含MnO高炉型钛渣表面粘度和体相粘度的测定

本文用较严格的实验方法，研究测定了在中性、还原条件下ＭｎＯ－ＴｉＯ２－ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＭｇＯ六元渣系的表面粘度和体相粘度值。详细考察了各组成分对炉渣性质的影响。实验结果表明：无论在中性还是在还原条件下，渣中ＭｎＯ含量增加、碱度（ＣａＯ／ＳｉＯ２）提高、碱度（ＣａＯ／ＳｉＯ２）提高，可使炉渣的表面粘度、体相粘度降低。在中性条件下，渣中ＴｉＯ２含量的增加，可使炉渣的表面粘度、体相粘度降低     

钒,钛氧化物的还原对高炉渣,铁温度的影响

冶炼钒钛磁铁矿高炉的渣－铁界面存在着部分钒氧化物以及钛氧化物的还原，这些还原反应造成了上，下渣成分和温度的差异，多次对高炉上，下渣和铁水温度及尬发的测定和分析结果表明，渣－铁界面的还原反应导致下渣中Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）含量比上渣中高０．２％＝－０．３％，低价钛（ＴｉＯ＋Ｔｉ２Ｏ３）含量比上渣中约高０．３％－０．４％。同时这些反应还导致上，下渣温度不均匀，上渣温度比下渣温度约高２５℃，下渣温度比铁水温度约     

包钢高炉渣含氟和碱金属限量的实验研究

实验表明，包钢高炉渣中氟和碱金属含量严重影响炉渣的冶金性能，其中ＣａＦ２占主层地位。渣中ＣａＦ２和（Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎｓ２Ｏ）分别降至２．５２％和０．１９％左右时，炉渣粘度和熔化性温度就可接近普通炉渣的水平。将渣中ＣａＦ２降至２．５２５以下，对提高包钢高炉渣的表面张力才会有明显效果。     

VOD精炼1Cr18Ni9Ti钢Ti收得率的探讨

本文论述了炉渣碱度、渣中（Ｃｒ２Ｏ３）含量、加Ｔｉ前的温度及Ｔｉ－Ｆｅ粒度等对ＶＯＤ精炼１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ钢Ｔｉ的收得率的影响。     

MnO－TiO_2渣系热力学计算模型

根据炉渣结构的共存理论以及相图，确定了ＭｎＯ－ＴｉＯ＿２渣系的结构单元为Ｍｎ￣（２＋），Ｏ￣（２－）简单离子和ＴｉＯ＿２，２ＭｎＯ·ＴｉＯ＿２，ＭｎＯ·ＴｉＯ＿２分子，进而推导了本渣系的热力学计算模型。研究结果表明，在１５００℃和１５５０℃两温度下，计算的Ｎ＿（ＭｎＯ）与实测的α＿（ＭｎＯ）完全一致，从而证明了该模型的正确性。本文进一步计算了△Ｈ￣Ｍ，△Ｇ￣Ｍ随渣系组成的变化规律。     

CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-FetO-MnO-P2O5渣系中FetO和MnO活度的测定和研究

利用渣－钢热力学平衡研究了ＣａＯ－Ｍｇｏ－ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＦｅｔＯ－ＭｎＯ－Ｐ２Ｏ５渣系对钢水二次氧化的行为。得到了渣中ＦｅｔＯ活度的近似表达式。在固定ＦｅｔＯ摩尔分数的条件下,ＦｅｔＯ的活度系数在炉渣碱度（ＮＣａＯ＋ＮＭｇＯ＋ＮＭｎＯ）／（ＮＳｉＯ２＋ＮＡｌ２Ｏ３＋Ｎｐ２Ｏ５）达到２．５左右时出事最大值;而ＭｎＯ的活度系数则随碱度的增加逐渐增大。γＦｅｔＯ（Ｌ）在ＮＦｅｔＯ固定时,随渣中（     

