GO/PANI改性环氧树脂@TiO2/CdS涂层的光生阴极保护性能

为解决二氧化钛/硫化镉(TiO₂/CdS)复合材料作为光生阴极防腐保护材料无法对金属提供持久性光生阴极保护、导电率低和载流子复合率高等问题,引入氧化石墨烯(GO)和聚苯胺(PANI)材料,通过水热法和原位聚合法制备了TiO₂/CdS/GO/PANI复合材料,将其作为改性环氧树脂涂层,制备出兼具优异光电转换性能和防腐性能的双功能环氧树脂基涂层。通过对Q235碳钢(Q235 CS)表面进行涂覆,研究了复合涂层的光生阴极保护电化学性能和防腐性能参数。结果表明,TiO₂/CdS/GO/PANI修饰后的环氧树脂基涂层表现出优异的光电化学性能和防腐性能,光电流密度达到0.15 A/cm²,开路电位为-0.8 V,防腐蚀效率高达98.55%。     

石墨烯基电子学研究进展

综述了石墨烯晶体的能带结构和独特的电子性质,如双极性电场效应、单双层石墨烯效应、衬底效应、石墨烯纳米带(GNR)带隙等特殊效应的研究现状。介绍了石墨剥落技术、外延生长和化学气相淀积(CVD)等石墨烯材料的制备以及表征方法。列举了石墨烯在电子、显示、太阳电池、传感器和氢存储等方面的应用,如在石墨烯场效应管、石墨烯纳米带场效应管(SET)、石墨烯单电子晶体管、石墨烯金属晶体管、石墨烯基纳米电子机械系统(NEMS)、石墨烯分子开关以及石墨烯基高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)制备方面的应用。人们已经研究出不同栅长的n/p型顶栅石墨烯场效应管(GFET),并采用标准的S参数直接表征器件的高频性能。理论和实验表明,所有石墨烯纳米带场效应管(GNRFET)在室温下工作的前提是GNR的带宽尺寸小于10nm,并具有半导体场效应管的性能。     

α-Ni(OH)2/石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及其电容性能研究

近年来,石墨烯复合材料作为理想基底用于电极材料的生长,在电化学的许多领域都得到了广泛的应用。以石墨烯和六水合硝酸镍为原料,用NaBH_4作为还原剂,在90℃低温条件下制备合成了具有纳米尺寸的α-Ni(OH)_2/石墨烯复合材料。研究了石墨烯与α-Ni(OH)_2的质量比不同时复合材料的电化学性能。结果表明:当质量比为5∶5时,复合材料显示了最佳的电化学性能:在0～0.47 V的电位窗口,0.2 A/g的电流密度下,比容量高达1280 F/g;2 A/g的电流密度下循环充放电测试2000次后,比容量仍然保持88%。因此,该复合材料作为一种理想的复合电极材料,可被应用到能量转化/储存系统中。     

CaMoO4/GO复合材料的制备及其超级电容器性能

采用水热法成功合成了CaMoO₄/氧化石墨烯(GO)纳米复合材料。通过材料的表面形貌、晶体结构和电化学性能研究合成的纳米复合材料。结果表明,CaMoO₄/GO电极在电流密度0.5 A/g时比电容高达571.82 F/g,并且在1 A/g的电流密度下,经过1000次循环后的比电容保持率仍为84%。为了测试电极材料的实际应用效果,全固态超级电容器(ASC)分别使用CaMoO₄/GO和活性炭(AC)作为正极和负极进行组装。组装的ASC在功率密度1710.3 W/kg下显示出25.18 W·h·kg^-1的能量密度,并且能通过串联4个ASC为红色发光二极管供电。上述结果表明CaMoO₄/GO电极材料在高性能储能设备的应用中具有非常大的潜力。     

柔性石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯电加热复合膜的制备与研究

石墨烯(GE)具有独特的二维纳米结构、良好的导电性和优异的热性能,使其在与聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)一起构建高性能聚合物填料时优于传统填料材料.采用溶液共混法制备GE/PVDF分散液,真空干燥法制备了GE/PVDF电热复合膜.GE/PVDF复合膜具有优良的电热性能(10 V电压下可快速达到196℃)、柔韧性好、质量轻(1...     

