LTE系统中MIMO接收算法的研究与仿真

随着现代无线技术的发展,传统的通信方法通过使用信道编码等方法,不能满足对频率要求比较高的现代通信系统。MIMO系统的搞数据传输速率和能够扩大系统容量等优点,在现代通信技术领域有很强的竞争力。而MIMO技术的关键是接收机,接收机的主要算法有ZF(有迫零算法)、MMSE(最小均方误差算法)、最大似然解码算法、(BLAST)分层空时处理等算法,文章主要针对MMSE与ZF算法的性质进行研究,在不同的发射天线下,通过对比MMSE与ZF算法的性能,利用蒙特卡洛模拟仿真的方法 MMS与ZF算法的误码率进行分析。     

一种改进的OFDM载波干扰自消除算法

OFDM系统因采用正交子载波技术使得对频率偏移非常敏感,尤其是当频率偏移较大时,误码率性能严重恶化.在分析由Zhao等提出的ICI自消除算法及其改进算法的基础上,提出一种收发端权重因子联合优化算法,该算法极大地提高了OFDM系统的载干比(CIR,carrier-to-interference power ratio)性能.仿真表明,该算法不仅实现简单,而且在频率偏移较大时仍然具有很好的性能.     

自适应波束形成实现交织OFDMA上行链路的载波频偏补偿

在OFDMA系统中,采用交织子载波分配方法可以提高频率分集和系统容量,但是发射机和接收机之间的载波频率偏移会破坏子载波间的正交性,从而导致本用户的载波间干扰以及用户间干扰。该文分析了交织OFDMA上行链路的信号结构,提出了一种采用自适应波束形成器的载波频偏补偿方法,并给出了两种自适应波束形成器:匹配滤波器和MMSE方法。仿真结果验证了MMSE自适应波束形成器的误比特率性能优于匹配滤波器以及传统的循环卷积方法。     

一种适用于QAM信号的数字载波估计算法

由于发射和接收机振荡器的不稳定或/和信道的多普勒效应,使载波同步与补偿成为QAM信号接收的关键环节。针对非协作通信中各类载波同步算法只能校正较小的频率偏移的局限,根据QAM信号的基本特点,利用传输符号的统计独立特性,提出了一种新的数字载波频率估计方法。该算法采用开环方式,不需要导频数据,可以估计较大的频率偏移;没有反馈环路,复杂度低,实现起来比较简单。同时,该算法作适当改进,可以直接用于载波的估计。计算机仿真结果表明:该算法可以较好地对各种QAM信号中存在的较大频率偏移进行估计并做补偿;适当改进后可以直接用于估计载波频率,估计效果良好有效。     

LTE系统中的信号检测算法性能分析

为了满足高数据率和高系统容量的需求,LTE系统采用了MIM0多天线技术。MIMO信号检测算法的性能将直接影响系统的整体性能。本文主要介绍7＂LTE系统中的ZF、MMSE、OSIC和Turbo迭代检测算法,并通过LTE下行链路仿真对其进行性能分析。结果表NTurbo迭代检测性能最优,并选择2次迭代即可。MMSE—OSIC、MMSE、ZF—OSIC性能次之,ZF性能最差。     

多载波扩频系统的载波频率偏移性能分析

讨论了在载波频率偏移作用下多载波扩频系统的误码性能。详细研究了载波频率偏移对系统的信噪比和误码的影响。并且用MATLAB进行仿真。研究结果表明多载波扩频系统对很小的相对频率偏移也是非常敏感的,载波频率偏移引起的系统性能下降不仅与频率偏移量有关而且与子载波个数有关。     

电力无线专网中一种OFDM载波同步算法

电力无线专网在1.8 GHz频段建设4G TD-LTE网络,正交频分复用(OFDM)是其关键技术之一,OFDM系统对信道产生的载波频率偏移(CFO)很敏感,频率偏移会造成系统性能的严重下降。因此,需要对OFDM系统中的频率载波偏移精确估计并补偿,以保证系统的性能。本文提出了一种用于OFDM系统中基于局部搜索的多重信号分类(MUSIC)盲CFO估计的算法,该算法利用频率偏移矩阵列矢量与噪声子空间的正交性和CFO的单峰特性,构造一个改进空间谱函数,然后通过局部谱峰搜索得到频偏估计值。该算法的CFO估计性能优于传统CFO估计算法,且能够克服传统MUSIC算法低信噪比下谱峰缺失的问题。仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

物理层网络编码中载波估计研究

如何处理多个终端传输信号间的异步是物理层网络编码（PLNC）研究中一个关键问题。通过分析系统模型,提出了适合物理层网络编码的载波估计算法,仿真结果为PLNC走向实用提供了理论支撑。同时,针对传统译码算法对载波估计误差较敏感的问题,将多进制LDPC码的快速译码算法FFT- BP进行改进应用到PLNC信号的译码,结果表明该算法对载波偏差具有较大容忍性,极大的提升了系统的误码率性能。     