VOD精炼1Cr18Ni9Ti钢Ti收得率的探讨

本文论述了炉渣碱度、渣中（Ｃｒ２Ｏ３）含量、加钛铁前的温度及Ｆｅ－Ｔｉ粒度等对ＶＯＤ精炼１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ钢Ｔｉ的收得率的影响。     

模拟高富氧喷煤对钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼中Ti,Si,V等元素行为的影响

高炉进行全钒钛磁铁矿冶炼的难点是高钛型炉渣及铁水变稠，从而带来铁水粘罐，铁损大，脱硫效果差等。其原因是ＴｉＯ２的过还原，生成了熔点极高的ＴｉＣ，ＴｉＮ，高度弥散分布于液态渣中。又由于其亲液性，形成状液。按现有生产技术水平，钒钛磁铁精矿含ＴｉＯ２１３．５％，不能单独用来炼铁，必须配加普通矿，使高炉炉渣中ＴｉＯ２含量在２４％以下。本文报告了在试验室高富氧喷煤条件下，对全钒钛磁铁矿冶炼，由于ＣＯ分压的升     

碳饱和铁液与CaO—SiO2—TiO2系熔渣间TiO2的还原

实验研究了碳饱和铁液与ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＴｉＯ２（％ＴｉＯ２）＜１８）系熔渣间（ＴｉＯ２）的还原速度，同时考察了初渣碱度，温度对（ＴｉＯ２）还原速度的影响，研究结果表明：在本实验体系中，在初渣碱度Ｂ＝（％ＣａＯ）／（％ＳｉＯ２）＝０．５４－１．５范围内，随着碱度的升高，（ＴｉＯ２）的还原速度加快，而温度的提高也能加快（ＴｉＯ２）的还原速度。建立了在该实验体系中（ＴｉＯ２）被铁液中的溶解碳还原的速度     

未燃煤粉对高钛炉渣性能的影响

利用高温熔滴炉模拟高炉滴落带,研究未燃煤粉（ＵＰＣ）对高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿过程中钛渣的形成和滴落过程的影响。结果表明：①料层中ＵＰＣ还原ＴｉＯ２生成的ＴｉＣ、ＴｉＮ等极易粘附在焦炭表面,从而改变了渣、焦的界面性质,这有利于炉渣的滴落。随着料层中ＵＰＣ量的加大,高钛炉渣滴落量增加,但是对于普通炉渣却得到相反的结论;②滴落渣的粘度均低于攀钢现场渣的粘度,但随着滴落渣中碳含量的加大,炉渣粘度增加、熔化性温度升高     

SiO2-TiO2-CaO-MgO-FeO-MnO渣系与脱钛过程铁水中Ti-Si平衡热力学模型

 为降低铁水中钛含量,采用烧结矿或球团矿进行铁水包脱钛预处理。基于共存理论,采用Matlab编程软件,建立了铁水包脱钛典型渣系SiO2-TiO2-CaO-MgO-FeO-MnO中TiO2活度计算模型。结果表明,随着MgO、FeO、MnO摩尔分数和炉渣碱度的增大,脱钛渣中TiO2活度下降;随着TiO2摩尔分数的增大,TiO2活度提高。脱钛终点铁水中的钛含量与硅含量呈线性关系,其斜率受温度、铁水成分以及炉渣中SiO2和TiO2活度的影响。计算结果与试验结果及实际生产数据十分吻合。     

含铌铁水中碳和硅的氧化规律

 为了研究铌在铁水吹氧冶炼过程中的氧化规律，在中频炉内进行了加入碱度分别为0.538和1.5的CaO-SiO2-Al2O3系造渣剂和不加渣的含铌铁水底吹氧气的冶炼试验。铁水温度为1 550 ℃时，研究了含铌铁水中硅、碳和铌的氧化规律，并利用FactSage软件进行了不同温度与不同碱度的造渣剂和无渣氧化铁水中各元素的热力学平衡计算。结果表明，高温吹炼使铁水中的碳优先于铁水中的硅氧化，而低温吹炼则促进铁水中硅优先于碳氧化；降低造渣剂碱度促进铁水中碳氧化、抑制硅氧化，碳和硅的氧化转化温度为1 490 ℃；在吹氧冶炼终点，加入碱度为1.5的造渣剂，铁水中硅质量分数下降到0.138%时，铌开始氧化减少，而加入碱度为0.538的造渣剂，铁水中碳质量分数下降到0.61%，硅质量分数升高到0.56%，铌质量分数不变，因此含铌铁水可通过加入低碱度造渣剂高温吹氧冶炼为含铌钢水。     