尖晶石型铁氧体/TiO2复合材料的水热法制备及性能研究进展

综述了尖晶石型铁氧体/TiO₂复合材料的水热法制备与性能研究进展,包括零维、一维结构的尖晶石型铁氧体/TiO₂复合材料和特殊形貌的尖晶石型铁氧体/TiO₂/石墨烯复合材料的水热法制备研究现状,以及复合材料电化学性能、光催化性能、吸波性能的研究进展。总结了二元或三元复合材料由于充分发挥了各组分材料间的协同作用以及复合材料具有的独特结构,使复合材料具有优异的电化学性能、光催化性能和吸波性能。指明未来应以水热法制备尖晶石型铁氧体/TiO₂/石墨烯三元复合材料为目标,向着引入中空过渡层以及制备具有特殊结构的三元复合材料方向发展。     

RGO-CdSe纳米复合材料的制备及其光学非线性吸收特性

通过两相法制备了氧化石墨烯 -硒化镉(GO-CdSe)纳米复合材料,并进一步通过水合肼还原, 制备了还原氧化石墨烯-硒化镉(RGO-CdSe)纳米复合材料。通过透射电镜(TEM)、 X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外可见光吸收(UV-Vis)光谱和荧光(PL)光谱对复合材料的 形貌、结 构和光学特性进行了表征。CdSe量子点为闪锌矿结构,粒径在6nm左右,基本均匀的分布在 RGO片上。在波长为532nm、脉冲宽度为30ps 的激光作用下,采用单光束Z扫描 技术,对复合材料的三阶光学非线性吸收性质进行了研究。研究发现,RGO-CdSe纳米复合 材料展现出反饱和吸收的非线性光学特性;相对于未附着CdSe量子点的 RGO,复合材料的光学非线性吸收特性有所增强。RGO-CdSe纳米复合材料的非线性吸收系数 为18.3cm/GW,高于纯RGO的11.2cm/GW。实 验 结果表明,RGO-CdSe纳米复合材料在光限幅器、光开关等光学器件方面有着潜在的应用前 景。     

具有核/壳结构的纳米复合高频软磁材料

具有核/壳结构的复合纳米材料兼有外壳层和内核材料的性能,由于其结构和组成能够在nm尺度上进行设计和剪裁,因而具有许多独特的光、电、磁、催化等物理与化学性质。简要介绍了实验室在过渡金属纳米复合高频软磁材料研究方面的最新进展,内容包括:绝缘壳层(如SiO2、Al2O3、C-SiO2等)复合材料,能显著改善过渡金属纳米颗粒的热温度性,有效防止氧化和团聚,具有饱和磁化强度高、高频软磁性能优异的特点;半导体壳层(如ZnO)复合材料,研究了材料的光致发光性能,观测到在ZnO材料中较少出现的700nm发光峰;螺旋碳纳米管与Fe组成的复合材料,实验结果表明该复合材料具有良好的高频吸波性能,有望成为新一代轻质高频吸波材料。     

石墨烯/聚吡咯/聚苯胺复合材料的制备与电容性能

超级电容器是一种绿色储能节能器件,其性能主要是由电极材料所决定的.以疏松的石墨烯(GR)为模板,先后以吡咯(Py)和苯胺(ANi)为单体,采用两步原位聚合法制备了具有"三明治"结构的石墨烯/聚吡咯/聚苯胺(GR/PPy/PANi)复合材料,探索了原料比对复合材料结构、微观形貌、电化学性能的影响.研究表明,Py和ANi分...     

3DG/CoSe2@NW锂离子电池负极材料的制备和电化学性能

为开发高效储存性能的锂离子电池(LIB),利用简单的溶剂热反应合成一维Co-硝基三乙酸(NTC)前驱体,与三维石墨烯(3DG)组装并高温退火后,制备了多维度、多孔的3DG/CoSe₂@纳米线(NW)负极材料。通过一系列的表征证明在纳米结构中,CoSe₂纳米粒子嵌入一维多孔碳NW中,该一维多孔碳NW被封装在3DG中。3DG/CoSe₂@NW用作LIB负极材料时,由于其独特的纳米结构,在0.1 A·g^-1电流密度下100次循环后比容量为725.6 mA·h·g^-1,在2 A·g^-1的大电流密度下进行500次的循环后,容量保持率为92.5%。电化学测试结果表明,以3DG/CoSe₂@NW为电极的LIB具有高比容量和优异的循环稳定性。     

Improving the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 via hybridizing with graphene

In this paper an improvement in the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ was carried out via hybridizing with graphene. Graphene-TiO₂ (GR-TiO₂)nanocomposites with different weight addition ratios of graphene oxide (GO) have been prepared via a facile microwave irradiation of GO and tetrabutyl titanate in isopropyl alcohol. Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) are employed to determine the properties of the samples. Microwave irradiation can heat the reactant to a higher temperature in a short time, simultaneously GO is reduced to graphene and TiO₂ nanoparticles grown on the surface of GR. GR-TiO₂ nanocomposites synthesized via this approach have efficient electron conductivity in GR, resulting in a reduced electron-hole recombination rate. Among the synthesized nanocomposites, GT-8wt% exhibited the best photocatalytic activity toward photocatalytic degradation of MB. Our current work provides a new insight for the fabrication of GR-TiO₂ nanocomposites within a short reaction time and also explains the mechanism of photocatalysis employing radical and hole scavengers.     

Preparation of Surfactants Directed PANI/In2O3 Nanocomposite Thin Films and Its NH3-Sensing Properties

Polyaniline/indium oxide (PANI/In2O3) nanocomposite thin films have been prepared in water-dispersed medium with the presence of different surfactants by an in-situ self-assembly technique. A cationic surfactant TTAB (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and a non-ionic surfactant tween- 20 (poly (ethylene oxide) (20) sorbitan monolaurate) are used as additives. The nanocomposites and thin films are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The optical properties reveal the interaction between PANI/In2O3 nanocomposites and surfactants, and PANI/In2O3 thin films prepared in the presence of surfactants exhibits the finer nanofiber than the surfactants free PANI/In2O3 thin film. The ammonia (NH3) gas-sensing characteristic of PANI/In2O3 thin films and the effect of different surfactants on the gas-sensing property are studied. The results indicated that the film processed in the presence of TTAB has the highest gas sensitivity among all the prepared films.     

Preparation of Surfactants Directed PANI/In2O3 Nanocomposite Thin Films and Its NH3-Sensing Properties

Polyaniline/indium oxide(PANI/In2O3)nanocomposite thin films have been prepared in water-dispersed medium with the presence of different surfactants by an in-situ self-assembly technique.A cationic surfactant TTAB(tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide)and a non-ionic surfactant tween20(poly(ethylene oxide)(20)sorbitan monolaurate)are used as additives.The nauocomposites and thin films are characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),respectively.The optical properties reveal the Interaction between PANI/In2O3nanocomposites and surfactants,and PANI/In2O3 thin films prepared in the presence of surfaetants exhibits the finer nanofiber than the surfactants free PANI/In2O3thin film.The ammonia(NH3)gas-sensing characteristic of PANI/In2O3 thin films and the effect of different surfactants on the gas-sensing property are studied.The results indicated that the film processed in the presence of TTAB has the highest gas sensitivity among all the prepared films.     

