Noise radar using random phase and frequency modulation

Pulse compression radar is used in a great number of applications. Excellent range resolution and high electronic counter-countermeasures performance is achieved by wideband long pulses, which spread out the transmitted energy in frequency and time. By using a random noise waveform, the range ambiguity is suppressed as well. In most applications, the random signal is transmitted directly from a noise-generating microwave source. A sine wave, which is phase or frequency modulated by random noise, is an alternative, and in this paper, the ambiguity function and the statistical characteristics of the correlation output for the latter configuration are further analyzed. Range resolution is then improved because the noise bandwidth of the modulated carrier is wider than that of the modulating signal, and the range sidelobes are also further suppressed. Random biphase modulation gives a 4-dB (/spl pi//sup 2//4) improvement, but much higher sidelobe suppression could be achieved using continuous phase/frequency modulation. Due to the randomness of the waveform, the output correlation integral is accompanied by a noise floor, which limits the possible sidelobe suppression as determined by the time-bandwidth product. In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications with distributed targets, this product should be large compared with the number of resolution elements inside the antenna main beam. The advantages of low range sidelobes and enhanced range resolution make frequency/phase-modulated noise radar attractive for many applications, including SAR mapping, surveillance, altimetry, and scatterometry. Computer algorithms for reference signal delay and compression are discussed as replacements for the classical delay line implementation.     

穿墙成像雷达旁瓣/栅瓣抑制方法

提出了一种超宽带超稀疏阵列穿墙成像雷达距离向旁瓣和方位向栅瓣抑制的新方法。对于使用步进频连续波的超宽带雷达,其距离向旁瓣较高,通常采用加窗进行抑制。对于超稀疏阵列,其方位向栅瓣较高,可以采用相位相干因子(PCF)加权进行抑制。若同时抑制距离向旁瓣和方位向栅瓣,可以对加窗的图像作PCF加权。但是,距离向加窗会抬高方位向栅瓣,进而降低PCF抑制方位向栅瓣的效果。针对这个问题,提出一种PCF结合双切趾的方法,能够同时有效地抑制距离向旁瓣和方位向栅瓣。仿真和实验结果验证了方法的有效性。     

随机噪声雷达的脉冲压缩方法研究

文中针对传统的匹配滤波算法在进行脉冲压缩时存在的高距离旁瓣问题,提出了将卡尔曼滤波法和Pisarenko法应用于随机噪声雷达的脉冲压缩。在建立随机噪声雷达系统模型的基础上,详细论述了卡尔曼滤波法和Pisarenko法在该系统脉冲压缩中的实现方法。通过仿真试验对这两种方法的脉冲压缩性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,卡尔曼滤波法和Pisarenko法都能够在不牺牲分辨率的基础上有效地改善随机噪声雷达的脉冲压缩性能,降低脉冲压缩的     

高分辨雷达的一种新的波形设计

频率步进合成高分辨雷达体制受目标径向运动速度的影响极大,为了获取目标准确的高分辨距离像,需要做运动补偿。目标运动速度的估计精度直接决定速度补偿效果。首先分析了顺序跳频和随机跳频两种高分辨信号的特点,然后概述了相参合成处理实现高分辨的方法,最后研究了目标运动对这两种信号合成一维距离像的影响,并在此基础上提出了一种新波形的设计方法,从而大大提高了目标速度的估计精度。     

运用Super-SVA方法处理频谱不连续调频步进信号

调频步进信号是高分辨率雷达中经常采用的一种信号形式。它是线性调频信号和频率步进信号的结合,兼有两者的优点。在实际雷达系统设计中,如果频率步进值能够大于子脉冲带宽,对于以更少的子脉冲数来获得更大的带宽,从而降低目标运动对合成信号质量的影响是非常有帮助的。但此时会出现很高的栅瓣,并导致假目标的出现或者掩盖小的目标。该文利用Super-SVA超分辨方法拓展各子脉冲的频谱从而使合成频谱连续起来,解决了此情况下的栅瓣问题。再利用Super-SVA方法对合成的1维距离像进行处理,则能进一步降低旁瓣。文中给出了计算仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

一种新的低旁瓣LFM噪声雷达波形设计方法

针对LFM噪声雷达波形旁瓣功率水平高的问题,该文将低旁瓣波形设计方法和LFM噪声雷达波形设计方法相结合,提出一种新的低旁瓣LFM噪声雷达波形设计方法。该方法首先建立低旁瓣LFM噪声雷达波形设计目标函数,将确定性二次相位和随机相位的组合关系转化为优化问题的约束条件,然后通过该文提出的修正循环算法(MCAN)迭代求解,使得设计的恒模LFM噪声波形同时具有低旁瓣和高多普勒容忍性。最后,仿真结果表明该算法能够降低波形模糊函数的距离-多普勒2维旁瓣,对静止目标和运动目标均能够起到较好的效果,且保证了波形的低截获概率性能。     

基于5G信号的脉压加权相参积累方法

5G信号携带的通信信息导致脉压信号出现大量随机性起伏旁瓣,类似于噪声对脉压信号的干扰,影响了相参积累性能.针对该问题,本文将脉压信号幅度加权的方法应用到基于5G信号的外辐射源雷达系统中,在单发单收的雷达模型基础上,理论分析了5G信号特性及脉压旁瓣起伏性较大原因,推导了脉压幅度加权方法抑制随机性旁瓣的可行性.最后,通过建...     

