贵金属纳米粒子/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展

贵金属纳米粒子/碳纳米管复合材料具有优异的电、磁、光及催化性能,在多相催化、燃料电池、化学/生物传感器、抗菌材料和复合材料等领域有潜在的应用。综述了贵金属纳米粒子/碳纳米管的性能特点和国内外的研究现状,并深入分析了化学镀、电化学沉积和物理技术等在制备贵金属纳米粒子包覆碳纳米管中的应用。表面包覆了高分散纳米贵金属粒子的碳纳米管有望应用在能源、环境和生物化学领域。     

压力烧结制备二氧化钛包覆的石墨烯增强铝基复合材料

使用压力烧结方法制备了石墨烯纳米片（GNP）增强的7075铝基纳米复合材料,提出了一种通过在GNP的表面涂覆二氧化钛（TiO₂）来优化界面结合的新工艺,并比对了原石墨烯及具有包覆层石墨烯对铝基纳米复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,与添加纯GNP相比,添加具有TiO₂涂层的GNP的纳米复合材料的力学性能提高。相比于基体,TiO₂包覆GNP增强的纳米复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和显微硬度分别增加了38.9%、34.4%和20.1%。性能的进一步改善是由于TiO₂涂层优化了增强相与基体之间的界面结合,从而提高了载荷传递的有效性。     

Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity of Al–Graphene Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy and Hot Rolling Techniques

The objective of this research is to improve the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of Al/GNPs(graphene nanoplatelets) nanocomposites produced by classical powder metallurgy and hot rolling techniques. The microstructural evaluation confirmed the uniform dispersion of GNPs at low content and agglomeration at higher contents of GNPs. The structure of graphene was studied before and after the mixing and the Raman spectrum proofs that the wet mixing has a great potential to be used as a dispersion method. There was no significant peak corresponding to the Al_4C_3 formation in both the differential scanning calorimetry curves and X-ray diffraction patterns. The microstructural observation in both fabrication techniques showed grain refinement as a function of the GNPs content. Moreover, the introduction of the GNPs not only improved the Vickers hardness of the composites but also decreased their density. The thermal conductivity investigations showed that in both the press-sintered and hot-rolled samples, although the thermal conductivity of composites was improved at low GNPs contents, it was negatively affected at high GNPs contents.     

基于机械搅拌和烧结工艺制备的GNPs/Al复合材料特性研究

采用机械搅拌和烧结工艺制备了GNPs/Al复合材料,实现了无损伤GNPs的完全铺展及在铝基体中均匀弥散分布。研究了GNPs对复合材料粉末冷压-烧结致密化行为的作用机制,阐明了GNPs对复合材料强度和塑性的作用机理,探讨了烧结时间对GNPs/Al复合材料力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,GNPs含量低于0.5%,烧结态GNPs/Al复合材料相对密度达到98%以上。烧结态Al-0.5wt.%GNPs屈服强度达到204MPa,相对于纯铝提高了18.6%。以Al-0.5wt.%GNPs为例,烧结6h后,复合材料硬度为61.5HV,屈服强度为173MPa,压缩应变40%时未发生明显破坏。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Reinforced K418 Superalloy by Selective Laser Melting

In order to obtain the superalloy with excellent properties, graphene reinforced K418 nickel base superalloy (GNPs/K418 composite) was prepared by selective laser melting technique in this study. Through systematically comparing and analyzing the microstructure and mechanical property of K418 superalloy and GNPs/K418 composite, it is found that the percentage of small-diameter grain (≤ 15 μm) increased from 84% to 90%, and the max strength of grain orientation (<001>) reduce from 5.76 to 4.17 due to the addition of GNPs. And GNPs can also improve the height and the full width at the half peak of the strong diffraction peak of GNPs/K418 composite. Besides, GNPs/K418 composite is a kind of sandwiched structure, which is consist of GNPs, carbides, and K418 matrix. Therefore, the hardness of the GNPs/K418 composite is 4.1% and 6.9% higher than that of the K418 matrix in the transverse and vertical direction, respectively. The room temperature tensile strength of the GNPs/K418 composite is 9% higher than that of the K418 matrix. And the 600 °C and 900 °C tensile strengths of the GNPs/K418 composite are 7.6% and 10.4% higher than that of the K418 matrix, respectively. It is inferred that the effect of graphene on K418 matrix strengthening is mainly fine grain strengthening and Orowan strengthening. However, the elongation rate of the composite material is reduced, which is attributed to crack sprouting at the interface between the matrix and GNPs under high stress.     

