DHA藻油脂质体制备及性质的研究

以大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇、吐温-80、DHA藻油为原料,探讨了薄膜超声法制备DHA藻油脂质体的工艺条件;分析了原料配比、温度、pH、超声时间、超声功率等因素对藻油脂质体包封率、粒径、电位的影响,对其氧化稳定性进行了初探,并研究其体外模拟消化行为。结果表明,藻油脂质体的最佳制备条件为:大豆卵磷脂与胆固醇比为3∶1(g/g)、大豆卵磷脂与藻油比为5∶1(g/g)、水化温度为40℃、pH为7.4、超声时间为120 s、超声功率350 W,在此条件下,所制备的脂质体呈椭圆球形,包封率为(91.55±0.4)%,粒径为(224.5±0.21)nm,PDI为0.224±0.003,电位(-32.4±0.03) mV;体外模拟小肠消化性能良好;室温放置一周后脂质体氧化稳定性良好。     

共包埋姜黄素和还原型谷胱甘肽的纳米脂质体的制备、修饰与表征

以大豆卵磷脂为壁材,制备共包埋姜黄素（curcumin,CUR）和还原型谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）的纳米脂质体,通过静电自组装将壳聚糖和海藻酸钠修饰到纳米脂质体表面,采用激光粒度仪、透射电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等设备对脂质体的包埋率、体外释放、微观形貌、稳定性等进行表征,测定纳米脂质体同时递送CUR和GSH的能力。结果表明,CUR的包埋率为100%,与GSH共包埋及多糖修饰均没有影响CUR的包埋率;而与CUR共包埋时,GSH的包埋率从7.90%增加到27.03%,经多糖修饰后,进一步增加到41.22%。共包埋纳米脂质体对CUR的释放没有显著影响,但使GSH的释放率由51.2%减小至23.6%;经多糖修饰后,单包埋和共包埋纳米脂质体对CUR和/或GSH的缓释作用都增强。另外,共包埋使脂质体的平均粒径从（95.02±1.93）nm增加到（132.47±18.14）nm,Zeta电位从（-22.47±1.96）mV增加到（-14.70±0.46）mV;经壳聚糖和海藻酸钠双层修饰后,共包埋脂质体的平均粒径进一步增加到（161.97±5.58）nm,而Zeta电位减小到（-40...     

莲房原花青素低聚体纳米脂质体的制备及其稳定性、抗氧化性分析

采用逆向蒸发法和超声处理相结合成功地制备莲房原花青素低聚体（lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins,LSOPC）纳米脂质体,优化制备工艺并考察其稳定性和抗氧化活性。结果表明,LSOPC纳米脂质体的最佳制备工艺参数为大豆卵磷脂-胆固醇质量比3∶1、LSOPC添加量0.33?mg/mL、吐温80添加量16.7?mg/mL。在此条件下,LSOPC纳米脂质体的平均粒径为（35.57±0.08）nm,多分散指数为0.153±0.01。当LSOPC载量为1%时,脂质体为最高包埋率（71.97±0.42）%。LSOPC纳米脂质体在透射电子显微镜观察下为球状的囊泡结构,在低温时比较稳定。低浓度的葡萄糖、蔗糖及防腐剂对LSOPC纳米脂质体的粒径无显著性影响,而金属离子Fe3＋、Cu2＋、Zn2＋、Pb2＋显著影响其粒径。在4?℃贮藏7?d后,与脂质体相比,LSOPC溶液清除2,2’-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐自由基和铁还原能力显著下降。总抗氧化能力测定结果说明,LSOPC纳米脂质体的总抗氧化能力优于LSOPC溶液。     

Vc纳米脂质体悬浮液及其前体脂质体的制备与稳定性研究

通过单因素与正交实验优化了乙醇注入-高压均质法制备Vc纳米脂质体悬浮液的工艺,并制备了Vc前体脂质体.得到Vc纳米脂质体悬浮液的最佳制备工艺为:Vc添加量160mg,胆固醇与卵磷脂的质量比1∶5,Tween80与卵磷脂的质量比4∶5,水合温度55℃;按此最佳工艺制备的Vc纳米脂质体悬浮液平均包封率、平均粒径、多分散指数分别为78.11％、89.62nm、0.160;经冷冻干燥后得到的Vc前体脂质体的平均粒径、多分散指数分别为121.14nm、0.195.贮存稳定性实验结果表明,Vc纳米脂质体悬浮液与Vc前体脂质体的稳定性都受贮存温度与贮存时间的影响;但后者贮存稳定性高于前者.     