水声通信中脉冲干扰和载波频偏联合估计算法的研究

脉冲噪声和载波频率偏移严重影响正交频分复用(OFDM)水声通信系统性能。本文提出了基于稀疏贝叶斯学习(SBL)理论联合脉冲干扰和载波频偏估计算法。该算法在每次迭代中首先依据所有载波和频域信号的后验分布得到脉冲噪声最小均方误差(MMSE)估计值,然后根据该值估计出相应的载波频偏并对接收信号进行补偿,以降低脉冲噪声和载波频偏之间的相互影响。仿真结果表明,与已有分步估计算法相比较,新方法有效的降低了系统误比特率(BER),且该联合算法在非高斯背景下具有更好的稳定性。      

VBLAST系统的译码算法研究

对已有的传统译码算法如迫零算法（ZF）、最小均方（MMSE）算法、连续抵消（SIC）算法等的性能进行了研究,并在此基础上提出将迫零算法与连续抵消算法、最小均方算法与连续抵消算法相结合,构成迫零-连续抵消算法（ZF-SIC）与最小均方-连续抵消算法（MMSE-SIC）,从而明显改善系统的误码性能。此外,对收发两端采用不同天线数时的系统误码性能进行了仿真与分析,同时仿真分析了系统采用QPSK与16QAM调制方式的误码性能,最后给出仿真分析结果。     

Space–Time Block Codes Achieving Full Diversity With Linear Receivers

In most of the existing space–time code designs, achieving full diversity is based on maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding at the receiver that is usually computationally expensive and may not have soft outputs. Recently, Zhang–Liu–Wong introduced Toeplitz codes and showed that Toeplitz codes achieve full diversity when a linear receiver, zero-forcing (ZF) or minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver, is used. Motivated from Zhang–Liu–Wong's results on Toeplitz codes, in this paper, we propose a design criterion for space–time block codes (STBC), in which information symbols and their complex conjugates are linearly embedded, to achieve full diversity when ZF or MMSE receiver is used. The (complex) orthogonal STBC (OSTBC) satisfy the criterion as one may expect. We also show that the symbol rates of STBC under this criterion are upper bounded by 1. Subsequently, we propose a novel family of STBC that satisfy the criterion and thus achieve full diversity with ZF or MMSE receiver. Our newly proposed STBC are constructed by overlapping the $2,times,2$ Alamouti code and hence named overlapped Alamouti codes in this paper. The new codes are close to orthogonal and their symbol rates can approach 1 for any number of transmit antennas. Simulation results show that overlapped Alamouti codes significantly outperform Toeplitz codes for all numbers of transmit antennas and also outperform OSTBC when the number of transmit antennas is above $4$.      

Zero forcing and minimum mean-square-error equalization formultiuser detection in code-division multiple-access channels

In code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems transmitting over time-varying multipath channels, both intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple-access interference (MAI) arise. The conventional suboptimum receiver consisting of a bank of matched filters is often inefficient because interference is treated as noise. The optimum multiuser detector is too complex to be implemented at present. Four suboptimum detection techniques based on zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) equalization with and without decision feedback (DF) are presented and compared. They combat both ISI and MAI. The computational complexity of all four equalizers is essentially the same. All four equalizers are independent of the size of the data symbol alphabet. It is shown that the performance of the MMSE equalizers is better than that of the corresponding ZF equalizers. Furthermore, the performance of the equalizers with DF is better than that of the corresponding equalizers without DF. The impairing effect of error propagation on the equalizers with DF is reduced by channel sorting     

一种组合的LSD和DFE V-BLAST检测算法

在多天线系统中,BLAST是提高系统通信容量的有效方式。最简单的空间复用方式是V-BLAST,它的检测算法相对简单,有ZF-DFE,MMSE-DFE,ML和ML-DFE等检测算法。该文在这几种算法的基础上,讨论了改进ML-DFE性能的方法,给出了ZF和MMSE方式的组合LSD和DFE检测算法。仿真表明LSD算法只需输出3个检测结果,在复杂度增加不多的条件下,就可以获得大的性能改进,而MMSE方式的算法较ZF算法有更好的性能。     

Diversity-assisted channel estimation and multiuser detection for downlink CDMA with long spreading codes

In downlink communication of a direct-sequence (DS) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system, each user's short spreading codes are superimposed by base station's common long codes. This situation creates much difficulty in blind signal detection when multipath propagation occurs. However, when spatial/temporal diversity is available at the receiver, it is shown in this paper that subspace technique can be directly applied to estimate the common downlink multipath channel. Then, typical linear receivers, such as zero-forcing (ZF), minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) and RAKE receivers can be designed to detect the desired signal. Since the data covariance matrix is used but estimated from finite data samples, performance of both channel estimator and receivers gets perturbed. It is thus thoroughly and jointly analyzed by perturbation analysis. Justification of analysis and comparison of different receivers are also made through simulations.     

