不同品种浓香亚麻籽油的呈香特征解析

目的 选取全国不同产区的28个主栽品种为对象制备浓香亚麻籽油,并对其风味特征进行分类。方法 运用评估适合项目法(rate-all-that-apply method, RATA)建立亚麻籽油感官描述词并进行感官评价,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析浓香亚麻籽油挥发性风味物质,使用正交偏最小二乘法(orthogonal projections to latent structures, OPLS)将关键挥发性风味物质与感官评价结果进行关联。结果 浓香亚麻籽油主要呈现出焦糊味、油脂味、烤香味、海鲜味和香油味,从28种浓香亚麻籽油中共检测出86种挥发性物质,其中48种物质具有香气贡献,关键挥发性风味物质有29种[气味活性值(odor activity value,OAV)>1],不同的香气属性与不同的关键挥发性风味物质具有一定的关联性。结论 基于风味导向可以将28种浓香亚麻籽油大致分为3类,第1类(晋...     

不同炒籽工艺对低芥酸浓香菜籽油风味的影响北大核心CSCD

为了研究不同炒籽工艺对低芥酸浓香菜籽油风味的影响,以低芥酸油菜籽为原料,研究入炒水分、炒籽温度、炒籽时间对低芥酸浓香菜籽油风味物质含量及感官品质的影响。结果表明:从低芥酸浓香菜籽油中共鉴定出65种挥发性风味物质;随炒籽温度上升、炒籽时间延长,低芥酸浓香菜籽油中呈现烤香味的杂环类物质总含量逐渐增加;随炒籽温度上升和入炒水分的增加,呈现刺激味的硫苷降解产物(含硫类化合物、腈类化合物)总含量逐渐增加;在感官上,低芥酸浓香菜籽油主要体现为烤香味、焦糊味,还能感知到腌菜味和刺激味;随炒籽温度升高,低芥酸浓香菜籽油中烤香味感官属性得分先上升后降低,150℃时得分最高,而焦糊味、腌菜味等感官属性得分逐渐升高;随炒籽时间延长,烤香味感官属性得分逐渐降低,焦糊味感官属性得分逐渐升高;随入炒水分增加,烤香味、焦糊味感官属性得分在一定范围内稳定波动。炒籽过程中一定的炒籽温度及增加水分能够明显提升消费者喜好度。     

浓香花生油和精炼花生油挥发性成分及感官风味差异的研究

利用溶剂辅助蒸发和气相色谱-质谱联用(SAFE-GC-MS)方法对浓香花生油和精炼花生油中挥发性成分进行检测和对比分析,并结合感官评价明确两种花生油中挥发性成分及感官风味的差异。结果显示,浓香花生油和精炼花生油中分别检出11类129种和7类51种挥发性成分,浓香花生油中挥发性成分含量(23977.43μg/kg)是精炼花生油中含量(1637.04μg/kg)的14.6倍。浓香花生油中杂环类物质含量占挥发性成分总量的49.45%,其中呋喃类、吡嗪类、吡咯类化合物含量分别占挥发性成分总量的28.00%、17.62%、2.06%,但在精炼花生油中杂环类物质未检出,然而这些物质中的7种吡嗪类、1种呋喃类、1种吡咯类成分均为浓香花生油的关键特征挥发性风味成分,为浓香花生油提供坚果味、烤香味、焦糖味、甜香味。除此之外,浓香花生油中醛类物质含量是精炼花生油中含量41.6倍,酚类物质含量是精炼花生油中含量的8.36倍,醛类中有4种成分是花生油的特征挥发性风味成分,为花生油贡献脂香味,但这4种成分在精炼花生油的含量不足浓香花生油的10%,而精炼花生油中酚类含量低不仅影响其风味,还会对其氧化稳定性产生影响。此外,醇类、酸类在精炼花生油中均未检出。对两种花生油的感官风味评价显示,浓香花生油在炒籽味、坚果味、油脂味及总体风味方面的得分均明显高于精炼花生油,精炼花生油依其风味可归属为清淡香型花生油。两种花生油中挥发性成分的明显差异可为浓香花生油和精炼花生油的鉴别提供支持。     