Analysis of titanium distribution behaviour in vanadium-containing titanomagnetite smelting blast furnace

The operating data of a commercial vanadium-containing titanomagnetite smelting blast furnace (BF) have been examined over a period of one year. The liquidus temperatures and viscosities of a large number of slags were calculated by using the software Multi-Phase Equilibrium. The results show that both the slag liquidus temperature and hot metal temperature of the BF were 60 K lower than that of conventional BF operation, while both slags had similar viscosity. The correlations between the Ti distribution of hot metal and slag and the operating temperature, and hot metal and slag chemistry were analysed. Ti distribution ratio increases with increasing temperature and carbon content in hot metal. The Ti distribution calculated based on a slag/hot metal equilibrium model gave reasonably good agreement with plant measurements. This suggests that the slag and hot metal phases were close to equilibrium in the furnace hearth. A sensitivity analysis showed that temperature and C content has a significant influence on the Ti distribution ratio. The effect of slag chemistry on the Ti distribution is insignificant. Lowering of the operating temperature and carbon in hot metal can help reducing the Ti distribution into the hot metal, hence reducing the formation of Ti(C,N).     

Solidification Properties of CaO-SiO2-TiO2 Based Mold Fluxes

 In continuous casting of peritectic steel grades sensitive to longitudinal cracking, the solidification properties of mold fluxes play an important role in keeping smooth running of continuous casting process and achieving high surface quality of casting strands. To reduce fluorine pollution in molten slag, types of CaO-SiO2-TiO2 (CTS) based mold fluxes were investigated. The solidification and crystallization properties, including viscosity η at 1573 K, break temperature Tbr, crystallization ratio Rc and solidification mineragraphy were measured, which were compared with those of CaO-SiO2-CaF2 based mold fluxes. The experiments show that there are unstable viscosity-high temperature properties and high Tbr in part of CTS slag system, which are bad for lubrication between liquid flux film and strand. And when temperature is below Tbr, the viscosities change slowly during cooling in some part of this slag system, which imply that liquid mold fluxes solidify slowly and it is easy to cause surface longitudinal cracks on strand. Major mineragraphy of the CaO-SiO2-TiO2 based mold fluxes are CaO·TiO2 or CaO·TiO2 and CaO·SiO2·TiO2. TiN and Ti(C,N) can be formed in mold fluxes bearing high TiO2 during the continuous casting.     

高炉钛矿护炉规律的研究

 通过热力学计算,讨论了影响高熔点Ti(C,N)在炉内沉积的因素以及可能导致钛矿护炉效果不佳的原因。结果表明,铁水中的硅含量限制了铁水中的钛含量（w(［Ti］)≤0.2w(［Si］)）,所以控制适合的冶炼温度促进渣中TiO2还原的同时还要提高铁水中的硅含量,以保证铁水中有足够的钛;另一方面,要通过降低侵蚀炭砖表面温度来降低钛的溶解度,促进侵蚀部位铁水中钛的析出。通过钛平衡计算得知,护炉时需要长期加入含钛炉料,使得含钛保护层脱落后能在短时间内迅速形成。     