Influence of sol–gel application conditions on metallic substrate for optical applications

Abstract

An efficient energy management of a building requires optimum use of the light energy, which is strongly dependent on optical properties of used materials. In the lighting sector, aluminium is generally employed as substrate for the reflectors. Nowadays, new steel substrates combining good corrosion resistance and flexibility are developed to answer the growing need of this market. Specific requirements for optical applications are a high reflectivity (total reflectivity >82%), a high superficial hardness and durability and also a suitable formability. The sol–gel layer is used in this particular application for its levelling properties before depositing of the reflective layer and good barrier properties to avoid contact between the metallic layers. The corrosion protection and the barrier properties of the sol–gel layer are investigated as a function of the thickness. The protection conferred by the sol–gel layer on stainless steel substrate is studied by the electrochemical measurements in a sodium chloride solution (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarisation curves). The stress generated in the layer is determined versus temperature, humidity and hygrothermal conditions.     

石墨烯纳米片增强铝基复合材料的制备与性能

采用高能球磨、放电等离子烧结以及热挤压工艺制备含量为5.0％(体积分数)的石墨烯增强铝基复合材料.分别采用X射线光电子能谱、透射电镜及拉伸试验研究挤压态复合材料的显微组织与力学性能,发现5.0％(体积分数)的石墨烯分散在铝晶界上,并且未与铝基体发生界面反应.最终,挤压态复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度高达462 MPa和4...     

Finite Element Prediction of the Thermal Conductivity of GNP/Al Composites

A 3D multi-scale finite element model was developed to predict the effective thermal conductivity of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/Al composites. The factors influencing the effective thermal conductivity of the GNP/Al composites were investigated, including the orientation, shape, aspect ratio, configuration and volume fraction of GNPs. The results show that GNPs shape has a little influence on the thermal conductivity of GNP/Al composites, and composites with elliptic GNPs have the highest thermal conductivity. In addition, with increasing the aspect ratio of GNPs, the thermal conductivity of GNP/Al composites increases and finally tends to be stable. The GNPs configuration strongly influences the thermal conductivity of GNP/Al composites, and the thermal conductivity of the composites with layered GNPs is the highest among the five configurations. The effective thermal conductivity is sensitive to volume fraction of GNPs. Ideally, when the volume fraction of layered GNPs reaches 1.54%, the thermal conductivity of GNP/Al composites is as high as 400 W/m K. The findings of this study could provide a good theoretical basis for designing high thermal conductivity GNP/Al composites.     

PECVD法制备掺硼纳米金刚石薄膜的工艺研究进展

首先详细介绍了金刚石作为半导体材料的优异性能,然后从应用角度阐述了NCD薄膜掺B后形成半导体材料的优势,接着探讨了影响NCD薄膜性能(电性能、光学性能、生物性能等)的主要工艺条件(包括硼源种类、掺硼浓度、衬底温度、后处理)。研究发现,大多数研究者都采用液态和气态硼源,而固态硼源由于很难液化且浓度不易控制而不常被采用,掺B后NCD薄膜的电阻率急剧下降,紫外波段下透过率可达51%,磁阻效应变好。另外衬底温度对BD-NCD薄膜的质量以及性能都有影响,衬底温度太高,非晶碳含量增加,金刚石质量下降;衬底温度太低,能够进入NCD晶界或晶粒的有效硼原子减少,影响其电学性能、光学性能,在最佳衬底温度工艺下的电导率可达22.3 S/cm,而在电化学性能方面,其电化学窗口可达3.3 V。而选择合适的硼源浓度对BD-NCD的电性能、光学性能、生物性能也非常关键,硼源浓度过大,BD-NCD表面粗糙度和晶粒尺寸增大;硼源浓度过小,产生空穴进行导电的B原子就少,在合适硼源浓度工艺条件下其载流子浓度可达1021 cm-3,折射率可达2.45。还有研究者对BD-NCD薄膜进行后处理工艺(退火、等离子体处理等),发现后处理对其电性能也有一定的影响。因此,选择合适的工艺对生长质量高、性能优异的NCD薄膜尤为重要。最后对BD-NCD薄膜的发展以及后续研究方向进行了展望和期待。     

高电位镁牺牲阳极研究进展

概述高电位Mg-Mn牺牲阳极组织、电化学性能特点以及应用,分析杂质元素Ca、Sr、Mn元素和熔铸新工艺对高电位镁阳极组织和电化学性能的影响、Zn含量对Mg-zn超高电位镁阳极电化学性能的影响,挤压高电位镁阳极的生产工艺及应用,指出高电位镁阳极存在的问题并对其发展趋势进行展望。     

压电纤维复合材料的发展、模拟及应用

压电材料同时具有驱动和传感性能,被广泛应用于各种智能结构中.圆形压电纤维复合材料和方形压电纤维复合材料作为两种新型压电复合材料,因其独特的结构而具有比压电陶瓷片更优异的性能.采用数值法和分析法对复合材料的结构参数及各组分材料性能进行评估从而预测复合材料的性能是目前的研究热点.压电纤维复合材料被广泛应用于振动及噪声控制、结构健康监测、结构变形及能量收集等领域,并能对上述领域的进一步发展发挥关键作用.     

轧制变形量对GNPs/Ti复合材料组织与性能的影响

本文采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)和热轧制备了石墨烯/钛基复合材料(GNPs/Ti)。重点研究了轧制变形量对GNPs/Ti复合材料的显微组织及力学性能的影响规律。采用扫描电镜观察不同变形量后的显微组织,结果显示,随着轧制变形量的增加,基体晶粒长径比增大,石墨烯取向性提高。拉伸结果表明,GNPs/Ti复合材料的抗拉强度和断后伸长率随着变形量的增加而增加,最大抗拉强度达到680MPa,相比纯钛提高了33%。采用轧制工艺可以使GNPs/Ti复合材料孔洞减少、GNPs分布具有取向性,从而提高材料的力学性能。     

钛酸铋钠基压电材料制备技术研究进展

钛酸铋钠(BNT)基压电材料因具有较好的电学性能以及高居里温度等优点,成为了压电材料领域的研究热点之一。如何制备出性能优异的钛酸铋钠基压电材料,是满足各个领域应用要求的重要环节。重点综述了近年来钛酸铋钠基压电材料制备技术的研究进展,从固相烧结、放电等离子烧结以及微波烧结等角度对其烧结技术进行论述;从溶胶-凝胶、脉冲激光沉积和射频磁控溅射等角度对其薄膜制备技术进行综述;对热喷涂制备压电涂层的机理和工艺进行总结。结果表明,烧结温度是影响块体材料结构和性能的关键因素,其中放电等离子烧结与微波烧结相较于传统的固相烧结能够有效控制材料的烧结温度;在钛酸铋钠薄膜的制备中对沉积温度、氧气压力以及退火温度的控制可以有效提高薄膜电学性能;热喷涂制备的钛酸铋钠涂层通过热处理工艺能够改善涂层的电学性能,并且热喷涂能够在复杂零件表面实现压电涂层的可控制备,其中钛酸铋钠压电陶瓷薄膜和涂层的制备扩展了其应用范围。最后,展望了压电陶瓷材料技术的未来发展趋势,为压电材料制备技术的研究提供了一定的参考。     

Recent progress in ceramic matrix composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets

Graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs) are considered to be one of the most promising new reinforcements due to their unique two-dimensional structure and remarkable mechanical properties. In addition, their impressive electrical and thermal properties make them attractive fillers for producing multifunctional ceramics with a wide range of applications. This paper reviews the current status of the research and development of graphene-reinforced ceramic matrix composite(CMC) materials. Firstly, we focused on the processing methods for effective dispersion of GNPs throughout ceramic matrices and the reduction of the porosity of CMC products. Then, the microstructure and mechanical properties are provided, together with an emphasis on the possible toughening mechanisms that may operate. Additionally, the unique functional properties endowed by GNPs, such as enhanced electrical/thermal conductivity, are discussed, with a comprehensive comparison in different ceramic matrices as oxide and nonoxide composites. Finally, the prospects and problems needed to be solved in GNPs-reinforced CMCs are discussed.     