基于随机步进频信号的MIMO波形设计和成像方法

基于MIMO雷达系统的宽带雷达成像是空间感知领域一个很有前景的研究方向.波形设计是宽带MIMO雷达系统需要解决的首要问题.对于MIMO宽带信号一般要求各雷达发射信号相互正交且自相关函数具有窄的主瓣和低旁瓣特性.文中详细分析了随机步进频信号自相关函数的统计特性,证明大的步进频数利于MIMO雷达成像,进而提出了一种基于遗传算法的MIMO波形设计方法,该算法中利用随机频率编码矩阵生成遗传算法的初始种群.最后将所设计的波形用于MIMO雷达成像的仿真实验,其结果证明了文中的波形设计方法可以有效降低MIMO雷达系统中不同通道之间的相互干扰,利于雷达成像.     

Tutorial review of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) with applications to imaging of the ocean surface

A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can produce high-resolution two-dimensional images of mapped areas. The SAR comprises a pulsed transmitter, an antenna, and a phase-coherent receiver. The SAR is borne by a constant velocity vehicle such as an aircraft or satellite, with the antenna beam axis oriented obliquely to the velocity vector. The image plane is defined by the velocity vector and antenna beam axis. The image orthogonal coordinates are range and cross range (azimuth). The amplitude and phase of the received signals are collected for the duration of an integration time after which the signal is processed. High range resolution is achieved by the use of wide bandwidth transmitted pulses. High azimuth resolution is achieved by focusing, with a signal processing technique, an extremely long antenna that is synthesized from the coherent phase history. The pulse repetition frequency of the SAR is constrained within bounds established by the geometry and signal ambiguity limits. SAR operation requires relative motion between radar and target. Nominal velocity values are assumed for signal processing and measurable deviations are used for error compensation. Residual uncertainties and high-order derivatives of the velocity which are difficult to compensate may cause image smearing, defocusing, and increased image sidelobes. The SAR transforms the ocean surface into numerous small cells, each with dimensions of range and azimuth resolution. An image of a cell can be produced provided the radar cross section of the cell is sufficiently large and the cell phase history is deterministic. Ocean waves evidently move sufficiently uniformly to produce SAR images which correlate well with optical photographs and visual observations. The relationship between SAR images and oceanic physical features is not completely understood, and more analyses and investigations are desired.     

基于自相关函数的SRSF信号感知矩阵优化方法

根据随机步进频率(random stepped-frequency,RSF)信号特征,结合感知矩阵优化理论,提出了一种基于自相关函数的稀疏RSF(sparse RSF,SRSF)信号感知矩阵优化方法.首先,在构建稀疏重构模型的基础上,给出了SRSF信号波形参数与感知矩阵构造方式的内在联系;然后,研究了感知矩阵互相关系数...     

3-D radar imaging using range migration techniques

An imaging system with three-dimensional (3-D) capability can be implemented by using a stepped frequency radar which synthesizes a two-dimensional (2-D) planar aperture. A 3-D image can be formed by coherently integrating the backscatter data over the measured frequency band and the two spatial coordinates of the 2-D synthetic aperture. This paper presents a near-field 3-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging algorithm. This algorithm is an extension of the 2-D range migration algorithm (RMA). The presented formulation is justified by using the method of the stationary phase (MSP). Implementation aspects including the sampling criteria, resolutions, and computational complexity are assessed. The high computational efficiency and accurate image reconstruction of the algorithm are demonstrated both with numerical simulations and measurements using an outdoor linear SAR system     

双载频步进频率雷达精确速度测量方法

步进频率雷达中,目标的径向运动将导致合成的目标径向一维距离像产生距离徙动和波形失真,需要对目标速度进行测量以补偿其影响。该文提出基于单个步进频率脉冲串的共轭法速度测量方法,然后提出一种同时发射双载频步进频率信号的速度测量方法,并分析了其潜在测量精度。理论分析和仿真结果证明,两种方法相结合不仅具有普通步进频率信号的高距离分辨率等优点,而且具有速度测量无模糊测量范围大、测量精度高的特点,可以利用速度测量值补偿目标一维距离像的距离移动和失真,从而同时实现高速目标的速度精确测量和高分辨成像。     

