速下应用;传热系数平均提高50％;阻力在一般工程容许范围。     

螺旋扭曲椭圆扁管的数值模拟

根据生产实际的要求,在相同的横截面积和相同的物性条件下,对于横截面积与当量直径的比值在4~20间的9种不同扭距的螺旋扭曲椭圆扁管进行了数值模拟计算,得到了该扁管的几何扭曲比在4~20的范围内具有最佳传热效果的几何特征;通过速度场、压强差ΔP、努塞尔准数Nu以及综合性能评价因子η的变化,说明螺旋扭曲椭圆扁管在一定程度上提高了管内流体与管壁之间的传热。     

基于复模态的空间锥螺旋管管内流固耦合振动特性的有限元分析*

空间锥螺旋管束作为一种新型流体诱导弹性传热元件,由于其锥型螺旋结构,管内流动产生的非比例阻尼对其固有振动特性影响明显.基于此,采用有限元法研究螺旋管束管内流固耦合振动特性,通过螺旋升角变换、螺旋单元坐标变换以及对连接体的简化处理,建立了管束振动状态方程,依据复模态理论分析了科氏力所致阻尼对空间锥螺旋管的频率的影响.结果表明:管内流动对锥螺旋管束基频影响很大;由于科氏力所致阻尼阵的存在,螺旋管束在管内流固耦合作用下呈现复模态;随着螺旋节距及流速的变化,管束的基频及阻尼比发生变化.     

管内Cu-水微米颗粒流湍流强化传热研究

传统光管在高雷诺数下的传热效果不理想,因此提出在水介质中添加微米Cu颗粒作为工作介质来强化管内换热的方法。建立了Cu-水微米流的多相流传热物理模型,采用基于颗粒动力学的欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,对粒径分别为10μm、50μm、100μm和500μm,流速分别为1 m/s、1.5 m/s、2 m/s和2.5 m/s,颗粒体积分数分别为5%、10%、15%和20%进行了传热Nu和阻力损失f数值计算,结果表明:Cu-水微米流的努塞尔数Nu随雷诺数Re和颗粒体积分数的增大而增大,而随粒径的增大而总体趋势减小;摩擦因子f随颗粒体积分数的增大而增大,而随雷诺数Re增大而增小;传热综合性能评价因子η随颗粒体积分数的增大而增大,随着粒径的增大而总体趋势减小。粒径10μm的传热综合性能在研究的粒径范围内最佳,η达到1.1~2.3。     

有螺旋槽内管的环这内流体流动机理的试验研究

研究了螺旋槽增强内管环形管内液体的层流、过渡流、紊流三种流态下的流动情况，研究了三种不同类型的螺旋增强管：槽管、齿管和肋管。通过可视化试验研究了流型和流态间的过渡，分别测量了螺旋槽管表面的峰谷上的分布，以便研究可能的周向、轴向和螺旋方向的变化．试验发现螺纹槽涔管在液体流动中引起很大的涡流。螺旋肋管和螺旋锯齿管顺次产生较小的涡流。试验结果用于提出流动机理。主要结论是：流体不仅仅在增强管壁附近的峰槽区     

三维双侧不锈钢强化管内R410a冷凝工程模型研究

为评估不同三维双侧不锈钢强化管冷凝传热特性,采用实验方法对R410a在强化管内的冷凝传热进行了测试,并将结果与光滑管进行了比较。所采用的管型包括EHT-HB/D、EHT-HB、EHT-HB/HY、EHT-HX。R410a冷凝的饱和温度为318.15 K,质量流速为40—240 kg/(m²·s),入口干度为0.8,出口干度为0.2。研究结果表明,对光滑管内冷凝传热系数,Cavallini模型预测精度最高,偏差在9%之内。EHT-HB/D具有最佳的冷凝综合传热-阻力特性,PF可达到1.38—1.67,这与增加流体扰动、增强湍流强度、提高排液效果相关;EHT-HX综合性能最差,PF仅有0.99—1.14,甚至逊于光滑管。EHT-HB翅片结构可以使液体更容易从翅片顶部流到槽内,增加流体的扰动。而EHT-HB/HY的翅片结构,使得液体在疏水纹处不易排除,增加了局部传热热阻。随着质量流速的增加,PF均呈现先下降后缓慢增加并趋于平缓。修正后的Huang模型,预测所有管型的冷凝传热系数偏差在±30%之内。     

带螺旋折流板的中空换热器振动和传热特性分析

为改进换热器内螺旋传热元件的振动均匀性及提高换热器的综合传热性能，提出一种带有螺旋折流板(hollow helical baffle, HHB)的中空换热器，采用双向流固耦合计算方法，研究了入口流速及折流板安装位置对换热器振动及传热特性的影响。结果表明：带螺旋折流板的中空换热器可有效均衡振动特性，提高传热特性；增加入口流速，传热元件振动幅值和换热系数增大；折流板安装在换热器上部时，平均振动幅值最大，平均传热系数最小，传热均匀性最好；带螺旋折流板中空换热器的PEC(performance evaluation criteria)值大于1,实现了强化传热的效果，折流板安装在换热器的下部、上部、左部和右部时换热器的PEC值比传统螺旋弹性管束换热器的PEC值分别提高了2.04%,7.87%,1.32%和0.03%,折流板安装在上部时PEC值最大，综合传热性能最好。     

管内扭带插入件强化沸腾换热技术的研究现状及展望

制冷设备对换热器紧凑化和小型化的需求促使人们开发新型的强化传热技术,而管内扭带插入件是一种廉价且易于制造的被动强化传热技术,在制冷系统蒸发器中具备良好的应用潜力。扭带插入两相沸腾换热的管中能够增大表面传热系数,但同时也增大了管内压降。分析发现,通常情况下,质量流量、干度的变化与表面传热系数和压降的变化呈正相关,而管径、扭率、饱和温度的变化与表面传热系数和压降的变化呈负相关。沸腾换热过程复杂、评价指标选取不一、实验工况数量有限等因素是导致各学者总结的扭带插入的最佳条件不一致的主要原因。本文收集了各作者预测的内插扭带管内沸腾换热的表面传热系数和压降的关联式,认为管内扭带插入件还需要进一步明确最佳使用条件,并需要结合蒸发器整机或变频压缩机加以研究。     

Refrigerant boiling at low heat flux in vertical tubes with heat transfer enhancing fittings

The paper presents the results of thermal and flow analyses of the boiling process in vertical tubes with heat transfer enhancing inserts. Tests were performed for three different geometrical shapes of the inserts: a spiral tape with a core rod, a rib insert and a spring insert. Experimental measurements were performed for R507, R410A and R407C refrigerants at low heat flux. The obtained results indicate the increase ratio of heat transfer and flow resistance coefficients in tubes with inserts, as opposed to a plain one. Finally, the paper presents the dimensionless relationships which enable the calculation of heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops during boiling in vertical tubes with the studied heat transfer enhancing inserts.     

A new model for flow boiling heat transfer coefficient inside horizontal tubes with twisted-tape inserts

This paper presents a new method to predict the heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling inside horizontal tubes containing twisted tape inserts. The method was developed based on the database presented by Kanizawa et al. This database comprises flow boiling results for horizontal tubes with internal diameters of 12.7 and 15.9 mm, twisted-tape ratios of 3, 4, 9 and 14, mass velocities ranging from 75 to 200 kg m⁻² s⁻¹, heat fluxes of 5 and 10 kW m⁻² and saturation temperatures of 5 and 15 °C. The method is flow-pattern based and considers flow boiling, dryout and mist flow regions. The predictive method also takes into account the physical picture of the swirl flow phenomenon by considering swirl flow effects promoted by the twisted tape insert. The proposed method provides satisfactory predictions and captures the main heat transfer trends of the data of Kanizawa et al. and also of independent data from literature.     

Effect of twisted tape insert on heat transfer and pressure drop in horizontal evaporators for the flow of R-134a

An experimental study has been carried out on the heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop characteristics in presence of twisted tape inserts, during flow boiling of R-134a, inside a horizontal evaporator. The test-evaporator was an electrically heated 1260 mm long copper tube with 7.5 mm inside diameter. The experiments were performed for plain flow and four tubes with twisted tapes of 6, 9, 12 and 15 twist ratios and four refrigerant mass velocities of 54, 85, 114 and 136 kg/s m² for each tape. It has been found that the twisted tape inserts enhance the heat transfer coefficient on relatively higher pressure drop penalty, in comparison to that for the plain flow.     

Experimental study on heat transfer enhancement of nanofluid flow through helical tubes

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids flowing through helically coiled tubes under uniform heat flux condition are studied experimentally. The turbulent flow of two different kinds of nanofluids, i.e. Ag-water and SiO₂-water, are examined. Three different helically coiled tubes along with straight ones are constructed to investigate the effects of geometrical parameters such as pitch circle diameter and helical pitch as well as nanoparticle volume concentration. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluids are determined experimentally in different volume fractions and temperatures. The range of Reynolds number is from 8900 to 11970. The experimental outcomes show that using nanoparticles in coiled tubes can be more effective in improving the heat transfer rate than the straight tube. Empirical correlations are extracted based on experimental data to predict the Nusselt number and friction factor of turbulent nanofluids flow through helically coiled tubes.     

Evaluation of turbulent forced convection of non-Newtonian aqueous solution of CMC/CuO nanofluid in a tube with twisted tape inserts

The present paper investigates the turbulent flow and heat transfer of non-Newtonian aqueous solution of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and CuO nanoparticles in a plain tube and also tube with twisted tape inserts. The aqueous solution of CMC and CuO/CMC nanofluid show a shear-thinning (pseudo-plastic) rheological behavior, resulting in a higher viscosity than that of water. The consistency index and the power law index are evaluated based on available experimental data. The single phase approach with temperature dependent thermo-physical properties is applied to simulate the nanofluid flow and heat transfer. Simulation results are presented at different nanoparticle concentrations and twisted tape ratios. Only an axial flow is identified in the plain tube whereas both axial and swirl flows are detected in the tube with twisted tape inserts. The turbulence kinetic energy in the tube with twisted tapes is significantly higher than that in the plain one, which is useful for non-Newtonian fluid with higher viscosity. Also, the temperature fields in the tube with twisted tapes are disturbed relative to those in the plain one, due to stronger turbulence intensity and better fluid mixing. Higher amounts of nanoparticles concentration and lower twist ratios, giving maximum values of total efficiency, display the advantage of using non-Newtonian nanofluid in the tube with twisted tape inserts rather than non-Newtonian base fluid in the plain one.     

异型管管翅式换热器性能研究

管翅式换热器的翅片优化为研究热点,而对管型的研究较少.本文提出一种与圆管相同水力半径的异型管的设计方法,建立了异型管管翅式换热器空气侧换热的数值计算模型,研究了管型、迎风方向和翅片间距对异型管管翅式换热器性能的影响.结果表明:对于双排的异型管换热器,第一排管大圆迎风,第二排管小圆迎风时,空气流动最均匀,压降最低,是综合...     

Effects of tangential and radial velocity on fluid flow and heat transfer for flow through a pipe with twisted tape insert—laminar flow

The present study reports the numerical analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in a pipe with full length twisted tape insert. The investigation is carried out for five different twist ratios of 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10 at 100 ≤ Re ≤ 1000. The velocity field in terms of streamwise, tangential and radial velocity and temperature field are studied as a function of Reynolds number and twist ratio. The variation of friction factor and Nusselt number with Reynolds number for different twist ratios is also presented. The heat transfer enhancement due to insertion of twisted tape mainly comes from the tangential and radial components of velocities, which are regarded as secondary fluid motion. It is evident from the results that with increase in Reynolds number the axial convection increases. However, with the decrease in the twist ratio, the tangential and radial convection increases, leading to increased heat transfer. The secondary flow affects the thermal boundary layer inside the tube and increases the cross-flow mixing, which increases the heat transfer. The correlations for prediction of friction factor and Nusselt number based on the numerical data are also proposed.