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1.
Carbon Nanotube–Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrid Films for Flavoenzyme‐Catalyzed Photoelectrochemical Cells
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Eun Jin Son Sahng Ha Lee Su Keun Kuk Milja Pesic Da Som Choi Jong Wan Ko Kayoung Kim Frank Hollmann Chan Beum Park 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(24)
In green plants, solar‐powered electrons are transferred through sophistically arranged photosystems and are subsequently channelled into the Calvin cycle to generate chemical energy. Inspired by the natural photosynthetic scheme, a photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) is constructed configured with protonated graphitic carbon nitride (p‐g‐C3N4) and carbon nanotube hybrid (CNT/p‐g‐C3N4) film cathode, and FeOOH‐deposited bismuth vanadate (FeOOH/BiVO4) photoanode for the production of industrially useful chiral alkanes using an old yellow enzyme homologue from Thermus scotoductus (TsOYE). In the biocatalytic PEC platform, photoexcited electrons provided by the FeOOH/BiVO4 photoanode are transferred to the robust and self‐standing CNT/p‐g‐C3N4 hybrid film that electrocatalytically reduces flavin mononucleotide (FMN) mediator. The p‐g‐C3N4 promotes a two‐electron reduction of FMN coupled with an accelerated electron transfer by the conductive CNT network. The reduced FMN subsequently delivers the electrons to TsOYE for the highly enantioselective conversion of ketoisophorone to (R)‐levodione. Under light illumination (>420 nm) and external bias, (R)‐levodione is synthesized with the enantiomeric excess value of above 83%, not influenced by the scale of applied bias, simultaneously exhibiting stable and high current efficiency. The results suggest that the biocatalytic PEC made up of economical materials can selectively synthesize high‐value organic chemicals using water as an electron donor. 相似文献
2.
Swee Ching Tan Feng Yan Lucy I. Crouch John Robertson Michael R. Jones Mark E. Welland 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(44):5556-5563
The construction of protein‐based photoelectrochemical cells that produce a variety of alternating currents in response to discontinuous illumination is reported. The photovoltaic component is a protein complex from the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides which catalyses photochemical charge separation with a high quantum yield. Photoelectrochemical cells formed from this protein, a mobile redox mediator and a counter electrode formed from cobalt disilicide, titanium nitride, platinum, or multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) generate a direct current during continuous illumination and an alternating current with different characteristics during discontinuous illumination. In particular, the use of superhydrophobic MWCNT as the back electrode results in a near symmetrical forward and reverse current upon light on and light off, respectively. The symmetry of the AC output of these cells is correlated with the wettability of the counter electrode. Potential applications of a hybrid biological/synthetic solar cell capable of generating an approximately symmetrical alternating current are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has been extensively researched in recent years. This research has mainly focussed on C3N4 because types of PCN are quite limited and other types are not easily synthesized. Therefore developing new types of easily‐synthesized PCN beyond C3N4 offers new opportunities. C3N3 has been predicted but it has not been successfully synthesized before. Herein it is prepared in large scale from cheap cyanuric chloride on a copper surface under nonvacuum conditions. The C3N3 has a good photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity for water splitting and can be exfoliated to 2D polymeric films. This breakthrough work not only enlarges the family of PCN, but also opens the door for large‐scale synthesis of other similar C–C bonded 2D conjugated polymers based on Ullmann polymerization. Similar to graphene and C3N4, follow‐up research related to this C3N3 in different fields may emerge in the near future. 相似文献
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Mingxing Wu Mengyao Sun Huawei Zhou Jing‐Yuan Ma Tingli Ma 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(7)
Developing highly effective and stable counter electrode (CE) materials to replace rare and expensive noble metals for dye‐sensitized and perovskite solar cells (DSC and PSC) is a research hotspot. Carbon materials are identified as the most qualified noble metal‐free CEs for the commercialization of the two photovoltaic devices due to their merits of low cost, excellent activity, and superior stability. Herein, carbonaceous CE materials are reviewed extensively with respect to the two devices. For DSC, a classified discussion according to the morphology is presented because electrode properties are closely related to the specific porosity or nanostructure of carbon materials. The pivotal factors influencing the catalytic behavior of carbon CEs are also discussed. For PSC, an overview of the new carbon CE materials is addressed comprehensively. Moreover, the modification techniques to improve the interfacial contact between the perovskite and carbon layers, aiming to enhance the photovoltaic performance, are also demonstrated. Finally, the development directions, main challenges, and coping approaches with respect to the carbon CE in DSC and PSC are stated. 相似文献
