淬火-配分马氏体钢的组织特征

淬火-配分(Quenching and Partitioning,简称QP)工艺是针对马氏体钢提出的热处理新工艺。利用QP工艺处理40Si2Ni2钢,并通过扫描电镜观察其微观组织特征。结果表明,与传统淬火+回火工艺得到的组织不同,QP组织为低碳(回火态)和高碳马氏体(淬火态)共存,其中高碳马氏体呈现为有规则几何形状、边界清晰、无析出物析出的块状组织,淬火温度(QT)对高碳马氏体(淬火态)量有影响。     

淬火介质对30CrMo钢组织性能的影响

文章针对气瓶用无缝管标准中30Cr Mo钢种,实验室进行了水淬和油淬两种不同热处理工艺研究,对比分析两种热处理工艺分别对钢中组织及性能的影响,实验结果表明:试验钢采用水淬工艺热处理后,材料的组织及力学性能均满足标准要求;当采用油淬工艺,淬火组织为贝氏体+少量马氏体组织,高温回火后材料的力学性能不能满足标准要求。     

水淬入口温度对冷轧马氏体钢组织性能的影响

以C-Mn-Si系冷轧马氏体钢为研究对象,通过光学电镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜对不同水淬入口温度的试验钢进行组织观察,研究分析不同水淬入口温度对马氏体钢微观组织及力学性能的影响.试验发现,水淬入口温度直接影响成品带钢的马氏体生成量,随着水淬入口温度的升高,马氏体生成量增加,屈服强度及抗拉强度升高,延伸率降低.不同水淬入口温度下试验钢拉伸试样均为韧性断裂,750℃时可得到组织为全马氏体的马氏体钢,抗拉强度可达到1500 MPa以上.     

45Cr2NiMoVSi钢马氏体—贝氏体复合组织的高温强韧性

大截面热作模具钢45Cr2NiMoVSi经常规油淬和不同温度等温淬火处理后,可获得单相马氏体组织,马氏体+40%下贝氏体复合组织和马氏体+41%变态贝氏体复合组织,再分别经300℃、650℃回火,结果均出现高温脆性现象。对于300℃回火的试样,高温脆性温度为400℃;而对于650℃回火,高温脆性温度则为500℃。当试验温度低于600℃,复合组织的强度与韧性的配合优于单相马氏体组织。     

齿轮齿根的淬硬层深度研究

研究了齿轮的整体高频淬火工艺,通过不同的淬火时间(分别为12 s和17 s)获得了不同的硬化层.利用显微硬度计测出了齿轮齿根不同厚度的硬度,绘制出了硬度变化规律曲线,并根据经验公式分别测算得到了它们的淬硬层深度.同时利用扫描电镜(SEM)对齿根的淬硬层部分进行了显微组织观察,发现不同的淬火时间在硬化层处获得了不同的淬火组织,淬火时间12 s组织为马氏体+铁素体+残余奥氏体,淬火时间为17 s组织为马氏体+极少量针状铁素体+残余奥氏体,后者组织更均匀,强度更高,因此工艺更理想.     

差温热处理工艺对Cr5钢摩擦磨损性能的影响

 运用扫描电镜观察Cr5钢在不同淬火温度下的显微组织,通过洛氏硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机分析淬火温度对Cr5钢摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：Cr5钢淬火后的基体组织是马氏体,基体上会分布有未溶碳化物。随着淬火温度提升,未溶碳化物逐渐减少,淬火组织逐渐均匀化,但淬火温度达到一定值(1 050～990 ℃)时,碳化物基本溶解完全,组织较均匀,硬度值最大,为54.7HRC,磨损失重量最小,磨损表面相对较平整,耐磨性相对较好;继续升高淬火温度,马氏体组织粗大化,使得硬度有所降低,耐磨性下降。     

回火温度对轧后直接水淬15CrMoV钢组织和力学性能的影响

试验用钢15CrMoV(%:0.15C、0.29Si、0.57Mn、1.01 Cr、0.37Mo、0.24V)16 mm板材的终轧温度为900～950℃,轧后在880～900℃水淬,并经670～800℃回火。结果表明,试验钢在线淬火后的组织为马氏体+贝氏体,随回火温度升高,钢中碳化物析出量增加,贝氏体板条束逐渐合并和减少,最终转化为碳化物+多边形铁素体组织;在730～780℃回火,15CrMoV钢具有良好的综合力学性能,抗拉强度680～760 MPa,冲击功55～130 J。     

淬火温度对超高强海工钢屈强比的影响

为了研究淬火温度对超高强海工钢EH690屈强比的影响,开展了淬火+回火工艺试验,并对试验钢的力学性能及显微组织进行检验和观察分析.结果 表明:试验钢在淬火温度不同而回火温度相同的情况下,随着淬火温度的降低,屈强比逐渐降低,尤其在经过840℃淬火后,屈强比较低并同时具有良好的力学性能,微观组织为回火马氏体+针状铁素体双相...     

热处理对Cr8Mo2WSiV工模具钢组织和性能的影响

试验了淬、回火温度对成分为(％)：0．95C，0．93Si，7．94Cr，1．93Mo，0．92W，0．25V的工模具钢Cr8Mo2WSiV的组织和硬度的影响。结果表明Cr8Mo2WSiV钢1050℃淬火组织为马氏体、块粒状碳化物和少量残余奥氏体，1050℃淬火，520℃回火后，钢的HRC硬度值可达63，并具有较好的韧性。     

冷却速度对TC2钛合金板材β淬火组织的影响

通过水淬+空冷复合的方式,实现了在一个试样上淬火的冷却速度从水淬到空冷的不同,进而研究了冷却速度对TC2钛合金板材β淬火组织的影响。结果表明,β淬火时冷却速度不同,使得淬火后合金的金相组织存在较大的差别,进而对成品板材的组织产生影响。TC2合金板在热轧过程中获得了球状-纤维状的混合显微组织,水淬+空冷复合试样的水淬部分均发生马氏体转变,但转变的进程有所不同,水淬+空冷复合试样的空冷部分均为片状组织,随着冷却速度的降低,α片丛明显长大,α片宽度变大。淬火的延迟会导致板材显微组织不均匀。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.