宽频多模态涡旋电磁波超表面设计

针对超表面产生OAM(轨道角动量)涡旋电磁波模态单一的问题,提出了一种宽频带多波束多模态OAM波束超表面的设计方法。采用方形开口环结构,优化几何参数,通过开口尺寸的变化构建8个3-bit 数字编码单元。利用矢量叠加原理,由产生单一模态OAM波束所需的相移得到多模态涡旋波束的超表面相位分布。采用天线阵列理论可直接求得超表面的远场方向图,并与全波仿真结果进行对比。研究结果表明,利用该方法设计的超表面,能够同时生成多个OAM波束,并且每个波束的辐射方向和OAM 模态可根据实际需求进行设定。设计的超表面还具有电尺寸小、剖面低和工作频带宽等优点,在无线通信领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

A Reconfigurable Multifunctional Metasurface for Full-Space Control of Electromagnetic Waves

Metasurfaces have attracted much attention in recent years due to their powerful abilities in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, most of the previously reported metasurfaces are incapable of real-time control of full-space EM waves, including transmission, reflection, and absorption at the same time. In this paper, a reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface is proposed that demonstrates real-time control of transmission, absorption, and reflection of EM waves, which can be continuously controlled from total transmission to total reflection, and to perfect absorption. In the case of total reflection, the reflected waves can be further manipulated in a programmable way by changing the digital coding sequences via bias voltages. Meanwhile, the metasurface can independently control vertical and horizontal polarized waves in broadband. The reconfigurable functionalities of the metasurface are validated by experiments, which agree very well with numerical simulations. In addition, a potential application of the reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface in a stealth radome is proposed and demonstrated.     

X波段柔性编码超表面设计与RCS缩减研究

设计了一种柔性非定向低散射2 bit编码超表面。将4 种具有不同反射相位的基本单元随机排列构成整个相位梯度超表面,其对入射电磁波形成无规则散射,实现RCS 缩减特性。实验结果表明:在频点8.40 GHz处,编码超表面的垂直入射反射率为-13.5 dB,偏离法线-30°-30°范围RCS平均缩减为10.0 dB。进一步的研究结果表明,编码超表面弯曲在直径为7 cm 的圆柱面上,RCS平均缩减可达7.8 dB。该超表面可实现曲面的RCS有效缩减。该柔性编码超表面在天线、电磁隐身等领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

Full‐State Synthesis of Electromagnetic Fields using High Efficiency Phase‐Only Metasurfaces

A metasurface is a thin array of subwavelength elements with designable scattering responses, and metasurface holography is a powerful tool for imaging and field control. The existing metasurface holograms are classified into two types: one is based on phase‐only metasurfaces (including the recently presented vectorial metasurface holography), which has high power efficiency but cannot control the phases of generated fields; while the other is based on phase‐amplitude‐modulated metasurfaces, which can control both field amplitudes and phases in the region of interest (ROI) but has very low efficiency. Here, for the first time, it is proposed to synthesize the field amplitudes and phases in ROI simultaneously and independently by using high‐efficiency phase‐only metasurfaces. All points in ROI may have independent values of field amplitudes and phases, and the requirements for X and Y components may be different in achieving spatially varied polarization states. To this end, an efficient design method based on equivalent electromagnetic model and gradient‐based nonlinear optimization is proposed. Full‐wave simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the phase‐only metasurface designed by the method has 10 times higher efficiency than the phase‐amplitude‐modulated metasurface. This work opens a way to realize more complicated and high‐efficiency metasurface holography.     

激发涡旋电磁波的同相位馈电圆形天线阵设计

现有的线极化天线单元组成的圆形天线阵要激发涡旋电磁波,需对天线阵进行等相位差馈电,馈电网络结构较复杂。文中首先从理论上探讨利用圆极化天线单元组成的圆形天线阵产生涡旋电磁波的可能性,基于圆极化波传播特性,通过旋转圆极化天线单元而使相邻天线单元的远区辐射场产生相位差,导出圆形天线阵远场区的电磁辐射公式,论证圆极化的圆形天线阵在同相位馈电时能产生涡旋电磁波束。进而,以8 个天线单元构成的圆形天线阵为例进行仿真验证。结果表明,通过合理的天线单元角度分布替代移相器模块功能,只需使用相同相位的馈电端口就能产生l =0,±1,±2,±3 七种模式的轨道角动量,这种新型轨道角动量激发技术有效提升了馈电网络设计的灵活性。     