环境一号C 卫星合成孔径雷达相干性分析

合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)是一种相干成像雷达,相干性是保证SAR 成像的关键。对相干系统而言,诸多因素会破坏其相干性。该文以环境一号C 卫星SAR 分系统方案和指标为基础,主要分析了频率源稳定度和脉间定时抖动对系统相干性的影响。环境一号C 卫星SAR 采用短期稳定度为101.010 / 5 ms 的晶振,经过直接倍频与分频提供系统所需的基准频率信号,由短期稳定度引入的方位向随机相位误差对积分旁瓣的影响可忽略。环境一号C 卫星SAR 定时脉冲前沿抖动优于2 ns (rms),合成孔径时间内的随机相位误差对方位脉冲压缩旁瓣略有影响。该文通过公式推导和仿真分析证明了HJ-1-C 卫星SAR 系统相干性设计满足合成孔径雷达成像要求。      

基于Costas编码跳频雷达信号分析及成像研究

常用的跳频宽带雷达大都是基于发射顺序步进载频的脉冲信号形式,而这种信号的模糊图为斜刀刃形,存在距离-速度耦合,容易造成测距不准和多普勒效应.为了改善高分辨力雷达测距测速性能,提出了在ISAR成像中采用Costas编码脉冲序列,推导并比较了Costas编码脉冲序列和常规步进频脉冲序列的模糊图,分析了Costas编码跳频雷达信号形式,指出它可以消除距离-速度耦合,具有更好的测距和测速性能,并给出了ISAR成像的算法步骤.最后仿真验证了该算法的正确性.     

毫米波高分辨率雷达运动补偿研究

频率步进雷达是一种距离高分辨率雷达，运动补偿是其实现距离高分辨的关键。在波形熵法用于毫米波频率步进雷达运动补偿的研究中，针对步进频率信号波形熵的局部最小值问题，采用Costas编码改进，并对波形熵的定义进行了优化，获得了满意的仿真结果。     

宽带随机混沌雷达高速目标速度估计与成像

随机混沌具有真随机性、对初值敏感、易于产生和控制等特点,频率步进信号易于工程实现和处理,结合两者的优势,提出了一种载频随机步进的随机混沌信号(RSCFSCS)模型,用于高速目标的速度估计和距离维高分辨成像。首先,通过非周期函数激励非线性系统,产生不可预测的随机混沌信号(SCS),经频率调制后用作基带子脉冲。同时,将SCS通过映射变换得到跳频编码(FHC),用来决定调频脉冲串的载频步进。RSCFSCS 速度估计包括粗搜索和精搜索,粗搜索采用固定步长,保证速度偏差小于速度分辨单元,而精搜索采用黄金分割搜索算法可得到精确的速度估计。最后,子脉冲经相干合成形成宽带信号,实现高分辨距离成像。数值仿真表明提出的信号模型和处理算法性能良好。     

一种线性调频信号超低旁瓣脉冲压缩方法

雷达脉冲压缩希望具有超低距离旁瓣的特征,线性调频信号采用加窗方式可达到约-35 dB的距离旁瓣电平。基于超低旁瓣电平信号设计方法,在不考虑信噪比损失条件下,提出了一种新的超低旁瓣的脉冲压缩方法,基本思想是针对给定线性调频信号,频率滤波权值采用超低频旁瓣频域信号与线性调频信号频域的比值,可以将接收端旁瓣电平输出最低到-120 dB。同时,从理论上和数值结果中分析了信噪比损失、延迟敏感性等问题。     

基于压缩感知理论的随机噪声雷达目标检测算法研究

随机噪声雷达通常利用时域相关完成脉冲压缩从而进行目标检测。该文根据压缩感知理论提出一种适用于噪声雷达目标检测的新算法,它用低维投影测量和信号重建取代了传统的相关操作和压缩处理,将大量运算转移到后期处理。该算法以噪声雷达所检测的目标空间分布满足稀疏性为前提;利用发射信号形成卷积矩阵,然后通过随机抽取卷积矩阵的行构建测量矩阵;并采用迭代收缩阈值算法实现目标信号重建。该文对算法作了详细的理论推导,形成完整的实现框架。仿真实验验证了算法的有效性,并分析了对处理结果影响较大的因素。该算法能够有效地重建目标,具有良好的运算效率。与时域相关法相比,大幅度减小了目标检测误差,有效抑制了输出旁瓣,并保持了信号的相位特性。     

PR-based SAR reconstruction algorithm for phase noise mitigation based on the hidden convexity

The performance of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) reconstruction is significantly deteriorated by the random phase noises arising from the atmospheric turbulence or frequency jitter of the transmit signal. Recently, the emerging phase retrieval (PR) technique is gradually extended to the SAR reconstruction problem via the phase-corrupted data attributing to its alluring potential for phase noise mitigation. In this paper, a novel PR-based SAR reconstruction algorithm for phase noise mitigation is proposed by jointing alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and Kolmogorov spectral factorization (KoSF). Owing to the exploiting of the hidden convexity of PR-based SAR reconstruction problem and the structure advantage of the quadratic magnitude measurement, the proposed algorithm acquires better robustness for the complex-valued Gaussian white noises and the random phase noises than the existing PR-based SAR reconstruction algorithms. In the experiments, the synthetic scene data and the moving and stationary target recognition Sandia laboratories implementation of cylinders (MSTAR SLICY) target data are provided to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm.