静电纺丝复合纳米纤维研究进展

静电纺丝是一种利用聚合物溶液或熔体在强电场中进行喷射纺丝的加工技术,是获得纳米尺寸纤维的有效方法之一。然而单一组分的纳米纤维已经难以满足应用的需求,而采用两种或两种以上的聚合物(或聚合物/填料颗粒)进行静电纺丝得到的复合纳米纤维逐渐受到了人们的关注。文中总结了由静电纺丝技术制备的复合纳米纤维及其性能等方面的研究进展。主要包括复合物/碳复合纳米纤维、聚合物/金属复合纳米纤维、聚合物/粘土复合纳米纤维、共混物复合纳米纤维、装饰型复合纳米纤维等。     

静电纺丝制备螺旋结构微纳米纤维的最新进展

综述了6种制备单根扭曲螺旋结构微纳米纤维和4种制备多根螺旋缠绕结构纤维(微纳米绳索)的静电纺丝方法,发现当前多根螺旋缠绕纤维大都以附加机械力或电场力扭曲成型,单根螺旋纤维则以改变纤维内部力学分布达到扭曲成型目的.此外,分析了研究现状和发展前景.     

静电纺丝纳米纤维的应用进展

近年来静电纺丝技术在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛应用,被认为是制备纳米纤维最简单有效的方法之一。通过静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维具有长径比大、孔隙率高、比表面积大等优点,在过滤材料、生物医学、传感器以及其他特殊领域都有着良好的应用前景。主要介绍了近几年来国内外静电纺丝纤维在过滤吸附膜、生物医学、传感器、防护应用及其他一些特殊领域中的研究现状,并展望了静电纺丝纳米纤维的发展趋势和研究方向。     

电纺丝制备纳米纤维的研究进展

文中扼要回顾近年来电纺丝技术研究进展,包括:电纺丝工作原理和部分关键设备;控制尺寸、结构、取向及复合材料制备等;探讨连续化生产和组装纳米纤维;典型应用领域及电纺丝技术展望。     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维及其工业化研究进展

针对静电纺丝技术从实验室走向工业化还存在产率低的问题,重点分析了为提高生产效率而采用的多针头纺丝和无针头纺丝等批量化生产方法,简述了静电纺丝的基本原理和实施方法,介绍了静电纺丝制备聚合物纤维、无机物纤维、同轴及中空纤维的情况和特点。随着对静电纺丝方法、设备、工艺和材料研究的深入,通过对高压静电场分布的控制采用多喷头组合方式和无针滚筒方式将成为产业化制备纳米纤维的有效手段。通过控制高压电场分布利用提高效率后的单孔纺丝方法制备出了长、宽、厚分别为1000mm、350mm、1.28mm的芳纶1313纳米纤维布。最后对静电纺丝工业化规模制备纳米纤维材料进行了展望。     

基于静电纺丝碳纳米纤维的超级电容器电极材料研究进展

超级电容器具有比电池更高的功率密度、更快的充电/放电速率、更好的安全性和更长的循环寿命等优异特性得到了广泛关注.决定超级电容器性能的核心因素之一是其电极材料性能.静电纺丝技术是一种简单有效制备纳米纤维的方法,所制备的纳米纤维具有大的比表面积、良好的导电性和优异的柔韧性.因此,静电纺丝纳米纤维被广泛应用于超级电容器的电极...     

气流-静电纺丝法制备尼龙6纳米纤维

本文采用自行研制的气流-静电纺丝设备制备了尼龙6纳米纤维,其设备的改进主要在于在原有的立式静电纺丝机的喷丝头上增加了气流喷射系统。经过实验确定了最佳纺丝工艺参数:纺丝液质量浓度为13%,纺丝电压为16kV,纺丝距离为10cm,气流流量为8L/min。对比气流-静电纺丝与普通静电纺丝发现,采用气流-静电纺丝不仅能制备较细、均匀的纳米纤维,而且产量更高。     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维及其装置的研究进展

静电纺丝技术是一种简单有效的制备纳米纤维的新方法.评述了静电纺丝制备不同类型纳米纤维的研究动态,并着重概述了其装置设计和改进的研究进展.相关研究表明,调整接收装置和液体传送装置,以及采用多喷头组合的方式有望成为电纺丝可控制备纳米纤维及其产业化的有效手段.     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的最新进展

简述了静电纺丝的基本原理。主要综述了静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维的装置,包括溶液制备法和熔体制备法。目前相关综述文献对溶液静电纺丝制备及其装置介绍较多,但涉及熔体电纺装置的文献很少。笔者在溶液发展史的基础上概述了熔体电纺的相关技术及其装置的最新进展。     

