45Cr2NiMoVSi钢马氏体—贝氏体复合组织的高温强韧性

大截面热作模具钢45Cr2NiMoVSi经常规油淬和不同温度等温淬火处理后,可获得单相马氏体组织,马氏体+40%下贝氏体复合组织和马氏体+41%变态贝氏体复合组织,再分别经300℃、650℃回火,结果均出现高温脆性现象。对于300℃回火的试样,高温脆性温度为400℃;而对于650℃回火,高温脆性温度则为500℃。当试验温度低于600℃,复合组织的强度与韧性的配合优于单相马氏体组织。     

回火温度对轧后直接水淬15CrMoV钢组织和力学性能的影响

试验用钢15CrMoV(%:0.15C、0.29Si、0.57Mn、1.01 Cr、0.37Mo、0.24V)16 mm板材的终轧温度为900～950℃,轧后在880～900℃水淬,并经670～800℃回火。结果表明,试验钢在线淬火后的组织为马氏体+贝氏体,随回火温度升高,钢中碳化物析出量增加,贝氏体板条束逐渐合并和减少,最终转化为碳化物+多边形铁素体组织;在730～780℃回火,15CrMoV钢具有良好的综合力学性能,抗拉强度680～760 MPa,冲击功55～130 J。     

淬火介质对30CrMo钢组织性能的影响

文章针对气瓶用无缝管标准中30Cr Mo钢种,实验室进行了水淬和油淬两种不同热处理工艺研究,对比分析两种热处理工艺分别对钢中组织及性能的影响,实验结果表明:试验钢采用水淬工艺热处理后,材料的组织及力学性能均满足标准要求;当采用油淬工艺,淬火组织为贝氏体+少量马氏体组织,高温回火后材料的力学性能不能满足标准要求。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-strength Micro-deformation Steel GDL-1

对一种新型高强韧微变形钢(GDL-1)在七种热处理状态下的显微组织与力学性能进行了分析.结果表明,该钢在900℃保温1h空冷回火后的显微组织以窄束状贝氏体+粒状贝氏体为主加少量马氏体,而油淬回火后的组织为回火马氏体;910℃加热奥氏体化1h的晶粒度普遍在8～9级.在低温回火温度范围内,随着回火温度的升高,冲击韧性逐渐增大,屈服强度逐渐降低,硬度变化不大.     

大直径锻造耐磨钢球热处理工艺的优化

通过对淬火温度、自回火温度和贝氏体等温转变时间对大直径锻造钢球的硬度、冲击韧性以及组织的影响的研究,对比分析了不同热处理工艺的微观组织和性能的关系.研究结果表明:锻后空冷利用余热淬火时,较优淬火温度为750℃;淬火后自回火温度较高时,钢球芯部马氏体/下贝氏体复相组织中贝氏体组织含量较高且硬度较低,为了保证淬火后钢球具有高硬度及自回火的过程,则较优自回火温度为160℃;随着贝氏体等温转变时间的延长,贝氏体含量及冲击韧性显著提高,当贝氏体等温转变时间超过110 s时,硬度明显降低,即贝氏体较优等温转变时间为110 s.与常规淬回火相比,可得到钢球组织和性能的较优匹配,综合性能优于淬回火处理.     

回火对Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢组织性能的影响

研究了淬火后不同温度回火对Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢显微组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,采用淬火后回火的工艺可以显著提高Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢的强度和塑性.淬火后300℃回火与350℃回火,该钢的力学性能相差不大,而450℃回火后强度、硬度相对较低,韧塑性略有提高.组织观察表明,该钢为贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体(片状和块状M-A岛)的复合组织,适当温度回火可以促进块状M-A岛分解,增加板条铁素体含量,提高残余奥氏体的机械稳定性,进而稳定其组织性能..     

45Cr2NiMoVSi钢马氏体贝氏体复合组织的热磨损性能

通过对45Cr2NiMoVSi 钢进行常规油淬和等温淬火处理,获得单相马氏体组织和马氏体贝氏体复合组织。本文选用单相马氏体组织、马氏体 40%下贝氏体复合组织和马氏体 41%变态贝氏体复合组织经300℃、650℃回火,进行冲击热磨损试验。结果表明,无论是300℃回火还是650℃回火,复合组织尤其是马氏体变态贝氏体复合组织的抗热磨损性能优于单相马氏体组织。     

gdl-1钢不同热处理状态下的显微组织与力学性能

对一种新型高强韧微变形钢(GDL-1)在七种热处理状态下的显微组织与力学性能进行了分析。结果表明,该钢在900℃保温1 h空冷回火后的显微组织以窄束状贝氏体+粒状贝氏体为主加少量马氏体,而油淬回火后的组织为回火马氏体;910℃加热奥氏体化1 h的晶粒度普遍在8～9级。在低温回火温度范围内,随着回火温度的升高,冲击韧性逐渐增大,屈服强度逐渐降低,硬度变化不大。     

P20塑料模具钢预硬化热处理工艺的研究

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜和维氏硬度计,对P20塑料模具钢进行了显微组织观察和硬度测定,研究了在淬火温度、淬火介质、回火温度等不同预硬化热处理工艺参数条件下得到的组织及其硬度变化规律。结果表明:随着回火温度升高,水淬和空淬钢组织中的板条马氏体和贝氏体逐渐减少,铁素体增加并长大,碳化物增多,硬度逐渐降低,板条间的薄片状M/A组元、铁素体中较高的位错密度以及细小碳化物保证了水淬钢在620℃回火时具有较高的硬度,最终确定了保证该钢种最佳预硬化效果的工艺参数。     

等温处理对中碳超高强度弹簧钢组织与力学性能的影响

研究了等温处理对中碳超高强度弹簧钢组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,在325～375℃等温可以获得无碳化物贝氏体/马氏体复相组织;奥氏体化温度对贝氏体/马氏体复相组织的影响很大,从875℃升高到930℃,强度升高,但其塑性、冲击韧性和断裂韧性显著降低.试验范围内,在875℃保温30 min,325℃等温120 s油淬后,在300℃进行回火处理2 h,可获得强韧性配合良好的贝氏体/马氏体复相组织,其断裂韧性KIC值为83MPa·m1/2,是相同强度水平下常规淬火回火马氏体组织的1.5倍.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.