熬制条件对牛油基火锅油品质的影响

旨在为复合风味牛油基火锅油产品的开发提供依据，以牛油和巴沙硬脂为原料，在不同温度（80、100、120 ℃）下熬制不同时间（20、40、60 min）制备牛油基火锅油，采用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析不同熬制条件下牛油基火锅油的挥发性风味物质组成与含量，以及其理化性质和感官品质，考察熬制条件对牛油基火锅油品质的影响。结果表明：火锅油中的挥发性风味物质主要由萜烯类、烃类、醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类及其他类化合物组成，挥发性风味物质总数量在79~109之间，关键挥发性风味物质有10种，主要为萜烯类和醛类化合物，其中不良风味物质(E)-2-壬烯醛对熬制温度为120 ℃的火锅油风味贡献最大，与未经过熬制的牛油-巴沙硬脂火锅油的相同；而以鸡香和鸡油味为风味特征的(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛对熬制温度为80、100 ℃的火锅油风味贡献最大，且在100 ℃下熬制60 min制备的火锅油的(E)-2-壬烯醛的相对气味活性值（ROAV）最低〔在检出（E）-2-壬烯醛的所有火锅油中〕；熬制条件对火锅油样脂肪酸组成及含量没有显著影响；不同熬制温度下熬制60 min内，火锅油的酸值（KOH）（< 1.40 mg/g ）无显著变化，而过氧化值在80、100 ℃下随熬制时间的延长先升高后降低，在120 ℃时呈下降趋势，但均符合DBS50/022—2021要求；120 ℃下熬制60 min的火锅油全氧化值和茴香胺值明显高于80 ℃和100 ℃的；随熬制时间的延长和熬制温度的升高，火锅油的颜色越深；经风味、色泽、外观、黏性/硬度等感官评价，100 ℃熬制60 min的火锅油总体感官得分较高。综上，在100 ℃下熬制60 min制备的牛油基火锅油的综合品质较佳，可作为适宜的牛油基火锅油的熬制条件。     

市售陈年切达奶酪风味特征及消费者喜好度研究

本文对来自5个国家、不同成熟度的陈年切达奶酪中挥发性风味物质进行了检测,同时结合感官评定指标,解析了市售切达奶酪风味特征的地域性差异以及中国消费者对于切达奶酪风味特征的偏好性。实验结果表明:不同来源的切达奶酪挥发性风味存在着地域差异,差异主要源于挥发性酸类物质。中国消费者对于切达奶酪的喜好度更倾向于奶香味和坚果味,而具有高强度气味、硫味、苦味明显的切达奶酪不受我国消费者欢迎。因此研发奶香味重、坚果味强,而硫味、苦味、气味强度等不明显的切达奶酪将更适合于我国的消费者。     

微波处理对菜籽油风味的影响

旨在为制备不同风味品质的菜籽油提供理论依据,通过感官风味品质评价、电子鼻分析、顶空固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GC×GC/MS）等手段,研究了微波处理对菜籽油风味的影响。结果表明：微波能输入总量和输入强度均影响菜籽油感官风味品质;电子鼻分析结果表明,浓香菜籽油与非浓香菜籽油的挥发性风味成分具有相似性;非浓香菜籽油主要风味物质有23种,包含醛类物质7种、硫类物质5种、醇类物质3种、酸类物质2种、酯类物质2种、杂环类物质2种、烯烃类和酚类物质各1种,为非浓香菜籽油提供辛辣味、脂香味、青草味和花香味等风味;浓香菜籽油中主要风味物质有13种,包含硫类物质5种、杂环类物质3种、醛类物质2种以及酚类、醇类和酸类物质各1种,主要赋予浓香菜籽油辛辣味、烤香味、焙烤味和脂香味等风味。综上,微波预处理技术对菜籽油的风味有显著影响,随着微波能的输入,菜籽油风味由主要以硫苷降解物和氧化挥发物为主导的辛辣味、脂香味、青草味、花香味,转变为以硫苷降解物、美拉德反应产物和氧化挥发物为主导的辛辣味、烤香味、焙烤味和脂香味。     