Flexible and Multifunctional Silk Textiles with Biomimetic Leaf‐Like MXene/Silver Nanowire Nanostructures for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding,Humidity Monitoring,and Self‐Derived Hydrophobicity

Although flexible and multifunctional textiles are promising for wearable electronics and portable device applications, the main issue is to endow textiles with multifunctionalities while maintaining their innate flexible and porous features. Herein, a vacuum‐assisted layer‐by‐layer assembly technique is demonstrated to conformally deposit electrically conductive substances on textiles for developing multifunctional and flexible textiles with superb electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances, superhydrophobicity, and highly sensitive humidity response. The formed leaf‐like nanostructure is composed of silver nanowires (AgNWs) as the highly conductive skeleton (vein) and transition metal carbide/carbonitride (MXene) nanosheets as the lamina. The presence of MXene protects AgNWs from oxidation and enhances the combination of AgNWs with the fabric substrate, and the transformation of its functional groups leads to self‐derived hydrophobicity. The flexible and multifunctional textile exhibits a low sheet resistance of 0.8 Ω sq^?1, outstanding EMI shielding efficiency of 54 dB in the X‐band at a small thickness of 120 µm, and highly sensitive humidity responses, while retaining its satisfactory porosity and permeability. The self‐derived hydrophobicity with a large contact angle of >140° is achieved by aging the hydrophilic MXene coated silk. The wearable multifunctional textiles are highly promising for applications in intelligent garments, humidity sensors, actuators, and EMI shielding.     

拉盖尔-高斯光束空间传播波前畸变的RMS评估

定量评估拉盖尔-高斯(LG,Laguerre-GAUSS)光束在大气湍流中传输的相位畸变,对 补偿和提高轨道角动量(OAM,Orbital angular momentum)自由空间光通信的质量具有重 要作用。提出将Zernike多项式导出的LG光束波前畸变的均方根(RMS) 作为光束传播的相位畸变评估指标,并在仿真实验中采用分谐波(SH)随机相位屏模拟大气湍 流。 通过Matlab仿真方法对携带不同拓扑荷值的LG光束在湍流中传输的波前畸变(WFD)的RMS进行 分析和讨论。仿真结果表明,利用SH波法产生的随机相位屏比快速傅里叶变换(FFT)法更接 近 实际的大气湍流;受大气湍流影响,LG光束的相位受到破坏,且其损伤程度与光束传输距 离﹑光束携带OAM数l有关;WFD的RMS计算结果与相位仿真结果一致,作为算例,OAM数分别为l＝1、3和5的LG光束传输500m后的WFD的RMS值 依次对应为0.004、0.004和0.005,显示波前畸变愈加严重;对l为1的LG 光束,随着传输距离从500m增大到4500m,其WFD的 RMS值由0.004增大到0.005,也表明WFD更加严重。因 此,RMS定量评估方法可以较为准确和客观地反映LG光束WFD的规 律。     

Design and Synthesis of “All‐in‐One” Multifunctional FeS2 Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance and Near‐Infrared Imaging Guided Photothermal Therapy of Tumors

The ideal theranostic nanoplatform for tumors is a single nanoparticle that has a single semiconductor or metal component and contains all multimodel imaging and therapy abilities. The design and preparation of such a nanoparticle remains a serious challenge. Here, with FeS₂ as a model of a semiconductor, the tuning of vacancy concentrations for obtaining “all‐in‐one” type FeS₂ nanoparticles is reported. FeS₂ nanoparticles with size of ≈30 nm have decreased photoabsorption intensity from the visible to near‐infrared (NIR) region, due to a low S vacancy concentration. By tuning their shape/size and then enhancing the S vacancy concentration, the photoabsorption intensity of FeS₂ nanoparticles with size of ≈350 nm (FeS₂‐350) goes up with the increase of the wavelength from 550 to 950 nm, conferring the high NIR photothermal effect for thermal imaging. Furthermore, this nanoparticle has excellent magnetic properties for T₂‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Subsequently, FeS₂‐350 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) dispersion is injected into the tumor‐bearing mice. Under the irradiation of 915‐nm laser, the tumor can be ablated and the metastasis lesions in liver suffer significant inhibition. Therefore, FeS₂‐350 has great potential to be used as novel “all‐in‐one” multifunctional theranostic nanoagents for MRI and NIR dual‐modal imaging guided NIR‐photothermal ablation therapy (PAT) of tumors.