防火玻璃的分类及研究现状

根据耐火性能、结构形式、耐火等级,对防火玻璃进行了分类,主要分为隔热型防火玻璃、非隔热型防火玻璃、单片防火玻璃、复合防火玻璃以及不同耐火等级的防火玻璃,并对每一种防火玻璃的性能做了介绍。归纳总结了不同类别的防火玻璃之前的内在联系,并对单片防火玻璃和复合防火玻璃的目前研究现状进行了归纳总结。文章对防火玻璃的分类及研究现状进行了详细的概述,对于防火玻璃的认识与研究提供了参考价值。     

探析建筑用防火玻璃的类型和功能特性

防火玻璃作为安全玻璃中的一员,除了具有普通玻璃的一些性能外,还以其阻缓火势蔓延、隔热的能力,逐步得到人们的青睐。它在出现火灾时,最大限度地降低了损失。在一些有特殊要求的重要场合,发挥着举足轻重的作用。防火玻璃是一种新型的建筑用功能材料,具有良好的透光性能和防火阻燃性能。防火夹层玻璃按生产工艺特点又可分为复合型防火玻璃和灌注型防火玻璃。防火玻璃经过十几年的发展,各方面的性能(耐火性能、光学性能、力学性能等)发生了很大变化,它所用的材质也发生了不小的变革。     

防火玻璃——现代建筑的消防安全“盾牌”

1防火玻璃的标准防火玻璃属于安全玻璃的一种，是采用物理与化学的方法，对浮法玻璃进行加工处理而得到的。其防火性能的表现是当玻璃构件的一面受火时，这种玻璃能够在一定时间内阻止火势和热气的穿透或是阻止在玻璃的背面出现火焰的能力，从而有利于第一时间发现火情，保证受灾人群有足够长的时间撤离现场，并为救灾工作争取时间。防火、耐热是防火玻璃最重要的两个功能。     

防火玻璃生产工艺及现状

较系统全面地介绍了防火玻璃的类型、生产工艺特点以及防火机理,对近年来不同类型防火玻璃的生产工艺及研究现状进行了综述,并对目前市场上所用的单片防火玻璃和复合防火玻璃进行了工艺、性能、强度和应用范围等方面的分析比较,同时探讨了防火玻璃未来的发展趋势。     

高强度单片防火玻璃的应用

单片防火玻璃在欧美、日本地区发展较早，在中国的起步则是近几年的事。与传统的灌浆防火玻璃、复合防火玻璃相比，单片防火玻璃不仅强度高、通透感强，而且耐候性好，它的出现是防火玻璃行业的一场革命。2001年，随着GB15763．1——2001《建筑用安全玻璃防火玻璃》标准的颁布实施，单片防火玻璃逐渐被人们     

耀华硼硅防火玻璃打破国外垄断

日前在中国国际玻璃工业技术展览会上，中国耀华玻璃集团公司自行研发的具有优异防火性能的高端技术新品——硼硅防火玻璃以其独特的功能吸引了众多国内外专家和客商的关注。此产品的问世，打破了国外极少数国际大公司的垄断局面。日前，耀华硼硅防火玻璃已通过国家固定灭火系统和耐火构件质量监督检验中心的检测。防火时间超过180分钟，达到国家标准的两倍。     

浅论单片防火玻璃的生产技术

介绍了防火玻璃的性能,以及国内防火玻璃的生产技术和分类.     

浅谈防火玻璃

1 防火玻璃的标准 防火玻璃属于安全玻璃的一种,是采用物理与化学的方法,对浮法玻璃进行处理而得到的.其防火性能的表现是当玻璃构件的一面受火时,这种玻璃能够在一定时间内阻止火势和热气的穿透或是阻止在玻璃的背面出现火焰的能力,从而有利于第一时间发现火情,保证受灾人群有足够长的时间撤离现场,并为救灾工作争取了时间.防火、耐热是防火玻璃最重要的两个功能.     