番茄红素纳米脂质体的制备研究

采用薄膜-超声法制备番茄红素纳米脂质体,并以纳米脂质体包封率为主要评价指标,采用正交设计法优化番茄红素纳米脂质体的配方。结果表明:番茄红素纳米脂质体的最佳配方比为:番茄红素:胆固醇:卵磷脂=2:15:100;最佳水合介质是pH7.0的PBS缓冲溶液;最适洗膜温度34℃。按该工艺组合制备3批番茄红素纳米脂质体,包封率的平均值为49.88%±0.19%,载药量为0.86%±0.1%,平均粒径小于40nm。按优化工艺可制得包封率稳定、粒径较小、分布均匀的微球体番茄红素纳米脂质体。     

蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊贮藏稳定性研究

目的:研究复合壁材组分配比对蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊贮藏稳定性的影响,以确定壁材组分的最佳配比。方法:以蛋黄卵磷脂为芯材,麦芽糊精和阿拉伯胶(质量比1∶3,1∶1,3∶1)为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊。研究不同配比壁材条件下制备的蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊的理化性质及微观形态的差异。通过加速氧化试验,分析蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊的包埋率、色差(L~*,a~*,b~*)及硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS值)的变化情况。结果:蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊的溶解度、流动性和表面形态均良好,壁材中麦芽糊精和阿拉伯胶的质量比为1∶3和3∶1时,包埋率较高,分别为66.40%和66.52%。随着壁材中麦芽糊精比例的增加,微胶囊的包埋率、色泽更加稳定,且蛋黄卵磷脂的氧化程度降低。结论:复合壁材中麦芽糊精和阿拉伯胶的质量比为3∶1时,蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊的贮藏稳定性较好。     

Box-Behnken响应面设计法优化DHA藻油微胶囊粉配方

以50%DHA藻油为芯材,变性淀粉和白砂糖为主壁材,利用单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面设计试验研究变性淀粉、白砂糖、阿拉伯胶和芯材DHA藻油对DHA藻油微胶囊粉表面油含量的影响,优化DHA藻油微胶囊粉配方。得到的最佳DHA藻油微胶囊粉配方为:变性淀粉30.97%,白砂糖10.74%,阿拉伯胶4.47%,芯材DHA藻油36.15%,其他组分为酪蛋白1.76%,单甘酯2.14%,麦芽糊精13.77%。在最佳条件下得到的DHA藻油微胶囊粉表面油含量为0.59%,低于行业标准(SC/T 3505—2006)规定的1.0%。     

Vc纳米脂质体的制备研究

以大豆卵磷脂和胆固醇为膜材,采用薄膜蒸发-动态高压法制备Vc纳米脂质体.通过单因素考察处方工艺对包封率的影响以及正交设计法进行处方工艺优化.结果表明,制备Vc纳米脂质体的最优条件:制备温度60℃,Vc浓度5mg/mL,Vc和总脂材质量比为1∶10,大豆卵磷脂和胆固醇质量比为4∶1,表面活性剂和总脂材质量比为4∶10,动态高压处理压力为140MPa,处理2次.该条件下包封率可达(47.16±6.28)％,平均粒度为(73.9±4.4)nm.     

叶酸-壳聚糖修饰姜黄素纳米脂质体的制备及其性质

采用叶酸-壳聚糖复合物修饰纳米脂质体,用于包埋姜黄素,得到叶酸-壳聚糖修饰的姜黄素纳米脂质体。经叶酸-壳聚糖复合物修饰后,脂质体的粒径和电位分别由（67.4±2.3）nm和（－13.81±2.75）mV变为（103.6±4.1）nm和（16.35±3.54）mV;与姜黄素纳米脂质体相比,复合物修饰的姜黄素纳米脂质体在25?℃具有更好的贮存稳定性,两者均具有良好的缓释性能,且复合物修饰后的脂质体在弱酸性环境中释放速率较弱碱性更快。此外,修饰前后的空白脂质体均未检测出细胞毒性,且由于叶酸-壳聚糖复合物修饰能增加姜黄素脂质体的细胞摄取量,修饰后的姜黄素脂质体的细胞毒性大于未经复合物修饰的姜黄素脂质体。     

响应面法优化樟树籽油脂质体的制备工艺

采用薄膜分散法结合动态高压微射流技术制备樟树籽油纳米脂质体,以包封率及粒径为主要指标,考察各因素对樟树籽油脂质体制备的影响,建立以癸酸、月桂酸为指标的包封率测定方法,薄膜分散-动态高压微射流技术制备樟树籽油脂质体最佳工艺为大豆卵磷脂质量浓度3g/100mL、大豆卵磷脂与樟树籽油质量比3:1、大豆卵磷脂与胆固醇质量比6.7:1、磷酸缓冲溶液pH7.0、吐温80加入量占卵磷脂质量的24.2%、微射流120MPa处理两次,此条件下包封率可达(91.8±3.7)%,平均粒径达(107.1±8.6)nm。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the