基于GC-MS和GC-O的浓香菜籽油特征风味物质分析

采用固相微萃取和气相色谱质谱联用技术(SPME/GC-MS)分析浓香菜籽油挥发性成分,采用气相色谱嗅闻分析(GC-O)方法中的时间-强度法(OSME)确定菜籽油特征风味物质,采用定量描述性分析法(QDA)评价菜籽油的感官特性强度,分析感官属性与GC-O分析特征风味成分的关系,推断其对整体风味的贡献程度。结果表明,GC-MS的分析检测到挥发性风味物质共有68种,包括吡嗪类8种,醇类4种,硫甙降解产物15种,醛类20种,酸类6种,酮类4种,烯类3种,杂环类化合物6种和酯类2种。GC-O分析OSME法鉴定出的菜籽油样品中有16种特征风味物质。感官评价结果表明坚果味、腌菜味以及焦糊味是菜籽油的主体风味,与GC-O特征风味物质分析结果一致。表明GC-MS、GC-O法结合感官评价可以有效综合评价菜籽油的特征风味物质。研究结果对浓香菜籽油解析香气特征、优化产品品质、分析呈香机理、建立质量评价体系具有重要意义。     

市售酸奶油感官与风味特征

目前尚未有我国消费者对酸奶油的感官评定研究。文中采用描述性感官评定分析方法,分析了来自6个国家的10种市售酸奶油感官特性,通过主成分分析和热图聚类分析研究市售酸奶油的风味特征,并通过偏最小二乘法分析风味感官属性与挥发性风味物质的相关性。实验结果表明,不同国家感官评定使用的描述词存在差异,我国感官评定员描述酸奶油的风味特征为酸味、甜味、蒸煮味、硫味、奶香味、腥味、刺激性味,臭味和果香味,滋味特征为酸味、甜味、蒸煮味、硫味、奶香味、奶油味、腥味、刺激味、涩味和苦味。不同酸奶油的风味存在一定的差异性,且产地并不是酸奶油风味独特性的主要原因。评定员对酸奶油的喜好度由酸味、硫味、奶香味、奶油味、刺激性味、臭味和果香味决定,偏好酸奶油的乙酸含量为101~190μg/kg,2,3-丁二酮含量为12~23μg/kg。     

杀菌方法对牛乳中特征香气物质的影响

超高温瞬时杀菌法(UHT)、巴氏杀菌法和浸入式杀菌技术(INF)等是应用较为广泛的牛乳杀菌方法,本研究利用溶剂辅助风味蒸发法(SAFE)对生牛乳和3类杀菌乳中挥发性风味组分差别进行研究,结果表明：从4种牛乳中共检出挥发性香气物质48种,包括脂肪酸类11种、酮类5种、醛类6种、含硫化合物2种、酯类6种、醇类5种、芳香及杂环类化合物13种。在此基础上结合阈值进一步确定了上述风味组分的香气活性值(OAV)。4种牛乳样品中共有23种OAV值大于1的关键风味化合物,其中十六酸甲酯、2-壬酮和己醛等对牛乳整体风味的贡献度较大。基于偏最小二乘回归(PLS)对4种牛乳中关键风味组分和牛乳感官特征之间的相关性进行分析,结果表明：INF乳和巴氏杀菌乳的感官特征更为相似,具有较强奶香味与甜味,其对应的化合物为2-壬酮、2(5H)-呋喃酮和乙酸丁酯。UHT乳的感官特征为具有蒸煮味、浓厚感较强。该感官特征与二甲基砜、二甲基硫、2-乙基-1-己醇和2-十三酮等组分相关性较大。此外,生牛乳风味组分相对较少。     

北京烤鸭腿皮与腿肉关键挥发性风味物质解析

为揭示传统北京烤鸭鸭腿的关键挥发性风味物质,采用固相顶空微萃取-气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-O-MS)对4种最具代表性北京烤鸭的腿皮、腿肉挥发性风味物质进行定性与定量分析,并结合气味活性值(OAV)与贡献率确定关键挥发性风味物质组分,通过风味重组试验、风味缺失试验与感官评价三角检验法确证北京烤鸭关...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press