国外两种新型建筑玻璃

介绍国外两种新型的建筑玻璃－镀膜隔热玻璃及其玻璃系统和透明防火安全墙板玻璃，并介绍了其有关性能数据。     

防火玻璃国家标准通过专家审查

防火玻璃国家标准于近日在北京通过了由全国建筑用玻璃标准化技术委员会组织的专家审查。 防火玻璃属于安全玻璃的一种．其防火性能的表现是当玻璃构件的一面受火时,这种玻璃能够在一定时间内阻止火势和热气的穿透或是阻止在玻璃的背面出现火焰的能力．具有一定的防火灾功能。     

Indicative fire tests to investigate heat insulation scenario of wired glasses sprayed with intumescent coatings

This study used three fire exposure samples with areas of 1 m × 1 m to conduct standard furnace fire tests. Through radiometer and theoretical analysis, the heat insulation of wired glass sprayed with intumescent coatings was measured. Test results indicate that after using an intumescent coating with a thickness of 0.3 mm, wired glass surface will generate a heat insulation layer that will dramatically reduce radiant energy levels due to thermal expansion. Results from this study suggest the use for a grid shape of intumescent coating because of the ease of application to wired glass and the fact that wired glass with an intumescent coating has proven to be the most feasible heat insulation material that can be practically applied in designated fireproof compartments of buildings.     

钢结构防火防腐涂料的制备与研究

现代建筑结构所用的主要材料仍是钢铁、混凝土和玻璃。钢铁强度高,性能稳定,韧性好而且适合于批量生产,使得钢铁成了最佳建筑用结构材料。但是钢结构在应用过程中存在着两大看不见的隐患:火灾和腐蚀。低的耐火性能和易腐蚀性可以导致较大的人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。而采用涂料进行保护是一种最经济、最有效的保护方法。本文在以有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂为基料,聚磷酸铵、双季戊四醇和三聚氰胺为防火填料的钢结构超薄膨胀型防火涂料中,分别加入三聚磷酸铝防锈颜料、金红石型二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅和陶瓷粉,制备了兼具防火和防腐性的双功能涂料,其性能指标符合GB/T 14907—2002标准要求,耐火极限达109min,涂层阻抗达10~8～10~9Ω·cm~2,且具有优良的耐化学试剂性。该涂料施工方便,性能优异,为大型钢结构的防火和防腐蚀保护提供了一个较好解决方案。     

A proposed fire safety ranking system for old highrise buildings in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

A survey was carried out in a district in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) to investigate the fire safety aspects of old highrise non‐residential buildings. Key parameters describing building characteristics and fire services provisions were identified. A 10‐point ranking system concerning building characteristics and fire services provisions was proposed to quantify the fire safety level. The ranking system was designed with reference to the new requirements for fire safety in old highrise non‐residential buildings in the HKSAR and would be a checklist to assess the fire safety provisions in the buildings. It was found that over 65% of the surveyed old highrise buildings did not have sufficient fire safety provisions. A distribution of the surveyed buildings with different fire safety levels was obtained. Immediate action must be taken to improve fire safety for those buildings that scored less than 6 points. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental study of the fire resistance of walls and floors constructed with steel studs and steel joists

Steel‐framed houses using light‐gauge steel as a structural member have been developed and constructed since the early 2000s as a new construction pattern in the low‐rise construction market in Korea. Generally, the steel frames consist of two major load‐carrying elements such as load‐bearing wall and floor construction made up of approximately 1.0‐mm cold‐formed light‐gauge steel and light‐weight boards. Therefore, the steel frames are very simple to construct and make the construction period shorter than the ordinary construction type or concrete‐based construction. In Korea, regardless of the construction material types, the building regulation requires 1‐h fire rating for apartment buildings of four stories or under. To meet the fire resistance, new models of load‐bearing wall and floor should be developed. From the fire test results, two layer gypsum boards of 12.5 mm in thickness reinforced with glass fiber were proven satisfactory to provide 1‐h fire resistance with load‐bearing wall and floor. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental studies of gypsum plasterboards and composite panels under fire conditions

Gypsum plasterboards are commonly used to protect the light gauge steel‐framed walls in buildings from fires. Single or multiple plasterboards can be used for this purpose, whereas recent research has proposed a composite panel with a layer of external insulation between two plasterboards. However, a good understanding of the thermal behaviour of these plasterboard panels under fire conditions is not known. Therefore, 15 small‐scale fire tests were conducted on plasterboard panels made of 13 and 16 mm plasterboards and four different types of insulations with varying thickness and density subject to standard fire conditions in AS 1530.4. Fire performance of single and multiple layers of gypsum plasterboards was assessed including the effects of interfaces between adjacent plasterboards. Effects of using external insulations such as glass fibre, rockwool and cellulose fibre were also determined. The thermal performance of composite panels developed from different insulating materials of varying densities and thicknesses was examined and compared. This paper presents the details of the fire tests conducted in this study and their valuable time–temperature data for the tested plasterboard panels. These data can be used for the purpose of developing and validating accurate thermal numerical models of these panels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fire losses in selected property classifications of non‐residential,commercial and residential wood buildings. Part 1: hotels/motels and care homes for aged