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Vera Neves Elena Heister Sara Costa Carmen Tîlmaciu Ewa Borowiak‐Palen Cristina E. Giusca Emmanuel Flahaut Brigitte Soula Helen M. Coley Johnjoe McFadden S. Ravi P. Silva 《Advanced functional materials》2010,20(19):3272-3279
Efforts to develop carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nano‐vehicles for precise and controlled drug and gene delivery, as well as markers for in vivo biomedical imaging, are currently hampered by uncertainties with regard to their cellular uptake, their fate in the body, and their safety. All of these processes are likely to be affected by the purity of CNT preparation, as well as the size and concentration of CNTs used, parameters that are often poorly controlled in biological experiments. It is demonstrated herein that under the experimental conditions of standard transfection methods, DWNTs are taken up by cultured cells but are then released after 24 h with no discernable stress response. The results support the potential therapeutic use of CNTs in many biomedical settings, such as cancer therapy. 相似文献
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Carbon Nanotube Based Inverted Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with All‐Inorganic Charge Contacts
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Qiang Luo He Ma Feng Hao Qinzhi Hou Jing Ren Lili Wu Zhibo Yao Yu Zhou Ning Wang Kaili Jiang Hong Lin Zhanhu Guo 《Advanced functional materials》2017,27(42)
Organolead halide perovskite solar cells (PSC) are arising as promising candidates for next‐generation renewable energy conversion devices. Currently, inverted PSCs typically employ expensive organic semiconductor as electron transport material and thermally deposited metal as cathode (such as Ag, Au, or Al), which are incompatible with their large‐scale production. Moreover, the use of metal cathode also limits the long‐term device stability under normal operation conditions. Herein, a novel inverted PSC employs a SnO2‐coated carbon nanotube (SnO2@CSCNT) film as cathode in both rigid and flexible substrates (substrate/NiO‐perovskite/Al2O3‐perovskite/SnO2@CSCNT‐perovskite). Inverted PSCs with SnO2@CSCNT cathode exhibit considerable enhancement in photovoltaic performance in comparison with the devices without SnO2 coating owing to the significantly reduced charge recombination. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 14.3% can be obtained on rigid substrates while the flexible ones achieve 10.5% efficiency. More importantly, SnO2@CSCNT‐based inverted PSCs exhibit significantly improved stability compared to the standard inverted devices made with silver cathode, retaining over 88% of their original efficiencies after 550 h of full light soaking or thermal stress. The results indicate that SnO2@CSCNT is a promising cathode material for long‐term device operation and pave the way toward realistic commercialization of flexible PSCs. 相似文献
10.
Carbon Nanohybrids: Hydrophilic Nanotube Supported Graphene–Water Dispersible Carbon Superstructure with Excellent Conductivity (Adv. Funct. Mater. 10/2015)
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Vasilios Georgakilas Athanasios Demeslis Evangelos Ntararas Antonios Kouloumpis Konstantinos Dimos Dimitrios Gournis Mikuláš Kocman Michal Otyepka Radek Zbořil 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(10):1473-1473
11.
Self‐Adhesive Macroporous Carbon Electrodes for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
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《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(39)
Carbon electrode are a low‐cost and great potential strategy for stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the efficiency of carbon‐based PSCs lags far behind compared with that of state‐of‐the‐art PSCs. The poor interface contact between the carbon electrode and the underlying layer dominates the performance loss of the reported carbon‐based PSCs. In this respect, a sort of self‐adhesive macroporous carbon film is developed as counter electrode by a room‐temperature solvent‐exchange method. Via a simple press transfer technique, the carbon film can form excellent interface contact with the underlying hole transporting layer, remarkably beneficial to interface charge transfer. A power conversion efficiency of up to 19.2% is obtained for mesoporous‐structure PSCs, which is the best achieved for carbon‐based PSCs. Moreover, the device exhibits greatly improved long‐term stability. It retains over 95% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h storage under ambient atmosphere. Furthermore, after aging for 80 h under illumination and maximum power point in nitrogen atmosphere, the carbon‐based PSC retains over 94% of its initial performance. 相似文献
12.
Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes for Improved Efficiency and Thermal Stability of Polymer–Fullerene Solar Cells
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Teddy Salim Hang‐Woo Lee Lydia Helena Wong Zhenan Bao Yeng Ming Lam 《Advanced functional materials》2016,26(1):51-65
The effects of the incorporation of semiconducting single‐walled nanotubes (sc‐SWNTs) with high purity on the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cell (OSC) based on regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (rr‐P3HT:PCBM) are reported for the first time. The sc‐SWNTs induce the organization of the polymer phase, which is evident from the increase in crystallite size, the red‐shifted absorption characteristics and the enhanced hole mobility. By incorporating sc‐SWNTs, OSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 4% can be achieved, which is ≈8% higher than our best control device. A novel application of sc‐SWNTs in improving the thermal stability of BHJ OSCs is also demonstrated. After heating at 150 °C for 9 h, it is observed that the thermal stability of rr‐P3HT:PCBM devices improves by more than fivefold with inclusion of sc‐SWNTs. The thermal stability enhancement is attributed to a more suppressed phase separation, as shown by the remarkable decrease in the formation of sizeable crystals, which in turn can be the outcome of a more controlled crystallization of the blend materials on the nanotubes. 相似文献
13.
Longyan Yuan Yuting Tao Jian Chen Junjie Dai Ting Song Mingyue Ruan Zongwei Ma Li Gong Kang Liu Xianghui Zhang Xuejiao Hu Jun Zhou Zhong Lin Wang 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(11):2150-2154
Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are grown on flexible carbon fabric via a simple and low‐cost flame synthesis process. The entire struture of the carbon fabric substrate retains its high flexibility after the growth of CNPs and can even be rolled‐up and twisted to a large degree without affecting the electric characteristics. No appreciable changes in the conductance can be observed under different bending curvatures after hundreds of bending cycles. The thermal conductivity of the carbon fabric with CNPs is about 2.34 W m?1 K?1, about one order of magnitude higher than that of most polymer substrates. The field emitter fabricated using the structure has a low threshold electric field of around 2.8 V μm?1, and a high field emission current density of 108 mA cm?2, which is about two to four orders of magnitude higher than that of most polymer substrate‐based flexible CNT field emitters. These results indicate that CNPs on carbon fabric have potential applications in flexible electronics devices and displays. 相似文献
14.
Riccardo Marega Federica De Leo Florent Pineux Jacopo Sgrignani Alessandra Magistrato Anil Damodar Naik Yann Garcia Lionel Flamant Carine Michiels Davide Bonifazi 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(25):3173-3184
With the aim to design addressable magnetically‐active carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for cancer treatment, the use of Fe‐filled CNTs (Fe@MWCNTs) as multifunctional scaffolds is reported for exohedrally anchoring a monoclonal antibody (mAb) known to bind a plasma membrane receptor over‐expressed in several cancer cells (EGFR). Comprehensive microscopic (transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy) and spectroscopic (Raman, 57Fe Mossbauer, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction) characterizations reveal the efficient confinement of magnetically‐active Fe phases (α‐Fe and Fe3C), while compositional evaluations through XPS, thermogravimetric analysis and gel electrophoresis confirm that mAb immobilization onto Fe@MWCNTs occurs. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), confocal microscopy imaging and western blotting confirm the targeting action toward EGFR‐overexpressing cell lines (EGFR+). In vitro magnetic filtration experiments demonstrate that a selective removal of EGFR+ cells from a mixed population of healthy cell lines could be obtained in very short times (≈10 min). Cytotoxicity evaluations by classic cell staining procedures after application of an electromagnetic radiation inducing magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), show a selective suppression of the EGFR+ cell line. Molecular dynamics and docking simulations of the hybrid mAb/Fe@MWCNTs conjugates nicely show how the presence of the CNT framework does not sterically affect the conformational properties of the two antigen binding regions, further supporting the biochemical findings. 相似文献
15.
Perovskite Solar Cells: All‐Carbon‐Electrode‐Based Endurable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 11/2018)
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Qiang Luo He Ma Qinzhi Hou Yingxiang Li Jing Ren Xuezeng Dai Zhibo Yao Yu Zhou Lichen Xiang Huayun Du Hongcai He Ning Wang Kaili Jiang Hong Lin Huaiwu Zhang Zhanhu Guo 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(11)
16.
