基于氧化石墨烯电化学免疫传感器的侵入性酿酒酵母感染疾病的检测

以氧化石墨烯(GO)和金纳米粒子(AuNP)复合材料电沉积的氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃为基底,以3-巯基丙酸(3-MPA)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)为链接基团,固定了酿酒酵母抗体,构建了一种基于GO电化学免疫传感器,实现了血液中酿酒酵母细胞的精确快速检测。该方法以循环伏安法(CV)作为检测手段,以[Fe(CN)₆]^-3作为电化学反应的探针。结果表明,在酿酒酵母细胞数为6.35×10⁸～6.35×10⁴/mL范围内,氧化峰电流与酿酒酵母细胞数的对数表现出良好的线性关系,且检测极限为3.035×10³/mL。进一步通过利用含红细胞的酿酒酵母样本验证了该免疫传感器的特异性。该检测方法操作简单、成本低、灵敏度高、特异性好,有望实现侵入性酿酒酵母感染疾病的早期预防和及时诊断。     

Zn-Ni MOF/rGO复合结构的制备及其电化学性能

采用溶剂热法和电化学还原法制备了双金属锌-镍金属有机框架/还原氧化石墨烯(Zn-Ni MOF/rGO)复合结构.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Zn-Ni MOF/rGO复合结构形貌进行了表征.通过循环伏安(CV)法和计时安培滴定法对修饰在玻碳电极(GCE)上的Zn-Ni MOF/rGO/GCE传感器的性能进行了测试.实...     

微型球状光学免疫传感器的构建及其在CA125检测中的应用

金纳米粒子(AuNP)和银纳米粒子(AgNP)受到光子作用发出强烈的散射光,在暗场显微镜中可观察到清晰的单纳米粒子图像。以金纳米粒子耦合抗体分子作为球状传感器核心,银纳米粒子作为抗原标记物,构建微型球状光学免疫传感器。研究结果显示,在暗场显微镜中观察到抗体耦合的金纳米粒子为金黄色光点,银纳米粒子为绿色光点。当溶液中癌抗原CA125浓度为35 U/mL时,银纳米粒子耦合到金纳米粒子表面,金黄色的暗场图像转变成绿色,散射光强度增强至68 720,表明通过暗场显微镜观察传感器的颜色变化可定量检测生物分子。该光学免疫传感器体积小、灵敏度高,可进一步应用于临床疾病诊断。     

纳米复合材料修饰的电化学传感器的CA125快速检测

提出了一种利用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)、硫堇(THI)和纳米金(AuNP)纳米复合材料固定在电化学传感器表面进行肿瘤标志物CA125快速检测的电化学免疫新方法。该方法检测原理是利用CA125抗原和抗体结合后形成的免疫复合物影响纳米复合材料中THI电子转移,从而使不同浓度CA125抗原的检测电流响应随着其浓度的增加而下降。采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对电化学传感器的电化学特性进行测试。测试结果表明:在1.3～130 U/mL浓度内,CA125抗原的DPV峰值电流响应与其浓度对数之间呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.991。采用该方法对三例质控人血清样本进行检测,与酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法相比,相对误差值小于5.12%。该方法在检测之前不需要对检测样本进行预处理,且检测时间较短、成本较低、检测精度较高,可广泛应用于其他肿瘤标志物的检测。     

Fe_2O_3-CNT/rGO复合材料制备及其对亚硝酸盐的电化学性能

采用油浴水解反应法和退火还原法合成氧化铁-碳纳米管/还原氧化石墨烯(Fe_2O_3-CNT/rGO)复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对Fe_2O_3-CNT/rGO复合材料的微观形貌、组成和晶体结构进行了分析和表征。同时,利用循环伏安法和计时安培滴定法对制备的Fe_2O_3-CNT/rGO电化学传感器对亚硝酸盐的电化学性能进行测试。实验结果表明:制备的Fe_2O_3-CNT/rGO电化学传感器对亚硝酸盐具有较高的灵敏度(0.679μA·μM~(-1)·cm~(-2))、较快的响应时间(3 s)、较低的检测限(0.08μM)、较宽的线性检测范围(0.2～13 000μM)和较强的抗干扰能力。     

纳米金增敏的压电乙肝IgM免疫传感器研究

研究了在石英晶体表面上组装纳米金,利用水溶性聚合物聚乙二醇(PEG)为凝集剂,加入聚乙烯醇(PVA)增加其凝聚力,利用金纳米粒子对传感器的信号放大增敏作用、比表面积大和较好的生物相溶性等优良特征,在晶振表面固定乙肝核心抗体(IgM),构建了一种高灵敏度的乙肝液相压电免疫传感器。应用于样本检测。该方法与酶联免疫分析方法(ELISA)无显著差异。     