含钛高炉渣制备甲醛吸附剂的研究

鉴于高炉渣中含有具有良好光催化降解作用的TiO2,且来源廉价广泛,因此研究如何高效合理地利用含钛高炉渣便成为必然。采用分析纯盐酸,在室温条件下对含钛高炉渣进行不同时间的酸浸处理,并进行比表面积、SEM扫描电镜、EDS能谱及甲醛吸附性能的测试。结果表明:酸浸处理后吸附剂表面为多孔结构,吸附剂比表面积由4.56 m2/g增大到105.35 m2/g,可用作甲醛的吸附剂;随酸浸时间的延长,吸附剂中Ti的含量由15.33%增加到最高31.39%,折算为TiO2的含量为39.6%,即酸浸处理可使含钛高炉渣中的TiO2富集。其中,酸浸时间为5 h的样品获得比表面积105.35 m2/g、TiO2含量34.7%,甲醛吸附能力达0.36 mg/g,是市场销售活性炭吸附能力(0.12 mg/g)的3倍。     

高炉CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2渣与铁液间硫分配比的热力学模型

 炉渣离子与分子共存理论认为,CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2渣中结构单元或离子对的作用浓度能够像传统意义上的熔渣活度一样表征化学反应能力。通过建立1773K时高炉CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2渣中结构单元或离子对的作用浓度控制方程,运用Matlab进行求解,进而建立了该渣系计算渣铁间硫分配比的通用热力学模型。此外,该模型能够定量计算出CaO和MgO各自对渣铁间硫分配比的热力学贡献率。建立的模型的计算结果表明,当TiO2含量增加时渣铁间硫分配比及CaO的热力学贡献率逐渐降低,而MgO的贡献率逐渐上升。     

含钛高炉渣铁侵蚀炉衬的显微结构分析

对含钛高炉渣，铁显微结构的研究表明，攀钢高炉随冶炼强度的提高，炉渣组成发生变化，渣中TiC,TiN,Ti(C,N)含量减少，影响护炉效果，含钒钛的铁水中含有TiC,TiN,Ti(C,N),对护炉起着很大作用，因此钒钛矿护炉不单是含钛渣完成的，也有含钒钛铁水的作用。     

100t 转炉留渣双渣法冶炼高硅高磷铁水试验

针对钢厂铁水硅和磷含量较高的特点,采用转炉留渣双渣冶炼工艺以获得稳定的铁水脱磷率。吹炼3 min后加入石灰和污泥球等造渣材料,供氧强度0～3 min时为2.5m³/（t·min）,3～4.5 min时为3.2m³/（t·min）,温度控制在约1320℃。转炉一次倒渣后,继续吹炼,加入后期造渣料,待一氧化碳体积分数稳定时,适当提高氧枪枪位,促进化渣,并进行终点碳控制。试验结果表明:脱磷期铁水平均脱磷率为58.09%,脱碳期钢水平均脱磷率为85.56%;当半钢温度为1320℃炉渣碱度为2.0,炉渣TFe含量为18%时,在脱磷期能获得较好的铁水脱磷效果;当转炉钢水一倒温度为1580℃,终渣碱度为3.5,炉渣TFe含量为20%时,在脱碳期能够获得较好的脱磷效果;转炉终点[P]_e/[P]_r为0.90;试验中得到脱磷期和脱碳期炉渣的岩相组成适合铁水脱磷。     

Development of Slag Recycling Process in Hot Metal Desulfurization with Mechanical Stirring

In order to develop an environment‐friendly steelmaking process, a slag recycling process for hot metal desulfurization by mechanical stirring was designed. The process was developed with 70 kg‐scale hot metal experiments and actual plant tests. The recycled slag has a 70% desulfurization ability compared with that of virgin flux (CaO‐5%CaF₂). The lower efficiency of the recycled slag was caused by SiO₂ contamination carried over from the previous process. There is no particular size requirement for the recycled slag, as the effect of the recycled slag size on the desulfurization ability is small. The ratio of CaO in the recycled slag to total CaO should be less than 60% in order to prevent an increase in the amount of slag. Slag recycling operation can be repeated more than twice when the optimum conditions are applied. The slag recycling process was established in an industrial operation, and consumption of desulfurization flux decreased by 40% with the process compared with that without slag recycling. Slag hot recycling was adopted at another plant where consumption of desulfurization flux decreased by 50% compared to operation without slag recycling. The positive effect of hot slag recycling is estimated to be a result of the temperature of the recycled slag.