Al2O3晶须与石墨烯纳米片共增强铜基复合材料的显微结构及界面行为(英文)

研究Al₂O₃晶须和石墨烯纳米片共增强铜基复合材料的力学性能和显微结构。采用机械合金化、真空热压烧结和热等静压工艺制备不同石墨烯含量的铜基复合材料。含0.5%石墨烯(质量分数)的铜基复合材料(GNP-0.5)具有良好的Cu/C和Cu/Al₂O₃界面结合性能;复合材料的硬度和抗压强度随石墨烯含量的增加呈现先增加到一个临界值后减小的趋势。研究结果表明,石墨烯和Al₂O₃晶须在铜基复合材料中最主要的强化机制是能量耗散和载荷传递以及石墨烯导致的晶粒细化。石墨烯与Al₂O₃晶须的双相混杂增强效应在于：当Al₂O₃/Cu界面存在微裂纹并沿着界面扩展时,嵌于铜基复合材料中的石墨烯会阻碍裂纹扩展路径,从而强化Al₂O₃晶须在铜基复合材料中的增强作用。     

An experimental study of spherical indentation on piezoelectric materials

The response of lead zirconate titanate and barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics to spherical microindentation was investigated. Force vs penetration depth curves obtained from instrumented indentation reveal that the indentation stiffness depends on the material condition (i.e. poled vs unpoled) and the type of indentor (i.e. electrically conducting vs insulating). Good agreement was found between the experimental results and predictions of an analytical model of Giannakopoulos and Suresh (1999) for the spherical indentation of a transversely isotropic piezoelectric material. A parametric analysis was conducted to identify key material properties that influence the indentation response. An error analysis was performed so as to assess the influence of the variabilities in constituent properties on the scatter in the measured indentation stiffness. This indentation method has been shown to offer a new methodology for characterizing some properties of piezoelectric materials. Advantages and limitations of such a technique are discussed.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ADC12 composites reinforced with graphene nanoplates prepared by ultrasonic assisted casting

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ADC12 composites reinforced with graphene nanoplates (GNPs) prepared by high-intensity ultrasonic assisted casting were investigated. The results indicated that high-intensity ultrasound can promote the uniform distribution of GNPs in the melt, resulting in refining the α(Al) phase and Si phase. The optimal addition of GNPs was 0.9 wt.%, and the optimal ultrasonic time was 12 min. The tensile strength, the yield strength and the hardness of the composite produced under the optimal parameters were 256.8 MPa, 210.6 MPa and HV 126.0, respectively, which increased by 30.5%, 42.7%, and 34.8% compared with those of the matrix, respectively. After adding the GNPs, the fracture mechanism gradually turned from a brittle fracture to a ductile fracture. The good interface and distribution allowed GNPs to play the role in fine grain strengthening, dislocation strengthening and load transfer strengthening effectively.     

Synthesis and characterization of perylene-based donor–acceptor copolymers containing triple bonds

Two donor–acceptor copolymers containing perylene diimide and oligothiophenes linked through triple bonds have been designed and synthesized by palladium catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. The introduction of the triple bond spacer between the electron acceptor perylene moieties and the electron donating oligothiophene moieties produces an extended conjugation along the main chain, and produces soluble and high molecular weight copolymers.The thermal, optical and electrochemical properties of these copolymers were examined. The HOMO–LUMO energy levels of these copolymers, along with the quenching of their photoluminescence in 1:1 (w/w) blends with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), indicate that they are suitable materials for application as electron acceptor and n-type components in bulk heterojunction solar cells with P3HT.     

声发射研究用的非接触式传感器

与常用压电声发射能器不同，声发射研究中使用的非接触式宽带传感器主要有两种，即电容传感器和光学探测器，为了削弱孔径效应，空气间隙的电容传感器采用了不同的结构。光学探测器则是建立在激光干涉的基础上，利用偏振干涉方法研制的光学探测器是传感器的一种优化设计，而光纤传感器在实现声发射技术的现场应用中有许多潜在的优点。     

化学气相沉积金刚石膜的研究与应用进展

化学气相沉积(CVD)金刚石膜具有极其优异的电学(电子学)、光学、热学、力学、声学和电化学性能的组合,因此在一系列高新技术领域有非常好的应用前景,并曾在20世纪80年代中期形成席卷全球的"金刚石热"。30余年来,CVD金刚石膜研究取得了极其巨大的进展,但在产业化应用方面仍不尽人意。本文对此进行了比较详尽地综述和评论,希望更多的人了解,并推进其研究和产业化进展。