Xavier Lepró Raquel Ovalle‐Robles Márcio D. Lima Ana Laura Elías Mauricio Terrones Ray H. Baughman 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(5):1069-1075
The treatment of free‐standing sheets of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with a NH3/He plasma results in self‐supporting sheets of aligned N‐doped MWNTs (CNx). These CNx sheets can be easily twist spun in the solid state to provide strong CNx yarns that are knottable, weavable, and sewable. The CNx yarns exhibit tunable catalytic activity for electrochemically driven oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), as well as specific capacitances (up to 39 F·g?1) that are 2.6 times higher than for the parent MWNTs. Due to a high degree of nanotube alignment, the CNx yarns exhibit specific strengths (451 ± 61 MPa·cm3·g?1) that are three times larger than observed for hybrid CNx/MWNT biscrolled yarns containing 70 wt.% CNx in the form of a powder. This difference in mechanical strength arises from substantial differences in yarn morphology, revealed by electron microscopy imaging of yarn cross‐ sections, as well as the absence of a significant strength contribution from CNx nanotubes in the biscrolled yarns. Finally, the chemical nature and abundance of the incorporated nitrogen within the CNx nanotubes is studied as function of plasma exposure and annealing processes using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and correlated with catalytic activity. 相似文献
17.
Efficiency Enhancement of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube‐Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Microwave‐Exfoliated Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus
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Munkhjargal Bat‐Erdene Munkhbayar Batmunkh Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik Marco Fronzi Michael J. Ford Cameron J. Shearer LePing Yu Mahnaz Dadkhah Jason R. Gascooke Christopher T. Gibson Joseph G. Shapter 《Advanced functional materials》2017,27(48)
Carbon nanotube‐silicon (CNT‐Si)‐based heterojunction solar cells (HJSCs) are a promising photovoltaic (PV) system. Herein, few‐layer black phosphorus (FL‐BP) sheets are produced in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) using microwave‐assisted liquid‐phase exfoliation and introduced into the CNTs‐Si‐based HJSCs for the first time. The NMP‐based FL‐BP sheets remain stable after mixing with aqueous CNT dispersion for device fabrication. Due to their unique 2D structure and p‐type dominated conduction, the FL‐BP/NMP incorporated CNT‐Si devices show an impressive improvement in the power conversion efficiency from 7.52% (control CNT‐Si cell) to 9.37%. Our density‐functional theory calculation reveals that lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of FL‐BP is higher in energy than that of single‐walled CNT. Therefore, we observed a reduction in the orbitals localized on FL‐BP upon highest occupied molecular orbital to LUMO transition, which corresponds to an improved charge transport. This study opens a new avenue in utilizing 2D phosphorene nanosheets for next‐generation PVs. 相似文献
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Xiong Li Linfeng Liu Guanghui Liu Yaoguang Rong Ying Yang Heng Wang Zhiliang Ku Mi Xu Cheng Zhong Hongwei Han 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(26):3344-3352
A new class of organic sulfide mediators with programmable redox properties is designed via density functional theory calculations and synthesized for efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Photophysical and electrochemical properties of these mediators derived from systematical functionalization of the framework with electron donating and withdrawing groups (MeO, Me, H, Cl, CF3, and NO2) are investigated. With this new class of organic mediators, the redox potential can be fine‐tuned over a 170 mV range, overlapping the conventional I?/I3?couple. Due to the suitable interplay of physical properties and electrochemical characteristics of the mediator involving electron‐donating MeO group, the DSCs based on this mediator behave excellently in various kinetic processes such as dye regeneration, electron recombination, and mass transport. Thus, the MeO derivative of the mediator is identified as having the best performance of this series of redox shuttles. As inferred from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements, the addition of graphene into the normal carbon counter electrode material dramatically improves the apparent catalytic activity of the counter electrode towards the MeO derivative of mediator, resulting in N719 based DSCs showing a promising conversion efficiency of 6.53% under 100 mW·cm?2 simulated sunlight illumination. 相似文献
20.
Polymer Solar Cells: Incorporating Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C3N4) Quantum Dots into Bulk‐Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Leads to Efficiency Enhancement (Adv. Funct. Mater. 11/2016)
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Xiang Chen Qing Liu Qiliang Wu Pingwu Du Jun Zhu Songyuan Dai Shangfeng Yang 《Advanced functional materials》2016,26(11):1851-1851