高强度高韧性Cr-Mo-V球扁钢的回火工艺

针对高强度高韧性Cr-Mo-V球扁钢热处理工艺繁琐,粒状贝氏体无法充分分解的问题,采用金相显微镜、SEM、TEM等检测方法研究了不同回火温度、不同回火时间对其组织与性能的影响。结果表明,通过600℃以上高温回火,并保温2h以上,可使试验钢中处于亚稳态的粒状贝氏体发生回复,向准多边形铁素体组织转变,原始组织中大尺寸、长条状的M-A岛发生分解,转化为粒状M-A岛;随着回火温度的升高,可进一步分解试验钢中的粒状贝氏体,使其颗粒更细,分布更弥散,显著提高了钢的低温韧性,获得了良好的综合性能。对于本试验钢,最佳热处理工艺为660~680℃回火,回火保温时间为3.0~3.5h。     

热轧贝氏体双相钢中组织对性能的影响

通过超快冷工艺试验,得到了强韧性较好的热轧贝氏体双相钢,研究了双相钢中组织对性能的影响。研究结果表明,试验钢由贝氏体与铁素体组成,其抗拉强度可达到501 MPa,伸长率在34%左右。试验钢良好的机械性能与贝氏体组织有关,硬相贝氏体含量过多和珠光体均会恶化扩孔性能,大量的多边形铁素体和准多边形铁素体有效地提高了双相钢抗延迟断裂的能力,有利于试验钢伸长率和扩孔率的提高。     

热处理工艺对80 kg水电站用钢组织性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、拉伸试验机和低温冲击韧性试验机研究了热处理工艺对80 kg水电站用钢组织性能的影响,分析了试验钢在不同淬火温度和回火温度下微观组织的变化规律,讨论了试验钢在不同热处理状态下力学性能变化规律。结果表明:试验钢在较低温度下淬火得到粒状贝氏体组织,随着淬火温度的提高,逐渐转变为板条贝氏体组织。试验钢淬火后采用不同温度高温回火,淬火时形成的位错出现合并、重组并消失,淬火内应力得到释放,随着回火温度的升高,板条状组织出现了合并长大,铁素体数量增加,逐渐向多边形铁素体转变。同时,屈服强度呈现先升高后降低的现象,在630℃达到最大值;抗拉强度则是单边下降,当回火温度达到650℃时,抗拉强度出现了不合格现象,延伸率和-40℃低温冲击韧性值在回火阶段显著提高,综合对比认为较好的淬火温度可以选择900～930℃,回火温度可以选择600～630℃。     

热处理工艺对100mm特厚07MnCrMoVR水电钢板组织性能的影响

对07MnCrMoR水电钢板的淬透性曲线进行了测定,利用淬火机和热处理炉对100 mm厚试验钢板进行了淬火和回火试验,并对试验钢进行了组织观察和力学性能测定。结果表明,随着试验钢距水冷端的距离增大,淬火组织由马氏体转变为粒状贝氏体,距离端部50 mm处转变为铁素体和粒状贝氏体的混合组织。试验钢板利用淬火机淬火后得到板条贝氏体+粒状贝氏体+先共析铁素体,回火后转变为铁素体+粒状贝氏体,同时大量的碳化物在铁素体基体和晶界处析出。试验钢最合理的热处理工艺为930℃ 30min水冷淬火,660℃ 60min空冷回火。     

B对高强钢连续冷却相变规律及性能的影响

利用热模拟试验、热轧试验、金相分析等方法,研究了不同B含量高强钢的连续冷却相变规律和性能变化情况.结果表明:B元素可显著提高钢的淬透性,阻止准多边形铁素体形成,促进针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和贝氏体铁素体等低温相变组织的形成;在相同轧制条件下,不含B试验钢的组织为粒状贝氏体+少量针状铁素体,含B试验钢的组织为板条状贝氏体铁素体+少量粒状贝氏体;B可显著提高试验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度,但对伸长率和冲击韧性的影响不大.     