Influence of electronic type of SWNTs on the thermoelectric properties of SWNTs/PANI composite films

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have emerged as one of the leading additives for improving the thermoelectric properties of organic materials due to their unique structure and excellent electronic transport properties. However, since as-grown SWNTs possess different chirality, it is of high interest to determine the influence of electronic type of SWNTs on the thermoelectric properties of SWNTs/PANI composite films. Herein, we utilized metallic SWNTs (SWNT-M) and semiconducting SWNTs (SWNT-S) to prepare SWNTs/PANI composite films and studied their thermoelectric properties, respectively. Experimentally, the maximum thermoelectric power factor reached 51 μW m⁻¹ K⁻² for the 19 wt% SWNT-S/PANI composite films, while that value was only 16 μW m⁻¹ K⁻² for the 19 wt% SWNT-M/PANI composite films. The better power factor of SWNT-S/PANI composite films may be attributed to the more significantly enhanced Seebeck coefficient resulting from the effective energy filtering effect at the interfaces between SWNT-S and PANI. Our results reveal the influence of electronic type of SWNTs on the thermoelectric properties of composites, which will drive ongoing efforts to utilize SWNTs as fillers in nanocomposites for optimal thermoelectric properties.     

(CoFe)Se2@NC超级电容器电极材料的制备及其电化学性能

金属-有机框架(MOF)衍生的过渡金属硒化物和多孔碳纳米复合材料具有巨大的储能优势,是应用于电化学储能的优良电极材料。采用共沉淀法制备CoFe类普鲁士蓝(CoFe-PBA)纳米立方,并通过静电组装在CoFe-PBA上包覆聚吡咯(PPy)得到CoFe-PBA@PPy;通过在400℃氮气中退火并硒化成功制备了氮掺杂的碳(NC)包覆(CoFe)Se₂的(CoFe)Se₂@NC纳米复合材料,并对其结构和形貌进行了表征。以(CoFe)Se₂@NC为电极制备了超级电容器,测试了其电化学性能,结果表明,在电流密度1 A/g时超级电容器的比电容达到1047.9 F/g,在电流密度5 A/g下1000次循环后具有良好的循环稳定性和96.55%的比电容保持率。由于其性能优越、无毒、成本低和易于制备,未来(CoFe)Se₂@NC纳米复合材料在超级电容器中具有非常大的应用潜力。     

Hierarchical Nanocomposites Derived from Nanocarbons and Layered Double Hydroxides ‐ Properties,Synthesis, and Applications

The combination of one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional building blocks leads to the formation of hierarchical composites that can take full advantages of each kind of material, which is an effective way for the preparation of multifunctional materials with extraordinary properties. Among various building blocks, nanocarbons (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are two of the most powerful materials that have been widely used in human life. This Feature Article presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of hierarchical nanocomposites derived from nanocarbons and LDHs. The properties of nanocarbons, LDHs, as well as the combined nanocomposites, are described first. Then, efficient and effective fabrication methods for the hierarchical nanocomposites, including the reassembly of nanocarbons and LDHs, formation of LDHs on nanocarbons, and formation of nanocarbons on LDHs, are presented. The as‐obtained nanocomposites derived form nanocarbons and LDHs exhibited excellent performance as multifunctional materials for their promising applications in energy storage, nanocomposites, catalysis, environmental protection, and drug delivery. The fabrication of LDH/carbon nanocomposites provides a novel method for the development of novel multifunctional nanocomposites based on the existing nanomaterials. However, knowledge of their assembly mechanism, robust and precise route for LDH/nanocarbon hybrid with well designed structure, and the relationship between structure, properties, and applications are still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach from the scope of materials, physics, chemistry, engineering, and other application areas, is highly required for the development of this advanced functional composite materials.     