非接触式摩擦纳米发电机的最新研究进展

目的 随着科学技术的快速发展,人们对可持续能源的需求不断增加。摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)利用各类微弱机械能实现自供电,有利于缓解这一需求。非接触式摩擦纳米发电机(NC?TENG)可以提高稳定性和使用寿命。总结NC?TENG的最新研究进展,为NC?TENG的结构设计、性能优化提供有益参考。方法 根据NC?TENG的器件结构与输出性能优化方法,介绍不同NC?TENG及其性能,重点综述其在智能包装领域的应用,并对未来的性能优化和应用工作进行展望。结果 基于不同的组装结构,通过介电常数调制、添加电荷捕获中间层等性能优化方案可以有效地避免静电放电问题,提高NC?TENG的电荷保留率。结论 NC?TENG相较于TENG,有着更高的稳定性和更长的使用寿命,在应对能源危机和推动新兴电子产品方面显示出巨大的潜力,预计在智能包装领域有着广泛的应用前景。     

Triboelectric Series of 2D Layered Materials

Recently, as applications based on triboelectricity have expanded, understanding the triboelectric charging behavior of various materials has become essential. This study investigates the triboelectric charging behaviors of various 2D layered materials, including MoS₂, MoSe₂, WS₂, WSe₂, graphene, and graphene oxide in a triboelectric series using the concept of a triboelectric nanogenerator, and confirms the position of 2D materials in the triboelectric series. It is also demonstrated that the results are obviously related to the effective work functions. The charging polarity indicates the similar behavior regardless of the synthetic method and film thickness ranging from a few hundred nanometers (for chemically exfoliated and restacked films) to a few nanometers (for chemical vapor deposited films). Further, the triboelectric charging characteristics could be successfully modified via chemical doping. This study provides new insights to utilize 2D materials in triboelectric devices, allowing thin and flexible device fabrication.     

静电纺介孔氧化硅基纳米纤维的研究进展

介孔氧化硅是最为典型的介孔材料,其具有比表面积高、孔径均一、易于表面修饰等优异特性,广泛应用于吸附分离、催化、传感以及物质负载与缓释等领域。关于粉体和薄膜形态的介孔氧化硅已有大量报道,但纤维形态,特别是连续纤维形态的介孔氧化硅材料的制备仍然是一项挑战。近年来随着静电纺技术的发展,连续纤维形貌的介孔氧化硅材料的制备取得了重要进展。根据纤维介孔结构的有序度和介孔结构引入方式的不同,对静电纺介孔氧化硅基纳米纤维进行详细的介绍。     

Electrospun Nanoparticle–Nanofiber Composites via a One‐Step Synthesis

A facile approach to synthesize and incorporate metal nanoparticles (NPs) into electrospun polymer nanofibers (NFs) wherein the electrospinning polymer acts as both a reducing agent for the metal salt precursor, as well as a protecting and templating agent for the ensuing NPs, is reported. Such a true one‐step process at ambient conditions and free of organic solvents is demonstrated using a system comprising AgNO₃ and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) at electrospinnable molecular weights of 600, 1000, or 2000 kDa. The PEO transforms Ag⁺ into AgNPs, a phenomenon that has not been previously possible at PEO molecular weights less than 20 kDa without the addition of a separate reducing agent and stabilizer or the application of heat. Results from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–Vis absorption spectrophotometry analyses support the formation of pseudo‐crown ethers in high molecular weight PEO as the mechanism in the development of NPs. The AgNPs reduce fiber diameter and enhance fiber quality (reduced beading) due to increased electrical conductivity. Interestingly, several of the NFs exhibit AgNP‐localized nanochain formation and protrusion from the NF surface that can be attributed to the combined effect of applied electrical field on the polymer and the differences between the electrical conductivity and polarizability of the polymer and metal NPs.     

层层叠加制备三维静电纺纳米纤维结构

以通孔金属片为静电纺丝的负极制备了通孔阵列纳米纤维薄膜,将多层纳米纤维薄膜在溶剂中叠加构建了三维纳米纤维结构。扫描电子显微镜结果表明,对于聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚己内酯3种不同的高分子材料,均可形成带有规则有序通孔结构的纳米纤维薄膜,孔的大小可以通过模板的选择进行调节。在水中将聚苯乙烯纤维薄膜层层叠加形成了三维纳米纤维结构。在叠加四层聚苯乙烯纤维薄膜的三维结构上培养NIH3T3细胞,细胞可以在三维空间内生长,三维纤维结构表现出良好的生物相容性。     

Recent Advances in Mechanical Vibration Energy Harvesters Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators

With the development of autonomous/smart technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT), tremendous wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) are of great importance to realize intelligent mechanical engineering, which is significant in the industrial and social fields. However, current power supply methods, cable and battery for instance, face challenges such as layout difficulties, high cost, short life, and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, vibration is ubiquitous in machinery, vehicles, structures, etc., but has been regarded as an unwanted by-product and wasted in most cases. Therefore, it is crucial to harvest mechanical vibration energy to achieve in situ power supply for these WSNs. As a recent energy conversion technology, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is particularly good at harvesting such broadband, weak, and irregular mechanical energy, which provides a feasible scheme for the power supply of WSNs. In this review, recent achievements of mechanical vibration energy harvesting (VEH) related to mechanical engineering based on TENG are systematically reviewed from the perspective of contact–separation (C-S) and freestanding modes. Finally, existing challenges and forthcoming development orientation of the VEH based on TENG are discussed in depth, which will be conducive to the future development of intelligent mechanical engineering in the era of IoT.