等温温度对铸态先进高强钢显微组织及冲击韧性的影响

研究了720、800、860℃等温热处理对试验钢显微组织及冲击韧性的影响.结果表明:在720℃等温热处理时,试样显微组织是贝氏体+珠光体+铁素体,为原始铸态组织;800℃等温热处理时,显微组织以珠光体+铁素体为主,同时还存在少量的晶界先共析铁素体;860℃等温热处理时,基体组织为多边形铁素体+珠光体.等温温度对试验钢的...     

低焊接裂纹敏感性钢07MnNiMoDR的组织性能研究

对低焊接裂纹敏感性钢07MnNiMoDR的调质工艺和组织性能进行了研究.结果表明:实验钢淬火后能够获得铁素体+粒状贝氏体组织,大量的碳化物均匀弥散的分布在铁素体基体和晶界上,随着淬火温度的提高屈服强度提高,钢板厚度方向的组织差异性缩小.经600℃回火后,实验钢的屈服强度获得提高,抗拉强度基本不变,组织转变为碳化物+多边形铁素体,厚度方向上组织均匀性进一步缩小.经930℃淬火600℃回火后,实验钢厚度1/2处低温冲击韧性明显下降,此外经900℃淬火630℃回火后,实验钢厚度1/2处抗拉强度出现了不合格,其最佳的热处理生产工艺为900℃淬火+600℃回火.     

X70管线钢微观组织结构对落锤性能的影响

结合12～33mm厚X70管线钢落锤试验结果,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究和分析不同厚度落锤试样的组织演变规律及组织对落锤性能的影响。结果表明：随着钢板厚度的增加,钢的组织由彼此交织在一起的针状铁素体、多边形铁素体/准多边形铁素体演变成粒状贝氏体＋少量针状铁素体/多边形铁素体,碳化物的析出数量和析出尺寸随之增加。具有交织在一起的非等轴状AF＋PF/QF混合组织的试样落锤性能优于以晶粒粗大粒状贝氏体为基体组织的试样的落锤性能。通过控制M/A岛形态和分布可以提高钢的落锤性能。     

焊接热输入对厚壁20MnNiMo钢焊缝性能的影响

为了研究国产特厚20MnNiMo钢焊接中的最佳焊接热输入以及在焊接过程和相应的热处理过程中20MnNiMo钢力学性能及组织性能的变化状况,实验选取了焊接热输入线能量分别为2.46、2.78和3.09 kJ/mm进行实验。实验表明:20MnNiMo钢焊接接头断裂位置都是在焊接热影响区,并且随着焊接热输入的增大,试样的平均抗拉强度先减小再增大;随着与20MnNiMo钢焊缝的逐渐远离,金相组织的变化为由回火贝氏体、针状铁素体和先共析铁素体逐渐过渡到回火贝氏体,再到铁素体和回火贝氏体组织以及母材的回火索氏体组织。     

回火温度对贝氏体/马氏体复相海洋用钢的组织和性能影响

利用扫描电镜、透射电镜等实验方法,研究不同回火温度下试验钢的组织性能变化情况.结果表明:经控轧控冷获得了贝氏体/马氏体复相海洋用钢,其中贝氏体体积分数约占30%;随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的屈服强度先上升后又略有下降,在600℃达到最大值,为983 MPa,抗拉强度明显下降,延伸率先降低后升高,在600℃回火温度达到最大值为19.6%,之后又开始降低,冲击功在400℃和600℃出现明显回火脆性;在550℃回火温度试验钢取得最佳力学性能,其中抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为1050MPa和981 MPa,延伸率为16.6%,-40℃低温冲击功为19.9 J.分析认为,回火过程中马氏体板条断裂消失,贝氏体相互合并形成准多边形铁素体,析出物逐渐回溶和重新析出,造成力学性能的变化差异.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.