Photothermally Sensitive Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Remote Light‐Controlled Liquid Microvalves

A photothermally sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide (PNIPAM/GO) nanocomposite hydrogel can be synthesized by in situ γ‐irradiation‐assisted polymerization of an aqueous solution of N‐isopropylacrylamide monomer in the presence of graphene oxide (GO). The colors and phase‐transition temperatures of the PNIPAM/GO hydrogels change with different GO doping levels. Due to the high optical absorbance of the GO, the nanocomposite hydrogel shows excellent photothermal properties, where its phase transitions can be controlled remotely by near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, and it is completely reversible via laser exposure or non‐exposure. With a higher GO loading, the NIR‐induced temperature of the nanocomposite hydrogel increases more quickly than with a lower doping level and the temperature can be tuned effectively by the irradiation time. The nanocomposite hydrogel with its excellent photothermal properties will have great applications in the biomedical field, especially as microfluidic devices; this has been demonstrated in our experiments by way of remote microvalves to control fluidic flow. Such an “easy” and “clean” synthetic procedure initiated by γ‐irradiation can be extended for the efficient synthesis of other nanocomposite materials.     

One‐Step Electrochemical Synthesis of Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Film and Its Applications

This work describes a new one‐step large‐scale electrochemical synthesis of graphene/polyaniline (PANI) composite films using graphite oxide (GO) and aniline as the starting materials. The size of the film could be controlled by the area of indium tin oxide (ITO). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum (UV–vis) results demonstrated that the graphene/PANI composite film was successfully synthesized. The obtained graphene/PANI composite film showed large specific area, high conductivity, good biocompatibility, and fast redox properties and had perfect layered and encapsulated structures. Electrochemical experiments indicated that the composite film had high performances and could be widely used in applied electrochemical fields. As a model, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was entrapped onto the film‐modi?ed glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and used to construct a biosensor. The immobilized HRP showed a pair of well‐de?ned redox peaks and high catalytic activity for the reduction of H₂O₂. Furthermore, the graphene/PANI composite film could be directly used as the supercapacitor electrode. The supercapacitor showed a high specific capacitance of 640 F g^?1 with a retention life of 90% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles.     

Nanoporous Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Oxide/Nickel Sulfide Composite Sheets Derived from a Metal‐Organic Framework as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution

Engineering of controlled hybrid nanocomposites creates one of the most exciting applications in the fields of energy materials and environmental science. The rational design and in situ synthesis of hierarchical porous nanocomposite sheets of nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide (NGO) and nickel sulfide (Ni₇S₆) derived from a hybrid of a well‐known nickel‐based metal‐organic framework (NiMOF‐74) using thiourea as a sulfur source are reported here. The nanoporous NGO/MOF composite is prepared through a solvothermal process in which Ni(II) metal centers of the MOF structure are chelated with nitrogen and oxygen functional groups of NGO. NGO/Ni₇S₆ exhibits bifunctional activity, capable of catalyzing both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with excellent stability in alkaline electrolytes, due to its high surface area, high pore volume, and tailored reaction interface enabling the availability of active nickel sites, mass transport, and gas release. Depending on the nitrogen doping level, the properties of graphene oxide can be tuned toward, e.g., enhanced stability of the composite compared to commonly used RuO₂ under OER conditions. Hence, this work opens the door for the development of effective OER/HER electrocatalysts based on hierarchical porous graphene oxide composites with metal chalcogenides, which may replace expensive commercial catalysts such as RuO₂ and IrO₂.     

A green approach to the fabrication of titania–graphene nanocomposites: Insights relevant to efficient photodegradation of Acid Orange 7 dye under solar irradiation

Environment friendly and efficient strategy for the preparation of titanium dioxide (TiO₂)–graphene (GR) based hybrid nanocomposite has been demonstrated by simple chemical approach for the photodegradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye under solar irradiation. The resultant nanocomposite structure and composition has been characterized by Ultraviolet Diffusive Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the surface of GR was confirmed by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) studies. Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclicvoltammetry (CV) studies revealed that the incorporation of GR with TiO₂ nanoparticles significantly enhanced the redox property and electrical conductivity. During photocatalysis, the TiO₂–GR nanocomposites have high photocatalytic activity compared with that of TiO₂ towards AO7 dye degradation under solar light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity might be attributed to the role GR played as an electron acceptor and transporter in the composite film, which effectively suppressed the charge recombination and promoted the charge transfer within the composite.