纳米银线/还原石墨烯复合材料的制备与表征

用改进的Hummer法制备了氧化石墨烯(GD),并制备 了表面用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮修饰的纳米银线(AgNWs), 通过原位还原法将二者复合成一种新型的水溶性AgNWs/还原石墨烯(RGD)材料,克服了石 墨烯材料不易分散 的缺点。用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见分光(UV-vis)光度计、扫描电子显 微镜(SEM)和傅里 叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱分析仪对样品结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,制备的AgNWs/RG D材料具有与前驱 体不同的物理参数,有望在非线性光学、光电传感器和生物抑菌等方面有良 好的表现。     

用于重金属离子电化学传感器的TiO2NT/AuNP纳米复合材料

采用水热合成法将金纳米颗粒(AuNP)修饰到TiO₂纳米管(TiO₂NT)表面。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对制备的纳米复合材料进行表征。采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和循环伏安法分析了TiO₂NT/AuNP纳米复合材料修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)。通过方波阳极溶出伏安法(SWASV)分析了纳米复合材料检测重金属离子的可行性。纳米复合材料对Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)具有较高的电分析活性和灵敏度,对Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的灵敏度分别为15.63、213.19、287.86和72.75μA·μM^-1(1 M=1 mol/L),检出限分别为0.052、0.004、0.003和0.011μmol/L。采用TiO₂NT/AuNP纳米复合材料对多种重金属离子进行了检测。此外,TiO₂NT/AuNP/GCE具有抗干扰性能和稳定性。因此,TiO₂NT/AuNP纳米复合材料可适用于电化学传感器来检测多种重金属离子。     

3DG/CoSe2@NW锂离子电池负极材料的制备和电化学性能

为开发高效储存性能的锂离子电池(LIB),利用简单的溶剂热反应合成一维Co-硝基三乙酸(NTC)前驱体,与三维石墨烯(3DG)组装并高温退火后,制备了多维度、多孔的3DG/CoSe₂@纳米线(NW)负极材料。通过一系列的表征证明在纳米结构中,CoSe₂纳米粒子嵌入一维多孔碳NW中,该一维多孔碳NW被封装在3DG中。3DG/CoSe₂@NW用作LIB负极材料时,由于其独特的纳米结构,在0.1 A·g^-1电流密度下100次循环后比容量为725.6 mA·h·g^-1,在2 A·g^-1的大电流密度下进行500次的循环后,容量保持率为92.5%。电化学测试结果表明,以3DG/CoSe₂@NW为电极的LIB具有高比容量和优异的循环稳定性。     

基于AuPd/CNT敏感材料的电化学传感器对对乙酰氨基酚的检测

金属纳米材料由于其自身优异的催化性能成为电化学催化剂发展最为迅速的一类催化材料,贵金属催化剂的性能尤为明显。本文利用湿化学法合成了粒径为(8.26±0.2)nm AuPd双金属纳米材料,并与多壁碳纳米管进行复合获得AuPd/CNT复合材料,以此作为敏感材料构建了电化学传感器。Au为主催化剂,Pd为助催化剂,双金属催化剂的协同作用有效地提升了催化性能。以AuPd双金属纳米材料构建的电化学传感器对对乙酰氨基酚(PA)的定量测定具有宽的线性范围(4~1000μmol/L)、低的检测限(0.05μmol/L)。将传感器用于感冒片剂中对乙酰氨基酚的定量测定取得满意的结果,表明AuPd双金属纳米材料在构建电化学传感器用于PA检测中具有良好的应用前景。     

声表面波免疫传感器高频检测系统设计

声表面波（SAW）免疫传感器是一种新型生物传感器,该文设计并实现了一个高频的SAW免疫传感器检测系统。该系统利用锁相环控制输出信号频率对输入信号频率跟踪锁定,通过测量频率变化量即能完成对免疫传感器的检测,通过液晶屏显示结果。测试结果表明,该检测系统能准确测量频率156~162 MHz内的传感信号,系统的最大测量误差仅0.85%,满足SAW免疫传感器高频检测领域的工程实际需要。     

The Exfoliation of Graphene in Liquids by Electrochemical,Chemical, and Sonication‐Assisted Techniques: A Nanoscale Study

The different exfoliation routes of graphite to produce graphene by sonication in solvent, chemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation are compared. The exfoliation process and roughening of a flat graphite substrate is directly visualized at the nanoscale by scanning probe and electron microscopy. The etching damage in graphite and the properties of the exfoliated sheets are compared by Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The results show the trade‐off between exfoliation speed and preservation of graphene quality. A key step to achieve efficient exfoliation is to couple gas production and mechanical exfoliation on a macroscale with non‐covalent exfoliation and preservation of graphene properties on a molecular scale.     