In an attempt to evaluate the adequacy of building code requirements for selected classifications of non‐residential, commercial and residential wood buildings, researchers at Forintek Canada Corp. have examined Canadian and American fire loss statistics and compared fire losses for the selected classifications of wood buildings with those for similar buildings of non‐combustible construction. They have also examined causal factors associated with fires in those structures, extent of flame and smoke spread, ability of sprinkler systems and building construction to minimize fire losses, and outcomes of fire events. Because of the volume of information that was analysed, the results are being reported through three separate papers. This, the first, presents the ‘big picture’ with respect to fire losses in the selected classifications of non‐residential, commercial and residential structures, and discusses in detail fire losses for hotel/motel properties and care homes for the aged. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

透视PVB夹层玻璃及其市场

当今设计住宅、商业等设施时主要考虑建筑物的功能、审美和可建造性,但是建筑物中大量使用的玻璃材料是建筑物结构中较为薄弱的环节,必须要对低概率的自然灾害和恶性供给予以考虑。从现在的大型商场、机场、银行等对安全方面的要求,开始使用了PVB夹层玻璃,而且是先钢化后夹胶的玻璃制品,因此夹层玻璃市场发展前景广阔。针对夹层玻璃的结构和功能,叙述了PVB夹层玻璃的性能和特点、PVB玻璃的产品品种及应用领域,分别介绍了建筑用PVB夹层玻璃和车用PVB夹层玻璃,同时指出了PVB夹层玻璃的市场商机。     

The effect of fibre content on the thermal and fire performance of polypropylene–glass composites

Thermoplastic composites demand constant improvements in fire retardant and mechanical properties to fulfil their full market potential, especially in demanding sectors such as rail, aerospace and infrastructure, where fire performance is critical. The aim of this work is to understand the effect of reinforcing fibres on the flammability of polypropylene–glass (P‐G) composites and the means of improving their fire performance in a cost‐effective manner. A number of P‐G composites with 0%, 10% and 20% (w/w) glass fibres were prepared using short length glass fibres. The effect of fibre content on the thermal stability, flammability and mechanical performance of the P‐G composites without and in the presence of conventional fire retardants was studied. It was observed that while the presence of glass fibre lowered down the limiting oxygen index value of the composite, the rate of flame spread in a UL‐94 equivalent test was also lowered. The reduction in limiting oxygen index is due to the fact that glass fibre reduces the melt dripping behaviour of polypropylene and does not let the polymer (polypropylene) move away from flame, which then burns. Cone calorimetric study indicated that the presence of glass fibre reduces the overall flammability of the composite laminate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特殊消防设计在大型高铁车站设计中的运用

近年来在基础设施建设的投入显著增强,出现了较多的超高层建筑和大体量单体建筑,这就在建筑消防设计方面带来了许多问题。以在建的大同至张家口客运专线某站为例,探讨特殊消防设计在大型单体建筑中的运用,提出了一些特殊消防设计方案,进行了一系列消防安全性验证,证明了特殊消防设计能够解决大型单体建筑消防设计与现行规范的矛盾。     

Apron design for protecting double‐skin façade fires

Although double‐skin façade (DSF) is an environmental‐friendly architectural feature, its fire behaviour is a deep concern. The interior glass system including the glass pane, metal frame and associated accessories will be hotter than the exterior glass system as demonstrated by earlier studies. The glass pane above the fire room will be broken to spread flame into the upper compartment. Aprons are proposed to protect the air cavity of DSF in a way similar to those outside a single‐skin façade. In this paper, the effect of aprons in protecting against fire spread from an underlying compartment to the compartments above by preventing glass breakage of the inner glass pane was studied. Fire and smoke from a post‐flashover room fire adjacent to the DSF would be trapped in the air cavity between the two glass panes. Spreading of hot gases with different apron widths was studied by numerical simulations with CFD first. Fire environment with and without breaking the apron immediately above the fire room was studied. Full‐scale burning tests on part of an experimental DSF rig were then carried out to demonstrate the performance of horizontal apron in the DSF rig of 6 m tall and air cavity depth of 2 m with different apron widths. All demonstrated that providing apron is appropriate in protecting DSF fires. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.