有源干扰星载SAR的技术研究

主要探讨了有源干扰星载SAR的技术措施———有源压制干扰和有源欺骗干扰。有源压制干扰主要包括阻塞干扰、瞄准式干扰和随机脉冲干扰;有源欺骗干扰主要包括转发式干扰、应答式干扰和散射波干扰。定性分析了各种干扰对SAR图像影响效果并对有源干扰所需干扰功率进行了定量计算。     

星载SAR箔条走廊干扰特性分析

鉴于对星载合成孔径雷达实施干扰的必要性、实施有源干扰的复杂性,人们越来越重视星载SAR的无源干扰研究。文章在借鉴传统箔条干扰技术的基础上,根据星载合成孔径雷达的工作特点,分析了星载合成孔径雷达的箔条走廊干扰方法。通过对该方法的描述,分析了箔条走廊干扰星载合成孔径雷达的干扰环境、时间特性和空间特性,还给出了在对抗多频段多极化合成孔径雷达的一些思路。文章的分析结果对于应用箔条走廊干扰星载SAR有一定意义。     

SAR散射波干扰实现方法的研究

根据SAR信号的传播过程和散射波干扰原理，提出了一种散射波干扰的实现方法——干扰机转发地物散射波干扰，即干扰机接收到经地物散射的SAR信号，向SAR接收系统转发，形成散射波干扰。通过分析干扰信号的数学模型，证明了干扰机转发地物散射波干扰信号与干扰机转发SAR信号散射波干扰信号具有相同的数学模型，且能够在距离向和方位向实现二维相干干扰，使SAR图像模糊。最后通过计算机仿真验证了干扰机转发地物散射波干扰的干扰效果。     

星载SAR自然地面场景仿真方法研究

本文对星载SAR图象仿真方法进行了深入地研究,基于分形理论、小面单元模型和陆地杂波散射特性模型提出了一种仿真自然地面场景星载SAR图象的实现方法.根据实地勘测的DEM数据进行计算机仿真,实验结果表明:利用本文方法仿真的星载SAR图象逼真地反映了自然地面场景的随机起伏特性和雷达图象特有的几何畸变现象,能够对星载SAR系统方案设计进行验证,对实现SAR卫星总体方案的优化设计具有重要意义.     

星载SAR的箔条干扰分析

针对星载合成孔径雷达 (SAR)发射信号和回波信号的特点 ,距离维和方位维信号处理的弱点 ,提出了箔条干扰星载SAR成像的方法。采用光学的处理办法对SAR产生的信号受箔条干扰的机理进行了分析 ,结果表明 :选择适当的箔条特征尺寸和作用距离可使反射或散射后的信号相位和方向改变 ,形成相干的干扰信号进入SAR信号处理单元 ,对成像解算形成干扰。     

基于ChirpScaling算法的星载SAR成像处理实现方法

本文提出一种基于ＣｈｉｒｐＳｃａｌｉｎｇ（ＣＳ）算法的星载合成孔径雷达成像处理实现方法，该算法与目前国际上通用的距离－多普勒算法相比，由于避免了插值运算，且能够精确地进行距离徒动校正，使得成像质量优于精的ＲＤ算法。     

基于ChirpScaling算法的星载SAR成像处理实现方法

本文提出一种基于ＣｈｉｒｐＳｃａｌｉｎｇ（ＣＳ）算法的星载合成孔径雷达成像处理实现方法，该算法与目前国际上通用的距离－多普勒算法相比，由于避免了插值运算，且能够精确地进行距离徒动校正，使得成像质量优于精的ＲＤ算法。     

星载SAR应答式欺骗干扰研究

本文从星载SAR(SyntheticApertureRadar)的应答式欺骗干扰方法入手,在研究应答欺骗式干扰原理的基础上,建立了SAR地面目标回波模型。通过分析回波多普勒频移和调频速率,计算出应答干扰机所需的合成假目标数据,从而得到了相应的干扰信号。     

INS/微波被动/SAR导引头抗场景散射干扰和有源欺骗干扰技术

针对惯性导航系统(Inertial Navigation System, INS)/被动微波/合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)多模导引头,分析了弹载条件下,有源欺骗干扰和场景散射干扰影响的特点,提出了利用被动导引头辐射源参数测量能力的有源欺骗干扰抑制方法,以及利用任务规划所装订的目标位置和惯导误差模型的场景散射干扰抑制方法,给出了详细的干扰抑制流程.典型场景的仿真表明了所提干扰抑制方法的有效性,结合仿真结果分析了干扰抑制处理带来的问题,提出了解决思路.     

SAR二维余弦调相转发散射波干扰原理

本文提出一种新的合成孔径雷达(SAR)干扰方法:SAR二维余弦调相转发散射波干扰.该方法将SAR二维余弦调相转发干扰同散射波干扰结合,利用二维余弦调相转发干扰实现多假目标干扰,再通过散射波干扰使干扰回波携带真实目标的散射信息,二者的结合相得益彰,为实现多假目标干扰和假目标携带真实目标散射信息提供了一种可行途径,实现了对SAR在时域、频域和极化域都较为逼真的多假目标欺骗干扰.理论分析和仿真实验验证了该干扰方法的可行性和有效性.     

Generation of digital terrain models with a ground-based SAR system

A novel technique for the retrieval of a digital terrain model (DTM) with a ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) system is described. A set of SAR images collected over a test site located at Salice d'Ulzio, Italy, is used to validate experimentally the proposed DTM retrieval technique. The topographic height is obtained using an algorithm specifically tailored for a GB-SAR system equipped with two receive antennas. The comparison with an existing DTM of the test site area shows that the retrieved DTM is accurate, with root mean square height differences between the two DTMs below 5 m.     

星载激光目标指示器光学系统研究

介绍了星载激光目标指示器的总体方案,利用遥感成像分系统与伺服分系统对目标进行图像跟踪,由激光发射系统对目标实施激光指示。对遥感成像分系统的工作波段、系统焦距、口径、积分时间和视场等关键参数进行了优化选取,对激光发射系统的工作波长、脉冲宽度、峰值功率、束散角和指示精度等进行了分析。并开展了遥感成像分系统与激光发射分系统的光学系统设计,设计结果表明,分系统设计能够满足指标分配要求,具备实现的可能,总体设计能够满足星载激光目标指示器在500 km轨道高度,对中等大小舰船进行激光指示的功能需要。     

VHF/UHF波段星载SAR电离层效应研究

星载UHF／VHF波段合成孔径雷达对隐蔽目标有很强的探测能力,在军事和民用中都有重要应用前景,但其实现受到电离层效应的严重限制。文中介绍了此研究方向的现状、主要问题、以及相应的解决方法。     

OPTIMIZATION ON ANTENNA PATTERN OF SPACEBORNE SAR WITH IMPROVED NSGA-Ⅱ

Optimization of antenna array pattern used in a spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system is considered in this study. A robust evolutionary algorithm, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms (the improved NSGA-Ⅱ), is applied on a spaceborne SAR antenna pattern design. The system consists of two objective functions with two constraints. Pareto fronts are generated as a result of multi-objective optimization. After being validated by a test problem ZDT4, the algorithms are used to synthesize spacebor...     

Imaging and MTI processing based on dual-frequencies dual-apertures spaceborne SAR

Based on dual-frequencies dual-apertures spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), a new SAR system with four receiving channels and two operation modes is presented in this paper. SAR imaging and Moving Target Indication (MTI) are studied in this system. High resolution imaging with wide swath is implemented by the Mode I, and MTI is completed by the Mode II. High azimuth resolution is achieved by the Displaced Phase Center (DPC) multibeam technique. And the Coherent Accumulation (CA) method, which combines dual channels data of different carrier frequency, is used to enhance the range resolution. For the data of different carrier frequency, the two aperture interferometric processing is executed to implement clutter cancellation, respectively. And the couple of clutter suppressed data are employed to implement Dual Carrier Frequency Conjugate Processing (DCFCP), then both slow and fast moving targets detection can be completed, followed by moving target imaging. The simulation results show the validity of the signal processing method of this new SAR system.     

姿态测量误差对星载合成孔径雷达成像质量影响

针对高分辨率条件下卫星弯曲轨迹与姿态测量误差耦合对成像质量的影响开展分析.首先结合高分辨率星载滑动聚束合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)成像特点,解析回波信号的空-时-频特性,分析姿态测量误差对回波信号空-时-频特性的影响,构建该影响与成像质量之间的数学映射关系.然后基于高次相位补偿的三步成像算法分析误差所引入的高次补偿相位误差,并给出是否需要进行高次相位补偿的误差临界值.最后,通过计算机仿真验证理论分析的正确性.     

一种快速星载合成孔径雷达波束优化算法

针对星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）,提出了一种快速的波束优化算法。该方法以快速傅里叶变换（FFT）为基础,对星载SAR的波束进行赋形,并压制了模糊区。利用快速傅里叶逆变换（IFFT）快速计算出方向图,然后和期望的方向图进行比较,对不满足期望方向图的区域,直接用期望方向图的值代替。重复上述操作,直到方向图满足设计要求。和原有的波束优化方法相比,该方法不做各种复杂操作,因而大大节省了优化时间,提高了速度。两个仿真结果都表明该方法实用、高效。     

Processing of multiple-receiver spaceborne arrays for wide-area SAR

The instantaneous area illuminated by a single-aperture synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is fundamentally limited by the minimum SAR antenna area constraint. This limitation is due to the fact that the number of illuminated resolution cells cannot exceed the number of collected data samples. However, if spatial sampling is added through the use of multiple-receiver arrays, then the maximum unambiguous illumination area is increased because multiple beams can be formed to reject range-Doppler ambiguities. Furthermore, the maximum unambiguous illumination area increases with the number of receivers in the array. One spaceborne implementation of multiple-aperture SAR that has been proposed is a constellation of formation-flying satellites. In this implementation, several satellites fly in a cluster and work together as a single coherent system. There are many advantages to the constellation implementation including cost benefits, graceful performance degradation, and the possibility of performing in multiple modes. The disadvantage is that the spatial samples provided by such a constellation will be sparse and irregularly spaced; consequently, traditional matched filtering produces unsatisfactory results. We investigate SAR performance and processing of sparse, multiple-aperture arrays. Three filters are evaluated: the matched filter, maximum-likelihood filter, and minimum mean-square error filter     

Repeat-pass SAR interferometry over forested terrain

Repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry provides the possibility of producing topographic maps and geocoded as well as radiometrically calibrated radar images. However, the usefulness of such maps and images depends on our understanding of how different types of terrain affect the radar measurements. It is essential that the scene coherence between passes is sufficient. In this paper, the authors derive a general system model including both radar system and scene scattering properties. The model is used to interpret measurements over a forested area where the scene coherence varies between 0.2 and 0.5. The coherence is found to be sensitive to temperature changes around 0°C but surprisingly insensitive to wind speed. The interferometric height discontinuity at the forest to open-field boundary shows good agreement with in situ tree height measurements. For a dense boreal forest, but is observed to decrease for a less dense forest. This suggests the possibility of estimating bole volume from the interferometric tree height and a ground DEM. The decrease of scene coherence over a dense forest with increasing baseline is also used to estimate the effective scattering layer thickness