Fabrication of Highly Flexible,Scalable, and High‐Performance Supercapacitors Using Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide Film with Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Crystallinity

With developments in technology, tremendous effort has been devoted to produce flexible, scalable, and high‐performance supercapacitor electrode materials. This report presents a novel fabrication method of highly flexible and scalable electrode material for high‐performance supercapacitors using solution‐processed polyaniline (PANI)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid film. SEM, TEM, Raman, and XPS analyses show that the PANI/RGO film is successfully synthesized. The percentages of the PANI component in the film are controlled (88, 76, and 60%), and the maximum electrical conductivity (906 S cm^?1) is observed at the PANI percentage of 76%. Notably, electrical conductivity of the PANI/RGO film (906 S cm^?1) is larger than both PANI (580 S cm^?1) and RGO (46.5 S cm^?1) components. XRD analysis demonstrates that the strong π–π interaction between the RGO and the PANI cause more compact packing of the PANI chains by inducing more fully expanded conformation of the PANI chains in the solution, leading to increase in the electrical conductivity and crystallinity of the film. The PANI/RGO film also displays diverse advantages as a scalable and flexible electrode material (e.g., controllable size and great flexibility). During the electrochemical tests, the film exhibits high capacitance of 431 F g^?1 with enhanced cycling stability.     

Greener Electrochemical Synthesis of High Quality Graphene Nanosheets Directly from Pencil and its SPR Sensing Application

A green, simple, and cost effective electrochemical method to synthesize pure graphene oxide (GO) and graphene nanosheets (GNs) using pencil in ionic liquid medium is reported. The morphology and microstructure of prepared GNs and GO are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy; the experiments confirm the formation of high quality graphene. The synthesized GO is used for the real‐time and label‐free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing of the biological warfare agent Salmonella typhi.     

低温ITO薄膜制备及其在TOLED中的应用

通过在直流磁控溅射过程中加入微量水蒸气的方法,在低于60℃温度条件下制备了具有优良光电性能的透明导电ITO薄膜,并探讨了溅射功率、基板温度对ITO薄膜光电性能的影响.利用制得的ITO薄膜作电极,制作了结构为ITO/CuPc/NPB/Alq3/BCP/Mg:Ag/ITO的透明有机电致发光器件(TOLEDs),结果表明,器件的平均透过率达到45%;在驱动电压15 V的条件下,发光亮度达到了3000 cd/m2.     

两种不同方法制备的硅纳米颗粒的特性研究

采用激光烧蚀法和电化学腐蚀法制备硅纳米颗粒,两种方法制备的硅纳米颗粒粒径与形貌都不同,而且紫外-可见吸收谱也有很大差别.分析紫外-可见吸收谱发现,硅纳米颗粒与单晶硅相比发生了能带展宽、吸收边蓝移现象,并且有直接能隙的特点;两种方法制备的硅纳米颗粒的光致发光都与硅颗粒的粒径分布和表面层成分密切相关,并且光致发光谱还随激发波长的变化而规律地改变.用量子限制和表面层成分结合模型分析解释了这些现象.     

(CoFe)Se2@NC超级电容器电极材料的制备及其电化学性能

金属-有机框架(MOF)衍生的过渡金属硒化物和多孔碳纳米复合材料具有巨大的储能优势,是应用于电化学储能的优良电极材料。采用共沉淀法制备CoFe类普鲁士蓝(CoFe-PBA)纳米立方,并通过静电组装在CoFe-PBA上包覆聚吡咯(PPy)得到CoFe-PBA@PPy;通过在400℃氮气中退火并硒化成功制备了氮掺杂的碳(NC)包覆(CoFe)Se₂的(CoFe)Se₂@NC纳米复合材料,并对其结构和形貌进行了表征。以(CoFe)Se₂@NC为电极制备了超级电容器,测试了其电化学性能,结果表明,在电流密度1 A/g时超级电容器的比电容达到1047.9 F/g,在电流密度5 A/g下1000次循环后具有良好的循环稳定性和96.55%的比电容保持率。由于其性能优越、无毒、成本低和易于制备,未来(CoFe)Se₂@NC纳米复合材料在超级电容器中具有非常大的应用潜力。     

Nanoporous Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Oxide/Nickel Sulfide Composite Sheets Derived from a Metal‐Organic Framework as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution

Engineering of controlled hybrid nanocomposites creates one of the most exciting applications in the fields of energy materials and environmental science. The rational design and in situ synthesis of hierarchical porous nanocomposite sheets of nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide (NGO) and nickel sulfide (Ni₇S₆) derived from a hybrid of a well‐known nickel‐based metal‐organic framework (NiMOF‐74) using thiourea as a sulfur source are reported here. The nanoporous NGO/MOF composite is prepared through a solvothermal process in which Ni(II) metal centers of the MOF structure are chelated with nitrogen and oxygen functional groups of NGO. NGO/Ni₇S₆ exhibits bifunctional activity, capable of catalyzing both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with excellent stability in alkaline electrolytes, due to its high surface area, high pore volume, and tailored reaction interface enabling the availability of active nickel sites, mass transport, and gas release. Depending on the nitrogen doping level, the properties of graphene oxide can be tuned toward, e.g., enhanced stability of the composite compared to commonly used RuO₂ under OER conditions. Hence, this work opens the door for the development of effective OER/HER electrocatalysts based on hierarchical porous graphene oxide composites with metal chalcogenides, which may replace expensive commercial catalysts such as RuO₂ and IrO₂.