Asymptotic Performance of Linear Receivers in MIMO Fading Channels

Linear receivers are an attractive low-complexity alternative to optimal processing for multiple-antenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications. In this paper, we characterize the information-theoretic performance of MIMO linear receivers in two different asymptotic regimes. For fixed number of antennas, we investigate the limit of error probability in the high-signal-to noise-ratio (SNR) regime in terms of the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT). Following this, we characterize the error probability for fixed SNR in the regime of large (but finite) number of antennas.As far as the DMT is concerned, we report a negative result: we show that both linear zero-forcing (ZF) and linear minimum mean- square error (MMSE) receivers achieve the same DMT, which is largely suboptimal even in the case where outer coding and deAcircnot coding is performed across the antennas. We also provide an apAcircnot proximate quantitative analysis of the markedly different behavior of the MMSE and ZF receivers at finite rate and nonasymptotic SNR, and show that while the ZF receiver achieves poor diversity at any finite rate, the MMSE receiver error curve slope flattens out progressively, as the coding rate increases. When SNR is fixed and the number of antennas becomes large, we show that the mutual information at the output of an MMSE or ZF linear receiver has fluctuations that converge in distribution to a Gaussian random variable, whose mean and variance can be characterized in closed form. This analysis extends to the linear reAcircnot ceiver case a well-known result previously obtained for the optimal receiver. Simulations reveal that the asymptotic analysis captures accurately the outage behavior of systems even with a moderate number of antennas.     

On the performance of concatenated convolutional code and Alamouti space-time code with noisy channel estimates and finite-depth interleaving

In this paper, performance of the Alamouti space- time code (STC) [1] and performance of the concatenation between the convolutional code and the Alamouti STC are derived. In order to describe realistic performance issues, we assume that the channel estimates are calculated from linear filters using noisy pilot symbols. We also assume non-quasi- static channels, spatially correlated transmit antennas and finite- depth interleaving. Two types of receivers are investigated for the Alamouti STC, namely, the linear-combining space-time decoder (LC-STD) and the maximum-likelihood space-time decoder (ML- STD). Two types of receivers are investigated for the concatenated system, namely, the LC-STD with the ML convolutional decoder and the joint Alamouti and convolutional ML decoder. The results have shown that the LC-STD is more sensitive to the Doppler spread than the ML-STD. However, since the ML- STD is very sensitive to the channel estimation error, the gains provided by the decoder in fast fading channels will be offset unless an optimized channel estimator is employed. Performance comparisons between the Alamouti systems and the SISO systems indicate that, when the system environment is not ideal, the SISO systems may outperform the Alamouti systems. Lastly, analytical results are compared with simulation results to illustrate the accuracy of the analysis.     

MIMO系统的信号检测算法分析

MIMO已成为当今4G中的主流技术,其接收端的信号检测性能决定着其能否在提升信道容量的同时减少误码率。因此,文中研究了MIMO系统中4种主要的信号检测算法,包括ZF、MMSE、ZF-SIC和MMSE-SIC算法。[JP2]通过在不同的收发天线数和不同接收天线数下各自的误码率,对4种检测算法进行了分析。[JP]结果表明,MMMSE-SIC检测性能最佳,ZF-SIC、MMSE次之,ZF最差。     

Equalization and Carrier Frequency Offsets Compensation for the SC-FDMA System

Recently, the Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system has attracted the attention as an efficient alternative to the Orthogonal Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system in the uplink communications. In this system, the Carrier Frequency Offsets (CFOs) disrupt the orthogonality between subcarriers, and give rise to Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI), and Multiple Access Interference (MAI) among users. In this paper, the impact of the CFOs on the performance of the Discrete Fourier Transform SC-FDMA (DFT-SC-FDMA) and the Discrete Cosine Transform SC-FDMA (DCT-SC-FDMA) systems is investigated. Based on the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) criterion, a new low-complexity joint equalization and CFOs compensation scheme is proposed. It is refered to as the MMSE scheme. The MMSE weights of the proposed scheme are derived taking into account the MAI and the noise. Furthermore, a hybrid scheme comprising the proposed MMSE scheme and a Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC) stage is also suggested and investigated to further enhance the performance of interleaved subcarriers mapping systems. From the obtained simulation results, it is clear that CFOs disrupt the orthogonality between the subcarriers in SC-FDMA systems and degrade the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. The proposed compensation schemes are able to enhance the system performance, even in the presence of the estimation errors.     

准正交空时编码的MMSE检测

多天线系统中发射端采用准正交空时编码(QOSTC)时,与正交空时编码(OSTC)相比,虽然前者可达到全速率传输,但接收端须采用比较复杂的最大似然(ML)检测.本文提出QOSTC的MMSE检测方法,不需要作矩阵求逆运算,因而比BLAST系统的MMSE检测简单,仿真结果表明该检测方法性能及复杂度介于ZF检测和ML检测之间.